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Approaches for strengthening causal inference regarding prenatal risk factors for childhood behavioural and psychiatric disorders / Sarah J. LEWIS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-10 (October 2013)
[article]
Titre : Approaches for strengthening causal inference regarding prenatal risk factors for childhood behavioural and psychiatric disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah J. LEWIS, Auteur ; Caroline RELTON, Auteur ; Stanley ZAMMIT, Auteur ; George DAVEY SMITH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1095-1108 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Mendelian randomisation causal inference childhood behaviour psychiatric disorders instrumental variable analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The risk of childhood behavioural and psychiatric diseases could be substantially reduced if modifiable risk factors for these disorders were identified. The critical period for many of these exposures is likely to be in utero as this is the time when brain development is most rapid. However, due to confounding and other limitations of traditional epidemiological studies, identification of causal risk factors has proved challenging and on the whole research in this area has not been fruitful. Scope In this review, we highlight several alternative approaches including; comparisons across settings, the use of negative controls and natural experiments, which includes migration studies, studies of individuals conceived using in vitro fertilisation and not least Mendelian randomisation. We have illustrated these approaches using examples of behavioural and psychiatric disorders. Conclusion By having these approaches outlined together in one review, researchers can consider which of these methods would be most suitable for their study question. We have particularly focussed on Mendelian randomisation, as this is a relatively novel concept, in doing so, we have illustrated the concept and discused the implementation and the limitations of this approach. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12127 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-10 (October 2013) . - p.1095-1108[article] Approaches for strengthening causal inference regarding prenatal risk factors for childhood behavioural and psychiatric disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah J. LEWIS, Auteur ; Caroline RELTON, Auteur ; Stanley ZAMMIT, Auteur ; George DAVEY SMITH, Auteur . - p.1095-1108.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-10 (October 2013) . - p.1095-1108
Mots-clés : Mendelian randomisation causal inference childhood behaviour psychiatric disorders instrumental variable analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The risk of childhood behavioural and psychiatric diseases could be substantially reduced if modifiable risk factors for these disorders were identified. The critical period for many of these exposures is likely to be in utero as this is the time when brain development is most rapid. However, due to confounding and other limitations of traditional epidemiological studies, identification of causal risk factors has proved challenging and on the whole research in this area has not been fruitful. Scope In this review, we highlight several alternative approaches including; comparisons across settings, the use of negative controls and natural experiments, which includes migration studies, studies of individuals conceived using in vitro fertilisation and not least Mendelian randomisation. We have illustrated these approaches using examples of behavioural and psychiatric disorders. Conclusion By having these approaches outlined together in one review, researchers can consider which of these methods would be most suitable for their study question. We have particularly focussed on Mendelian randomisation, as this is a relatively novel concept, in doing so, we have illustrated the concept and discused the implementation and the limitations of this approach. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12127 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212 Understanding environmental contributions to autism: Causal concepts and the state of science / I. HERTZ-PICCIOTTO in Autism Research, 11-4 (April 2018)
[article]
Titre : Understanding environmental contributions to autism: Causal concepts and the state of science Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : I. HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, Auteur ; Rebecca J. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; P. KRAKOWIAK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.554-586 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder causal inference diabetes environmental risk factors epigenetics gene-environment interaction nutrition pesticides pre- and peri-natal risk factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The complexity of neurodevelopment, the rapidity of early neurogenesis, and over 100 years of research identifying environmental influences on neurodevelopment serve as backdrop to understanding factors that influence risk and severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This Keynote Lecture, delivered at the May 2016 annual meeting of the International Society for Autism Research, describes concepts of causation, outlines the trajectory of research on nongenetic factors beginning in the 1960s, and briefly reviews the current state of this science. Causal concepts are introduced, including root causes; pitfalls in interpreting time trends as clues to etiologic factors; susceptible time windows for exposure; and implications of a multi-factorial model of ASD. An historical background presents early research into the origins of ASD. The epidemiologic literature from the last fifteen years is briefly but critically reviewed for potential roles of, for example, air pollution, pesticides, plastics, prenatal vitamins, lifestyle and family factors, and maternal obstetric and metabolic conditions during her pregnancy. Three examples from the case-control CHildhood Autism Risks from Genes and the Environment Study are probed to illustrate methodological approaches to central challenges in observational studies: capturing environmental exposure; causal inference when a randomized controlled clinical trial is either unethical or infeasible; and the integration of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences on development. We conclude with reflections on future directions, including exposomics, new technologies, the microbiome, gene-by-environment interaction in the era of -omics, and epigenetics as the interface of those two. As the environment is malleable, this research advances the goal of a productive and fulfilling life for all children, teen-agers and adults. Autism Res 2018, 11: 554-586. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This Keynote Lecture, delivered at the 2016 meeting of the International Society for Autism Research, discusses evidence from human epidemiologic studies of prenatal factors contributing to autism, such as pesticides, maternal nutrition and her health. There is no single cause for autism. Examples highlight the features of a high-quality epidemiology study, and what comprises a compelling case for causation. Emergent research directions hold promise for identifying potential interventions to reduce disabilities, enhance giftedness, and improve lives of those with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1938 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=358
in Autism Research > 11-4 (April 2018) . - p.554-586[article] Understanding environmental contributions to autism: Causal concepts and the state of science [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / I. HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, Auteur ; Rebecca J. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; P. KRAKOWIAK, Auteur . - p.554-586.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 11-4 (April 2018) . - p.554-586
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder causal inference diabetes environmental risk factors epigenetics gene-environment interaction nutrition pesticides pre- and peri-natal risk factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The complexity of neurodevelopment, the rapidity of early neurogenesis, and over 100 years of research identifying environmental influences on neurodevelopment serve as backdrop to understanding factors that influence risk and severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This Keynote Lecture, delivered at the May 2016 annual meeting of the International Society for Autism Research, describes concepts of causation, outlines the trajectory of research on nongenetic factors beginning in the 1960s, and briefly reviews the current state of this science. Causal concepts are introduced, including root causes; pitfalls in interpreting time trends as clues to etiologic factors; susceptible time windows for exposure; and implications of a multi-factorial model of ASD. An historical background presents early research into the origins of ASD. The epidemiologic literature from the last fifteen years is briefly but critically reviewed for potential roles of, for example, air pollution, pesticides, plastics, prenatal vitamins, lifestyle and family factors, and maternal obstetric and metabolic conditions during her pregnancy. Three examples from the case-control CHildhood Autism Risks from Genes and the Environment Study are probed to illustrate methodological approaches to central challenges in observational studies: capturing environmental exposure; causal inference when a randomized controlled clinical trial is either unethical or infeasible; and the integration of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences on development. We conclude with reflections on future directions, including exposomics, new technologies, the microbiome, gene-by-environment interaction in the era of -omics, and epigenetics as the interface of those two. As the environment is malleable, this research advances the goal of a productive and fulfilling life for all children, teen-agers and adults. Autism Res 2018, 11: 554-586. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This Keynote Lecture, delivered at the 2016 meeting of the International Society for Autism Research, discusses evidence from human epidemiologic studies of prenatal factors contributing to autism, such as pesticides, maternal nutrition and her health. There is no single cause for autism. Examples highlight the features of a high-quality epidemiology study, and what comprises a compelling case for causation. Emergent research directions hold promise for identifying potential interventions to reduce disabilities, enhance giftedness, and improve lives of those with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1938 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=358 Annual Research Review: Maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopmental problems - a critical review and recommendations for future research / A. C. SUJAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-4 (April 2019)
[article]
Titre : Annual Research Review: Maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopmental problems - a critical review and recommendations for future research Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. C. SUJAN, Auteur ; A. S. OBERG, Auteur ; P. D. QUINN, Auteur ; B. M. D'ONOFRIO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.356-376 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Antidepressants attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder autism spectrum disorder causal inference neurodevelopmental problems pregnancy prenatal antidepressant exposure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children of women treated with antidepressants during pregnancy are more likely to develop neurodevelopmental problems than are unexposed children. Associations between prenatal antidepressant exposure and neurodevelopmental problems could reflect a causal effect or could be partially or fully explained by other factors that differ between exposed and unexposed offspring, including having mothers with conditions requiring antidepressant treatment (e.g. depression), environmental risk factors, and/or genetic risk factors shared across disorders. This translational review aims to provide a brief overview of findings from rodent experiments and critically evaluate observational studies in humans to assess the extent to which associations between prenatal antidepressant exposure and neurodevelopmental problems are due to causal mechanisms versus other influences. We focus our review on two important neurodevelopmental outcomes - autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In general, rodent studies have reported adverse effects of perinatal antidepressant exposure on neurodevelopment. Between-species differences raise questions about the generalizability of these findings to humans. Indeed, converging evidence from studies using multiple designs and approaches suggest that observed associations between prenatal antidepressant exposure and neurodevelopmental problems in humans are largely due to confounding factors. We also provide specific recommendations for future research. Animal research should explicitly evaluate the impact of timing of exposure and dosage of medications, as well as better map outcome measures in rodents to human neurodevelopmental problems. Observational studies should investigate specific confounding factors, specific antidepressant drugs and classes, the potential impact of timing of exposure, and a wider range of other potential offspring outcomes. The findings summarized in this review may help women and their doctors make informed decisions about antidepressant use during pregnancy by providing reassurance that use of these medications during pregnancy is unlikely to substantially increase the risk of ASD and ADHD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=388
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-4 (April 2019) . - p.356-376[article] Annual Research Review: Maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopmental problems - a critical review and recommendations for future research [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. C. SUJAN, Auteur ; A. S. OBERG, Auteur ; P. D. QUINN, Auteur ; B. M. D'ONOFRIO, Auteur . - p.356-376.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-4 (April 2019) . - p.356-376
Mots-clés : Antidepressants attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder autism spectrum disorder causal inference neurodevelopmental problems pregnancy prenatal antidepressant exposure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children of women treated with antidepressants during pregnancy are more likely to develop neurodevelopmental problems than are unexposed children. Associations between prenatal antidepressant exposure and neurodevelopmental problems could reflect a causal effect or could be partially or fully explained by other factors that differ between exposed and unexposed offspring, including having mothers with conditions requiring antidepressant treatment (e.g. depression), environmental risk factors, and/or genetic risk factors shared across disorders. This translational review aims to provide a brief overview of findings from rodent experiments and critically evaluate observational studies in humans to assess the extent to which associations between prenatal antidepressant exposure and neurodevelopmental problems are due to causal mechanisms versus other influences. We focus our review on two important neurodevelopmental outcomes - autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In general, rodent studies have reported adverse effects of perinatal antidepressant exposure on neurodevelopment. Between-species differences raise questions about the generalizability of these findings to humans. Indeed, converging evidence from studies using multiple designs and approaches suggest that observed associations between prenatal antidepressant exposure and neurodevelopmental problems in humans are largely due to confounding factors. We also provide specific recommendations for future research. Animal research should explicitly evaluate the impact of timing of exposure and dosage of medications, as well as better map outcome measures in rodents to human neurodevelopmental problems. Observational studies should investigate specific confounding factors, specific antidepressant drugs and classes, the potential impact of timing of exposure, and a wider range of other potential offspring outcomes. The findings summarized in this review may help women and their doctors make informed decisions about antidepressant use during pregnancy by providing reassurance that use of these medications during pregnancy is unlikely to substantially increase the risk of ASD and ADHD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=388 Judgments of Cause and Blame: Sensitivity to Intentionality in Asperger’s Syndrome / Shelley CHANNON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41-11 (November 2011)
[article]
Titre : Judgments of Cause and Blame: Sensitivity to Intentionality in Asperger’s Syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Shelley CHANNON, Auteur ; David LAGNADO, Auteur ; Sian FITZPATRICK, Auteur ; Helena DRURY, Auteur ; Isabelle TAYLOR, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.1534-1542 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Moral judgment Mentalising Theory of mind Causal inference Asperger’s syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sensitivity to intentionality in people with Asperger’s syndrome (AS) and matched controls was investigated using two scenario-based tasks. The first compared intentional and unintentional human actions and physical events leading to the same negative outcomes. The second compared intentional actions that varied in their subjective and objective likelihood of bringing about a negative outcome. Whilst adults with AS did not differ from controls in their judgments of causality, or in their blame judgments in relation to non-mentalistic factors, they showed heightened sensitivity to mentalistic considerations in their attributions of blame. They made greater differentiation than controls between intentional and unintentional actions, and also between actions that the protagonists believed to be likely versus unlikely to lead to negative consequences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1180-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=147
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-11 (November 2011) . - p.1534-1542[article] Judgments of Cause and Blame: Sensitivity to Intentionality in Asperger’s Syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Shelley CHANNON, Auteur ; David LAGNADO, Auteur ; Sian FITZPATRICK, Auteur ; Helena DRURY, Auteur ; Isabelle TAYLOR, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.1534-1542.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-11 (November 2011) . - p.1534-1542
Mots-clés : Moral judgment Mentalising Theory of mind Causal inference Asperger’s syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sensitivity to intentionality in people with Asperger’s syndrome (AS) and matched controls was investigated using two scenario-based tasks. The first compared intentional and unintentional human actions and physical events leading to the same negative outcomes. The second compared intentional actions that varied in their subjective and objective likelihood of bringing about a negative outcome. Whilst adults with AS did not differ from controls in their judgments of causality, or in their blame judgments in relation to non-mentalistic factors, they showed heightened sensitivity to mentalistic considerations in their attributions of blame. They made greater differentiation than controls between intentional and unintentional actions, and also between actions that the protagonists believed to be likely versus unlikely to lead to negative consequences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1180-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=147