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Over-Selectivity is Related to Autism Quotient and Empathizing, But not to Systematizing / Phil REED in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-4 (April 2017)
[article]
Titre : Over-Selectivity is Related to Autism Quotient and Empathizing, But not to Systematizing Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Phil REED, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1030-1037 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Over-selectivity Autism quotient Empathizing quotient Systematizing quotient Broad autistic phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The relationships of autism quotient (AQ), systematizing (SQ), and empathizing (EQ), with over-selectivity were explored to assess whether over-selectivity is implicated in complex social skills, which has been assumed, but not experimentally examined. Eighty participants (aged 18–60) were trained on a simultaneous discrimination task (AB+CD?), and tested in extinction on the degree to which they had learned about both elements of the reinforced (AB) compound. Higher AQ and lower EQ scorers demonstrated greater over-selectivity, but there was no relationship between SQ and over-selectivity. These results imply that high AQ scorers perform similarly to individuals with ASD on this cognitive task, and that over-selectivity may be related to some complex social skills, like empathy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2990-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=304
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-4 (April 2017) . - p.1030-1037[article] Over-Selectivity is Related to Autism Quotient and Empathizing, But not to Systematizing [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Phil REED, Auteur . - p.1030-1037.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-4 (April 2017) . - p.1030-1037
Mots-clés : Over-selectivity Autism quotient Empathizing quotient Systematizing quotient Broad autistic phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The relationships of autism quotient (AQ), systematizing (SQ), and empathizing (EQ), with over-selectivity were explored to assess whether over-selectivity is implicated in complex social skills, which has been assumed, but not experimentally examined. Eighty participants (aged 18–60) were trained on a simultaneous discrimination task (AB+CD?), and tested in extinction on the degree to which they had learned about both elements of the reinforced (AB) compound. Higher AQ and lower EQ scorers demonstrated greater over-selectivity, but there was no relationship between SQ and over-selectivity. These results imply that high AQ scorers perform similarly to individuals with ASD on this cognitive task, and that over-selectivity may be related to some complex social skills, like empathy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2990-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=304 Brief Report: The Effect of Delayed Matching to Sample on Stimulus Over-Selectivity / Phil REED in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-7 (July 2012)
[article]
Titre : Brief Report: The Effect of Delayed Matching to Sample on Stimulus Over-Selectivity Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Phil REED, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.1515-1519 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Over-selectivity Delayed matching to sample Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Stimulus over-selectivity occurs when one aspect of the environment controls behavior at the expense of other equally salient aspects. Participants were trained on a match-to-sample (MTS) discrimination task. Levels of over-selectivity in a group of children (4–18 years) with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) were compared with a mental-aged matched typically-developing group. There was more over-selectivity in the ASD group. When retention intervals were added between the sample and comparisons in the MTS task, both groups showed an increased level of over-selectivity, with the ASD group showing a more pronounced effect. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1374-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=166
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-7 (July 2012) . - p.1515-1519[article] Brief Report: The Effect of Delayed Matching to Sample on Stimulus Over-Selectivity [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Phil REED, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.1515-1519.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-7 (July 2012) . - p.1515-1519
Mots-clés : Over-selectivity Delayed matching to sample Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Stimulus over-selectivity occurs when one aspect of the environment controls behavior at the expense of other equally salient aspects. Participants were trained on a match-to-sample (MTS) discrimination task. Levels of over-selectivity in a group of children (4–18 years) with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) were compared with a mental-aged matched typically-developing group. There was more over-selectivity in the ASD group. When retention intervals were added between the sample and comparisons in the MTS task, both groups showed an increased level of over-selectivity, with the ASD group showing a more pronounced effect. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1374-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=166 Stimulus Over-Selectivity and Extinction-Induced Recovery of Performance as a Product of Intellectual Impairment and Autism Severity / Michelle P. KELLY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-10 (October 2015)
[article]
Titre : Stimulus Over-Selectivity and Extinction-Induced Recovery of Performance as a Product of Intellectual Impairment and Autism Severity Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michelle P. KELLY, Auteur ; Geraldine LEADER, Auteur ; Phil REED, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3098-3106 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Over-selectivity Extinction Comparator deficit Intellectual impairment Autism severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The current experiment investigated the extent to which three variables (autism severity, nonverbal intellectual functioning, and verbal intellectual functioning) are associated with over-selective responding in a group of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This paper also analyzed the association of these three variables with the recovery of responding to a previously under-selected stimulus following extinction of the previously over-selected stimulus. The results demonstrated that participants showed over-selectivity, and demonstrated that extinction of the over-selected stimulus led to recovery of responding to the previously under-selected stimulus. For both over-selectivity, and recovery from over-selectivity, verbal functioning appeared to predict the effects most strongly, with greater over-selectivity in the lower functioning individuals, and greater recovery in the higher functioning individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2466-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=267
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-10 (October 2015) . - p.3098-3106[article] Stimulus Over-Selectivity and Extinction-Induced Recovery of Performance as a Product of Intellectual Impairment and Autism Severity [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michelle P. KELLY, Auteur ; Geraldine LEADER, Auteur ; Phil REED, Auteur . - p.3098-3106.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-10 (October 2015) . - p.3098-3106
Mots-clés : Over-selectivity Extinction Comparator deficit Intellectual impairment Autism severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The current experiment investigated the extent to which three variables (autism severity, nonverbal intellectual functioning, and verbal intellectual functioning) are associated with over-selective responding in a group of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This paper also analyzed the association of these three variables with the recovery of responding to a previously under-selected stimulus following extinction of the previously over-selected stimulus. The results demonstrated that participants showed over-selectivity, and demonstrated that extinction of the over-selected stimulus led to recovery of responding to the previously under-selected stimulus. For both over-selectivity, and recovery from over-selectivity, verbal functioning appeared to predict the effects most strongly, with greater over-selectivity in the lower functioning individuals, and greater recovery in the higher functioning individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2466-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=267 Unpredictability reduces over-selective responding of individuals with ASD who have language impairments / Phil REED in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 57 (January 2019)
[article]
Titre : Unpredictability reduces over-selective responding of individuals with ASD who have language impairments Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Phil REED, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.35-45 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Over-selectivity Unpredictability Partial reinforcement Reinforcement reduction Remediation of over-selectivity ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The phenomenon whereby behavior becomes controlled by one aspect of the environment at the expense of other equally-salient aspects of the environment (stimulus over-selectivity) is extremely common in many with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, the theoretical mechanisms underpinning over-selectivity and its remediation are not well understood. Four experiments explored whether principles derived from associability accounts of learning, notably the concept of uncertainty, might allow better theoretical understanding of the phenomenon. Method: Participants with ASD who had language impairments received simultaneous discrimination training (AB+/CD?), and were tested in extinction regarding the degree to which the separate elements (A and B) of the previously reinforced compound (AB+) controlled behavior. Results: All experiments established the presence of over-selectivity; choosing one stimulus element to a greater-extent than the other. In Experiments 1 and 2, relative to a 100% feedback schedule, over-selectivity reduced when a 50%, but not a 25%, schedule of feedback was used. In Experiment 3, prolonged schedule exposure reduced over-selectivity. In Experiment 4, change from a 100% to a 33% schedule did not reduce over-selectivity. Conclusions: These results suggest that unpredictability, rather than variability per se, or reinforcement reduction and change, reduces over-selectivity. This suggests that attentional mechanisms, especially uncertainty, may play a role in this phenomenon during its acquisition and remediation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.10.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 57 (January 2019) . - p.35-45[article] Unpredictability reduces over-selective responding of individuals with ASD who have language impairments [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Phil REED, Auteur . - p.35-45.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 57 (January 2019) . - p.35-45
Mots-clés : Over-selectivity Unpredictability Partial reinforcement Reinforcement reduction Remediation of over-selectivity ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The phenomenon whereby behavior becomes controlled by one aspect of the environment at the expense of other equally-salient aspects of the environment (stimulus over-selectivity) is extremely common in many with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, the theoretical mechanisms underpinning over-selectivity and its remediation are not well understood. Four experiments explored whether principles derived from associability accounts of learning, notably the concept of uncertainty, might allow better theoretical understanding of the phenomenon. Method: Participants with ASD who had language impairments received simultaneous discrimination training (AB+/CD?), and were tested in extinction regarding the degree to which the separate elements (A and B) of the previously reinforced compound (AB+) controlled behavior. Results: All experiments established the presence of over-selectivity; choosing one stimulus element to a greater-extent than the other. In Experiments 1 and 2, relative to a 100% feedback schedule, over-selectivity reduced when a 50%, but not a 25%, schedule of feedback was used. In Experiment 3, prolonged schedule exposure reduced over-selectivity. In Experiment 4, change from a 100% to a 33% schedule did not reduce over-selectivity. Conclusions: These results suggest that unpredictability, rather than variability per se, or reinforcement reduction and change, reduces over-selectivity. This suggests that attentional mechanisms, especially uncertainty, may play a role in this phenomenon during its acquisition and remediation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.10.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371