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Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) brain activity during a mental flexibility task suggests some shared neurobiology in children with neurodevelopmental disorders / A. MOGADAM in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 11-1 (December 2019)
[article]
Titre : Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) brain activity during a mental flexibility task suggests some shared neurobiology in children with neurodevelopmental disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. MOGADAM, Auteur ; A. E. KELLER, Auteur ; P. D. ARNOLD, Auteur ; Russell SCHACHAR, Auteur ; J. P. LERCH, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur ; Elizabeth W. PANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : 19 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adhd Asd Corticostriatal projections Executive function Meg Neurodevelopmental disorders Ocd Rbs-r Set shifting Tocs Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) exhibit a shared phenotype that involves executive dysfunctions including impairments in mental flexibility (MF). It is of interest to understand if this phenotype stems from some shared neurobiology. METHODS: To investigate this possibility, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) neuroimaging to compare brain activity in children (n = 88; 8-15 years) with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), as they completed a set-shifting/mental flexibility task. RESULTS: Neuroimaging results revealed a similar parietal activation profile across the NDD, groups suggesting a link to their shared phenotype. Differences in frontal activity differentiated the three clinical groups. Brain-behaviour analyses showed a link with repetitive behaviours suggesting shared dysfunction in the associative loop of the corticostriatal system. CONCLUSION: Our study supports the notion that NDDs may exist along a complex phenotypic/biological continuum. All NDD groups showed a sustained parietal activity profile suggesting that they share a strong reliance on the posterior parietal cortices to complete the mental flexibility task; future studies could elucidate whether this is due to delayed brain development or compensatory functioning. The differences in frontal activity may play a role in differentiating the NDDs. The OCD group showed sustained prefrontal activity that may be reflective of hyperfrontality. The ASD group showed reduced frontal activation suggestive of frontal dysfunction and the ADHD group showed an extensive hypoactivity that included frontal and parietal regions. Brain-behaviour analyses showed a significant correlation with repetitive behaviours which may reflect dysfunction in the associative loop of the corticostriatal system, linked to inflexible behaviours. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-019-9280-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=409
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 11-1 (December 2019) . - 19 p.[article] Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) brain activity during a mental flexibility task suggests some shared neurobiology in children with neurodevelopmental disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. MOGADAM, Auteur ; A. E. KELLER, Auteur ; P. D. ARNOLD, Auteur ; Russell SCHACHAR, Auteur ; J. P. LERCH, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur ; Elizabeth W. PANG, Auteur . - 19 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 11-1 (December 2019) . - 19 p.
Mots-clés : Adhd Asd Corticostriatal projections Executive function Meg Neurodevelopmental disorders Ocd Rbs-r Set shifting Tocs Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) exhibit a shared phenotype that involves executive dysfunctions including impairments in mental flexibility (MF). It is of interest to understand if this phenotype stems from some shared neurobiology. METHODS: To investigate this possibility, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) neuroimaging to compare brain activity in children (n = 88; 8-15 years) with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), as they completed a set-shifting/mental flexibility task. RESULTS: Neuroimaging results revealed a similar parietal activation profile across the NDD, groups suggesting a link to their shared phenotype. Differences in frontal activity differentiated the three clinical groups. Brain-behaviour analyses showed a link with repetitive behaviours suggesting shared dysfunction in the associative loop of the corticostriatal system. CONCLUSION: Our study supports the notion that NDDs may exist along a complex phenotypic/biological continuum. All NDD groups showed a sustained parietal activity profile suggesting that they share a strong reliance on the posterior parietal cortices to complete the mental flexibility task; future studies could elucidate whether this is due to delayed brain development or compensatory functioning. The differences in frontal activity may play a role in differentiating the NDDs. The OCD group showed sustained prefrontal activity that may be reflective of hyperfrontality. The ASD group showed reduced frontal activation suggestive of frontal dysfunction and the ADHD group showed an extensive hypoactivity that included frontal and parietal regions. Brain-behaviour analyses showed a significant correlation with repetitive behaviours which may reflect dysfunction in the associative loop of the corticostriatal system, linked to inflexible behaviours. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-019-9280-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=409 Brief Report: Executive Function as a Predictor of Academic Achievement in School-Aged Children with ASD / T. ST JOHN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-1 (January 2018)
[article]
Titre : Brief Report: Executive Function as a Predictor of Academic Achievement in School-Aged Children with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. ST JOHN, Auteur ; G. DAWSON, Auteur ; A. ESTES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.276-283 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Academic achievement Autism Inhibition Math Set shifting Working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The contributions of Executive Function (EF) to academic achievement in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are not well understood. Academic achievement and its association with EF is described in 32, 9-year-old children with ASD. EF at age 6 and 9, and academic achievement at age 9 were assessed as part of a larger longitudinal study. Better performance on a Spatial Reversal task but not A-not-B with Invisible Displacement at age 6 was associated with better math achievement at age 9. No relationship was found between these EF measures at age 6 and reading or spelling achievement at age 9. Future studies are needed to explore whether improving early EF skills can increase math achievement in children with ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3296-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=337
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-1 (January 2018) . - p.276-283[article] Brief Report: Executive Function as a Predictor of Academic Achievement in School-Aged Children with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. ST JOHN, Auteur ; G. DAWSON, Auteur ; A. ESTES, Auteur . - p.276-283.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-1 (January 2018) . - p.276-283
Mots-clés : Academic achievement Autism Inhibition Math Set shifting Working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The contributions of Executive Function (EF) to academic achievement in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are not well understood. Academic achievement and its association with EF is described in 32, 9-year-old children with ASD. EF at age 6 and 9, and academic achievement at age 9 were assessed as part of a larger longitudinal study. Better performance on a Spatial Reversal task but not A-not-B with Invisible Displacement at age 6 was associated with better math achievement at age 9. No relationship was found between these EF measures at age 6 and reading or spelling achievement at age 9. Future studies are needed to explore whether improving early EF skills can increase math achievement in children with ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3296-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=337 Examination of Stimulus Over-Selectivity in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Relationship to Stereotyped Behaviors and Cognitive Flexibility / M. P. KELLY in Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 36-1 (March 2021)
[article]
Titre : Examination of Stimulus Over-Selectivity in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Relationship to Stereotyped Behaviors and Cognitive Flexibility Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. P. KELLY, Auteur ; P. REED, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.47-56 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : stimulus over-selectivity stereotyped behavior cognitive flexibility set shifting intellectual impairment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Stimulus over-selectivity describes a phenomenon in which an individual responds only to a subset of the stimuli present in the environment and, thus, may restrict learning. This study aimed to develop understanding of the nature and role of over-selectivity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by analyzing the relationship of over-selectivity to core deficits of ASD: stereotyped responding and inflexibility. Over-selectivity was investigated in a visual discrimination task in 24 children, 12 diagnosed with ASD and 12 mental-age-matched typically developing children. In addition, the participants’ levels of intellectual functioning, stereotypy, and cognitive flexibility were assessed using established tools. Results showed that over-selectivity was associated with IQ and stereotyped behavior but was not related to levels of cognitive flexibility nor did cognitive flexibility significantly correlate with stereotyped behavior in individuals with ASD. The current findings require consideration when designing behavioral interventions for individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088357620943504 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441
in Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities > 36-1 (March 2021) . - p.47-56[article] Examination of Stimulus Over-Selectivity in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Relationship to Stereotyped Behaviors and Cognitive Flexibility [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. P. KELLY, Auteur ; P. REED, Auteur . - p.47-56.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities > 36-1 (March 2021) . - p.47-56
Mots-clés : stimulus over-selectivity stereotyped behavior cognitive flexibility set shifting intellectual impairment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Stimulus over-selectivity describes a phenomenon in which an individual responds only to a subset of the stimuli present in the environment and, thus, may restrict learning. This study aimed to develop understanding of the nature and role of over-selectivity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by analyzing the relationship of over-selectivity to core deficits of ASD: stereotyped responding and inflexibility. Over-selectivity was investigated in a visual discrimination task in 24 children, 12 diagnosed with ASD and 12 mental-age-matched typically developing children. In addition, the participants’ levels of intellectual functioning, stereotypy, and cognitive flexibility were assessed using established tools. Results showed that over-selectivity was associated with IQ and stereotyped behavior but was not related to levels of cognitive flexibility nor did cognitive flexibility significantly correlate with stereotyped behavior in individuals with ASD. The current findings require consideration when designing behavioral interventions for individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088357620943504 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441