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Research Review: The shared environment as a key source of variability in child and adolescent psychopathology / S. Alexandra BURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-4 (April 2014)
[article]
Titre : Research Review: The shared environment as a key source of variability in child and adolescent psychopathology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. Alexandra BURT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.304-312 Mots-clés : Shared environment genetics genetically informed studies internalizing externalizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Behavioral genetic research has historically concluded that the more important environmental influences were nonshared or result in differences between siblings, whereas environmental influences that create similarities between siblings (referred to as shared environmental influences) were indistinguishable from zero. Recent theoretical and meta-analytic work {Burt. Psychological Bulletin [135 (2009) 608]} has challenged this conclusion as it relates to child and adolescent psychopathology, however, arguing that the shared environment is a moderate, persistent, and identifiable source of individual differences in such outcomes prior to adulthood. Methods The current review seeks to bolster research on the shared environment by highlighting both the logistic advantages inherent in studies of the shared environment, as well as the use of nontraditional but still genetically informed research designs to study shared environmental influences. Results Although often moderate in magnitude prior to adulthood and free of unsystematic measurement error, shared environmental influences are nevertheless likely to have been underestimated in prior research. Moreover, the shared environment is likely to include proximal effects of the family, as well as the effects of more distal environmental contexts such as neighborhood and school. These risk and protective factors could influence the child either as main effects or as moderators of genetic influence (i.e. gene-environment interactions). Finally, because the absence of genetic relatedness in an otherwise nonindependent dataset also qualifies as ‘genetically informed’, studies of the shared environment are amenable to the use of novel and non-traditional designs (with appropriate controls for selection). Conclusions The shared environment makes important contributions to most forms of child and adolescent psychopathology. Empirical examinations of the shared environment would thus be of real and critical value for understanding the development and persistence of common mental health issues prior to adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12173 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=229
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-4 (April 2014) . - p.304-312[article] Research Review: The shared environment as a key source of variability in child and adolescent psychopathology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. Alexandra BURT, Auteur . - p.304-312.
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-4 (April 2014) . - p.304-312
Mots-clés : Shared environment genetics genetically informed studies internalizing externalizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Behavioral genetic research has historically concluded that the more important environmental influences were nonshared or result in differences between siblings, whereas environmental influences that create similarities between siblings (referred to as shared environmental influences) were indistinguishable from zero. Recent theoretical and meta-analytic work {Burt. Psychological Bulletin [135 (2009) 608]} has challenged this conclusion as it relates to child and adolescent psychopathology, however, arguing that the shared environment is a moderate, persistent, and identifiable source of individual differences in such outcomes prior to adulthood. Methods The current review seeks to bolster research on the shared environment by highlighting both the logistic advantages inherent in studies of the shared environment, as well as the use of nontraditional but still genetically informed research designs to study shared environmental influences. Results Although often moderate in magnitude prior to adulthood and free of unsystematic measurement error, shared environmental influences are nevertheless likely to have been underestimated in prior research. Moreover, the shared environment is likely to include proximal effects of the family, as well as the effects of more distal environmental contexts such as neighborhood and school. These risk and protective factors could influence the child either as main effects or as moderators of genetic influence (i.e. gene-environment interactions). Finally, because the absence of genetic relatedness in an otherwise nonindependent dataset also qualifies as ‘genetically informed’, studies of the shared environment are amenable to the use of novel and non-traditional designs (with appropriate controls for selection). Conclusions The shared environment makes important contributions to most forms of child and adolescent psychopathology. Empirical examinations of the shared environment would thus be of real and critical value for understanding the development and persistence of common mental health issues prior to adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12173 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=229 Confirming the etiology of adolescent acting-out behaviors: an examination of observer-ratings in a sample of adoptive and biological siblings / S. Alexandra BURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-5 (May 2011)
[article]
Titre : Confirming the etiology of adolescent acting-out behaviors: an examination of observer-ratings in a sample of adoptive and biological siblings Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. Alexandra BURT, Auteur ; Ashlea M. KLAHR, Auteur ; Martha A. RUETER, Auteur ; Matt MCGUE, Auteur ; William G. IACONO, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.519-526 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Shared environment antisocial behavior adoption design observer-ratings Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: A recent meta-analysis revealed moderate shared environmental influences (C) on most forms of child and adolescent psychopathology (Burt, 2009), including antisocial behavior. Critically, however, the research analyzed in this meta-analysis relied largely on specific informant-reports (and particularly parent and child reports), each of which is subject to various sources of rater bias. Observer-ratings of children’s behaviors avoid many of these biases, and are thus well suited to verify the presence of C. Given this, we sought to buttress the evidence supporting C in two key ways. First, we sought to confirm that C contributes to observer-ratings in a sample of adoptive siblings, as similarity between adoptive siblings constitutes a ‘direct’ estimate of C. Second, we sought to confirm that these shared environmental influences persist across informants (i.e., the effects are not specific to the rater or the context in question).
Methods: The current study examined the etiology of observer-ratings of acting-out behaviors, as well as sources of etiological overlap across observer-ratings, adolescent self-report and maternal-report in sample of over 600 biological and adoptive sibling pairs from the Sibling Interaction and Behavior Study (SIBS).
Results: Results revealed moderate and significant shared environmental influences on observer-ratings (31%), as well as on the other informant-reports (20–23%). Moreover, a portion of these effects overlapped across measures (C correlations ranged from .32 to .34).
Conclusions: Such findings argue against passive gene–environment correlations (rGE) and rater bias as primary explanations for earlier findings of C on antisocial behavior, and in this way, offer a critical extension of prior work indicating that the role of shared environmental influences on child and adolescent antisocial behavior was dismissed too soon.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02334.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-5 (May 2011) . - p.519-526[article] Confirming the etiology of adolescent acting-out behaviors: an examination of observer-ratings in a sample of adoptive and biological siblings [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. Alexandra BURT, Auteur ; Ashlea M. KLAHR, Auteur ; Martha A. RUETER, Auteur ; Matt MCGUE, Auteur ; William G. IACONO, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.519-526.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-5 (May 2011) . - p.519-526
Mots-clés : Shared environment antisocial behavior adoption design observer-ratings Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: A recent meta-analysis revealed moderate shared environmental influences (C) on most forms of child and adolescent psychopathology (Burt, 2009), including antisocial behavior. Critically, however, the research analyzed in this meta-analysis relied largely on specific informant-reports (and particularly parent and child reports), each of which is subject to various sources of rater bias. Observer-ratings of children’s behaviors avoid many of these biases, and are thus well suited to verify the presence of C. Given this, we sought to buttress the evidence supporting C in two key ways. First, we sought to confirm that C contributes to observer-ratings in a sample of adoptive siblings, as similarity between adoptive siblings constitutes a ‘direct’ estimate of C. Second, we sought to confirm that these shared environmental influences persist across informants (i.e., the effects are not specific to the rater or the context in question).
Methods: The current study examined the etiology of observer-ratings of acting-out behaviors, as well as sources of etiological overlap across observer-ratings, adolescent self-report and maternal-report in sample of over 600 biological and adoptive sibling pairs from the Sibling Interaction and Behavior Study (SIBS).
Results: Results revealed moderate and significant shared environmental influences on observer-ratings (31%), as well as on the other informant-reports (20–23%). Moreover, a portion of these effects overlapped across measures (C correlations ranged from .32 to .34).
Conclusions: Such findings argue against passive gene–environment correlations (rGE) and rater bias as primary explanations for earlier findings of C on antisocial behavior, and in this way, offer a critical extension of prior work indicating that the role of shared environmental influences on child and adolescent antisocial behavior was dismissed too soon.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02334.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121