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Short-Term Memory Span and Cross-Modality Integration in Younger and Older Adults With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder / Melanie RING in Autism Research, 13-11 (November 2020)
[article]
Titre : Short-Term Memory Span and Cross-Modality Integration in Younger and Older Adults With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Melanie RING, Auteur ; Bérengère GUILLERY-GIRARD, Auteur ; Peggy QUINETTE, Auteur ; Sebastian B GAIGG, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1970-1984 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder binding integration short-term memory span Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study tested whether adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show the same pattern of difficulties and absence of age-related differences in short-term memory (STM) as those that have been reported in episodic long-term memory (LTM). Fifty-three adults with ASD (age range: 25-65?years) were compared to 52 age-, biological sex-, and intelligence-matched typically developing (TD; age range: 21-67?years) adults on three STM span tasks, which tested STM performance for letters (Verbal), grid locations (Visuospatial), or letters in grid locations (Multimodal). A subsample of 34 TD and 33 ASD participants ranging in age from 25 to 64?years completed a fourth Multimodal Integration task. We also administered the Color Trails Test as a measure of executive function. ASD participants' accuracy was lower than that of the TD participants on the three span tasks (Cohen's d: 0.26-0.50). The Integration task difference was marginally significant (p = .07) but had a moderate effect size (Cohen's d = 0.50). Regression analyses confirmed reduced STM performance only for older TD participants. Analyses also indicated that executive processes played a greater role in the ASD group's performance. The demonstration of similar difficulties and age-related patterning of STM in ASD to those documented for LTM and the greater recruitment of executive processes by older ASD participants on the Integration task suggest a compensatory role of frontal processes both as a means of achieving undiminished task performance and as a possible protection against older age cognitive decline in ASD. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm this. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1970-1984. © 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. LAY SUMMARY: Little is known about short-term memory (STM) in younger and older adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study tested different kinds of STM and showed that ASD adults remembered shorter sequences of letters, crosses, or letters in grid cells less well than matched participants with typical development. However, older ASD individuals performed similarly to younger ASD individuals, nor showing the reduction in performance usually seen with older age. The data suggest that ASD individuals use different underlying mechanisms when performing the tasks and that this might help protect their memory as they grow older. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2387 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433
in Autism Research > 13-11 (November 2020) . - p.1970-1984[article] Short-Term Memory Span and Cross-Modality Integration in Younger and Older Adults With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Melanie RING, Auteur ; Bérengère GUILLERY-GIRARD, Auteur ; Peggy QUINETTE, Auteur ; Sebastian B GAIGG, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur . - p.1970-1984.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 13-11 (November 2020) . - p.1970-1984
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder binding integration short-term memory span Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study tested whether adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show the same pattern of difficulties and absence of age-related differences in short-term memory (STM) as those that have been reported in episodic long-term memory (LTM). Fifty-three adults with ASD (age range: 25-65?years) were compared to 52 age-, biological sex-, and intelligence-matched typically developing (TD; age range: 21-67?years) adults on three STM span tasks, which tested STM performance for letters (Verbal), grid locations (Visuospatial), or letters in grid locations (Multimodal). A subsample of 34 TD and 33 ASD participants ranging in age from 25 to 64?years completed a fourth Multimodal Integration task. We also administered the Color Trails Test as a measure of executive function. ASD participants' accuracy was lower than that of the TD participants on the three span tasks (Cohen's d: 0.26-0.50). The Integration task difference was marginally significant (p = .07) but had a moderate effect size (Cohen's d = 0.50). Regression analyses confirmed reduced STM performance only for older TD participants. Analyses also indicated that executive processes played a greater role in the ASD group's performance. The demonstration of similar difficulties and age-related patterning of STM in ASD to those documented for LTM and the greater recruitment of executive processes by older ASD participants on the Integration task suggest a compensatory role of frontal processes both as a means of achieving undiminished task performance and as a possible protection against older age cognitive decline in ASD. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm this. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1970-1984. © 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. LAY SUMMARY: Little is known about short-term memory (STM) in younger and older adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study tested different kinds of STM and showed that ASD adults remembered shorter sequences of letters, crosses, or letters in grid cells less well than matched participants with typical development. However, older ASD individuals performed similarly to younger ASD individuals, nor showing the reduction in performance usually seen with older age. The data suggest that ASD individuals use different underlying mechanisms when performing the tasks and that this might help protect their memory as they grow older. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2387 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 Verbal Short-term Memory Deficits in Down Syndrome: A Consequence of Problems in Rehearsal? / Christopher JARROLD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-2 (February 2000)
[article]
Titre : Verbal Short-term Memory Deficits in Down Syndrome: A Consequence of Problems in Rehearsal? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christopher JARROLD, Auteur ; Alan D. BADDELEY, Auteur ; Alexa K. HEWES, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.233-244 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Down syndrome short-term memory speech Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with Down syndrome suffer from relatively poor verbal short-term memory. Previous explanations of this deficit have been framed in terms of inefficient or absent rehearsal of verbal material in Down syndrome within the phonological loop component of Baddeley and Hitch's (1974) working memory model. Two experiments are presented which test this explanation by looking for the markers of rehearsal in children with Down syndrome and verbal mental age matched controls. Both experiments confirm that individuals with Down syndrome show poorer verbal short-term memory performance than controls. However, they rule out rehearsal as an explanation of these deficits because the evidence suggests that neither individuals with Down syndrome nor matched controls are engaging in spontaneous subvocal rehearsal. Other explanations of poor verbal short-term memory performance in Down syndrome, in terms of impairments both within and outside of the phonological loop system, are discussed. Practical implications for intervention strategies aimed at improving verbal short-term memory skills in Down syndrome are also outlined. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-2 (February 2000) . - p.233-244[article] Verbal Short-term Memory Deficits in Down Syndrome: A Consequence of Problems in Rehearsal? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christopher JARROLD, Auteur ; Alan D. BADDELEY, Auteur ; Alexa K. HEWES, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.233-244.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-2 (February 2000) . - p.233-244
Mots-clés : Down syndrome short-term memory speech Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with Down syndrome suffer from relatively poor verbal short-term memory. Previous explanations of this deficit have been framed in terms of inefficient or absent rehearsal of verbal material in Down syndrome within the phonological loop component of Baddeley and Hitch's (1974) working memory model. Two experiments are presented which test this explanation by looking for the markers of rehearsal in children with Down syndrome and verbal mental age matched controls. Both experiments confirm that individuals with Down syndrome show poorer verbal short-term memory performance than controls. However, they rule out rehearsal as an explanation of these deficits because the evidence suggests that neither individuals with Down syndrome nor matched controls are engaging in spontaneous subvocal rehearsal. Other explanations of poor verbal short-term memory performance in Down syndrome, in terms of impairments both within and outside of the phonological loop system, are discussed. Practical implications for intervention strategies aimed at improving verbal short-term memory skills in Down syndrome are also outlined. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 Dissociation of Cross-Sectional Trajectories for Verbal and Visuo-Spatial Working Memory Development in Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome / Jane WAITE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-6 (June 2016)
[article]
Titre : Dissociation of Cross-Sectional Trajectories for Verbal and Visuo-Spatial Working Memory Development in Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jane WAITE, Auteur ; Sarah R. BECK, Auteur ; Mary HEALD, Auteur ; Laurie POWIS, Auteur ; Chris OLIVER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2064-2071 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Working memory Short-term memory Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome Typically developing children Dissociation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Working memory (WM) impairments might amplify behavioural difference in genetic syndromes. Murine models of Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS) evidence memory impairments but there is limited research on memory in RTS. Individuals with RTS and typically developing children completed WM tasks, with participants with RTS completing an IQ assessment and parents/carers completing the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. A cross-sectional trajectory analysis was conducted. There were significant WM span deficits in RTS relative to mental age. Verbal WM span was positively associated with mental age; however, this was not observed for visuo-spatial span. There is a dissociation between WM domains in RTS. Individuals may have difficulties with tasks relying on WM span, above difficulties predicted by overall ability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2736-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2064-2071[article] Dissociation of Cross-Sectional Trajectories for Verbal and Visuo-Spatial Working Memory Development in Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jane WAITE, Auteur ; Sarah R. BECK, Auteur ; Mary HEALD, Auteur ; Laurie POWIS, Auteur ; Chris OLIVER, Auteur . - p.2064-2071.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2064-2071
Mots-clés : Working memory Short-term memory Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome Typically developing children Dissociation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Working memory (WM) impairments might amplify behavioural difference in genetic syndromes. Murine models of Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS) evidence memory impairments but there is limited research on memory in RTS. Individuals with RTS and typically developing children completed WM tasks, with participants with RTS completing an IQ assessment and parents/carers completing the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. A cross-sectional trajectory analysis was conducted. There were significant WM span deficits in RTS relative to mental age. Verbal WM span was positively associated with mental age; however, this was not observed for visuo-spatial span. There is a dissociation between WM domains in RTS. Individuals may have difficulties with tasks relying on WM span, above difficulties predicted by overall ability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2736-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288