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Viewing Social Scenes: A Visual Scan-Path Study Comparing Fragile X Syndrome and Williams Syndrome / Tracey A. WILLIAMS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-8 (August 2013)
[article]
Titre : Viewing Social Scenes: A Visual Scan-Path Study Comparing Fragile X Syndrome and Williams Syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tracey A. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Melanie A. PORTER, Auteur ; Robyn LANGDON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1880-1894 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Fragile X syndrome FXS Williams syndrome WS Social processing Attentional disengagement Attentional capture Eye-tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Williams syndrome (WS) are both genetic disorders which present with similar cognitive-behavioral problems, but distinct social phenotypes. Despite these social differences both syndromes display poor social relations which may result from abnormal social processing. This study aimed to manipulate the location of socially salient information within scenes to investigate the visual attentional mechanisms of: capture, disengagement, and/or general engagement. Findings revealed that individuals with FXS avoid social information presented centrally, at least initially. The WS findings, on the other hand, provided some evidence that difficulties with attentional disengagement, rather than attentional capture, may play a role in the WS social phenotype. These findings are discussed in relation to the distinct social phenotypes of these two disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1737-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=205
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-8 (August 2013) . - p.1880-1894[article] Viewing Social Scenes: A Visual Scan-Path Study Comparing Fragile X Syndrome and Williams Syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tracey A. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Melanie A. PORTER, Auteur ; Robyn LANGDON, Auteur . - p.1880-1894.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-8 (August 2013) . - p.1880-1894
Mots-clés : Fragile X syndrome FXS Williams syndrome WS Social processing Attentional disengagement Attentional capture Eye-tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Williams syndrome (WS) are both genetic disorders which present with similar cognitive-behavioral problems, but distinct social phenotypes. Despite these social differences both syndromes display poor social relations which may result from abnormal social processing. This study aimed to manipulate the location of socially salient information within scenes to investigate the visual attentional mechanisms of: capture, disengagement, and/or general engagement. Findings revealed that individuals with FXS avoid social information presented centrally, at least initially. The WS findings, on the other hand, provided some evidence that difficulties with attentional disengagement, rather than attentional capture, may play a role in the WS social phenotype. These findings are discussed in relation to the distinct social phenotypes of these two disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1737-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=205 Development of the Stanford Social Dimensions Scale: initial validation in autism spectrum disorder and in neurotypicals / J. M. PHILLIPS in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)
[article]
Titre : Development of the Stanford Social Dimensions Scale: initial validation in autism spectrum disorder and in neurotypicals Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. M. PHILLIPS, Auteur ; M. ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; R. K. SCHUCK, Auteur ; S. SCHAPP, Auteur ; E. M. SOLOMON, Auteur ; E. SALZMAN, Auteur ; Lauren ALLERHAND, Auteur ; R. A. LIBOVE, Auteur ; T. W. FRAZIER, Auteur ; A. Y. HARDAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 48 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Social motivation Social processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The aim of this paper was to provide an initial validation of a newly developed parent questionnaire-the Stanford Social Dimensions Scale (SSDS), designed to capture individual differences across several key social dimensions including social motivation in children and adolescents with and without psychiatric disorders. Methods: The initial validation sample was comprised of parents of 175 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (35 females, 140 males; M age = 7.19 years, SD age = 3.96) and the replication sample consisted of 624 parents of children who were either typically developing or presented with a range of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders (302 females, 322 males; M age = 11.49 years, SDage = 4.48). Parents from both samples completed the SSDS and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2). Results: Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling indicated that a 5-factor model provided adequate to excellent fit to the data in the initial ASD sample (comparative fit index [CFI] = .940, Tucker-Lewis Index [TLI] = .919, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .048, standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = .038). The identified factors were interpreted as Social Motivation, Social Affiliation, Expressive Social Communication, Social Recognition, and Unusual Approach. This factor structure was further confirmed in Sample 2 (CFI = 946, TLI = .930, RMSEA = .044, SRMR = .026). Internal consistency for all subscales was in the good to excellent range across both samples as indicated by Composite Reliability scores of >/= .72. Convergent and divergent validity was strong as indexed by the pattern of correlations with relevant SRS-2 and Child Behavior Checklist domains and with verbal and non-verbal intellectual functioning scores in Sample 1 and with the Need to Belong Scale and Child Social Preference Scale scores in Sample 2. Across both samples, females had higher social motivation and expressive social communication scores. Discriminant validity was strong given that across all SSDS subscales, the ASD sample had significantly higher impairment than both the typically developing group and the group with other clinical conditions, which in turn, had significantly higher impairment than the typically developing group. Conclusions: Our findings provide initial validation of a new scale designed to comprehensively capture individual differences in social motivation and other key social dimensions in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0298-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=414
in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 48 p.[article] Development of the Stanford Social Dimensions Scale: initial validation in autism spectrum disorder and in neurotypicals [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. M. PHILLIPS, Auteur ; M. ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; R. K. SCHUCK, Auteur ; S. SCHAPP, Auteur ; E. M. SOLOMON, Auteur ; E. SALZMAN, Auteur ; Lauren ALLERHAND, Auteur ; R. A. LIBOVE, Auteur ; T. W. FRAZIER, Auteur ; A. Y. HARDAN, Auteur . - 48 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 48 p.
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Social motivation Social processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The aim of this paper was to provide an initial validation of a newly developed parent questionnaire-the Stanford Social Dimensions Scale (SSDS), designed to capture individual differences across several key social dimensions including social motivation in children and adolescents with and without psychiatric disorders. Methods: The initial validation sample was comprised of parents of 175 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (35 females, 140 males; M age = 7.19 years, SD age = 3.96) and the replication sample consisted of 624 parents of children who were either typically developing or presented with a range of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders (302 females, 322 males; M age = 11.49 years, SDage = 4.48). Parents from both samples completed the SSDS and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2). Results: Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling indicated that a 5-factor model provided adequate to excellent fit to the data in the initial ASD sample (comparative fit index [CFI] = .940, Tucker-Lewis Index [TLI] = .919, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .048, standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = .038). The identified factors were interpreted as Social Motivation, Social Affiliation, Expressive Social Communication, Social Recognition, and Unusual Approach. This factor structure was further confirmed in Sample 2 (CFI = 946, TLI = .930, RMSEA = .044, SRMR = .026). Internal consistency for all subscales was in the good to excellent range across both samples as indicated by Composite Reliability scores of >/= .72. Convergent and divergent validity was strong as indexed by the pattern of correlations with relevant SRS-2 and Child Behavior Checklist domains and with verbal and non-verbal intellectual functioning scores in Sample 1 and with the Need to Belong Scale and Child Social Preference Scale scores in Sample 2. Across both samples, females had higher social motivation and expressive social communication scores. Discriminant validity was strong given that across all SSDS subscales, the ASD sample had significantly higher impairment than both the typically developing group and the group with other clinical conditions, which in turn, had significantly higher impairment than the typically developing group. Conclusions: Our findings provide initial validation of a new scale designed to comprehensively capture individual differences in social motivation and other key social dimensions in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0298-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=414 Exploring Social Subtypes in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Study / Mirko ULJAREVIC in Autism Research, 13-8 (August 2020)
[article]
Titre : Exploring Social Subtypes in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mirko ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Jennifer M. PHILLIPS, Auteur ; Rachel K. SCHUCK, Auteur ; Salena SCHAPP, Auteur ; Elizabeth M. SOLOMON, Auteur ; Emma SALZMAN, Auteur ; Lauren ALLERHAND, Auteur ; Robin A. LIBOVE, Auteur ; Thomas W FRAZIER, Auteur ; Antonio Y. HARDAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1335-1342 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder individual differences social motivation social processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impairments in social functioning are considered a hallmark diagnostic feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet, individuals diagnosed with ASD vary widely with respect to specific presentation, severity, and course across different dimensions of this complex symptom domain. The aim of this investigation was to utilize the Stanford Social Dimensions Scale (SSDS), a newly developed quantitative measure providing parental perspective on their child's social abilities, in order to explore the existence of homogeneous subgroups of ASD individuals who share unique profiles across specific dimensions of the social domain. Parents of 164 individuals with ASD (35 females, 129 males; mean(age) = 7.54?years, SD = 3.85) completed the SSDS, the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Data on children's verbal and nonverbal intellectual functioning (FSIQ) were also collected. The Latent Profile Analysis was used to classify participants according to the pattern of SSDS subscale scores (Social Motivation, Social Affiliation, Expressive Social Communication, Social Recognition, and Unusual Approach). Five profiles were identified. Profiles did not differ in terms of chronological age nor gender distribution but showed distinct patterns of strengths and weaknesses across different social components rather than simply reflecting a severity gradient. Profiles were further differentiated in terms of cognitive ability, as well as ASD and internalizing symptom severity. The implications of current findings and the necessary further steps toward identifying subgroups of individuals with ASD who share particular constellation of strengths and weaknesses across key social domains as a way of informing personalized interventions are discussed. Autism Res 2020. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) vary greatly in terms of their social abilities and social motivation. However, researchers lack measures that can fully assess different components of social functioning. This paper provides initial evidence for capturing subgroups of individuals with ASD with specific strengths and weakness across different aspects of social functioning. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1335-1342. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2294 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=430
in Autism Research > 13-8 (August 2020) . - p.1335-1342[article] Exploring Social Subtypes in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mirko ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Jennifer M. PHILLIPS, Auteur ; Rachel K. SCHUCK, Auteur ; Salena SCHAPP, Auteur ; Elizabeth M. SOLOMON, Auteur ; Emma SALZMAN, Auteur ; Lauren ALLERHAND, Auteur ; Robin A. LIBOVE, Auteur ; Thomas W FRAZIER, Auteur ; Antonio Y. HARDAN, Auteur . - p.1335-1342.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 13-8 (August 2020) . - p.1335-1342
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder individual differences social motivation social processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impairments in social functioning are considered a hallmark diagnostic feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet, individuals diagnosed with ASD vary widely with respect to specific presentation, severity, and course across different dimensions of this complex symptom domain. The aim of this investigation was to utilize the Stanford Social Dimensions Scale (SSDS), a newly developed quantitative measure providing parental perspective on their child's social abilities, in order to explore the existence of homogeneous subgroups of ASD individuals who share unique profiles across specific dimensions of the social domain. Parents of 164 individuals with ASD (35 females, 129 males; mean(age) = 7.54?years, SD = 3.85) completed the SSDS, the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Data on children's verbal and nonverbal intellectual functioning (FSIQ) were also collected. The Latent Profile Analysis was used to classify participants according to the pattern of SSDS subscale scores (Social Motivation, Social Affiliation, Expressive Social Communication, Social Recognition, and Unusual Approach). Five profiles were identified. Profiles did not differ in terms of chronological age nor gender distribution but showed distinct patterns of strengths and weaknesses across different social components rather than simply reflecting a severity gradient. Profiles were further differentiated in terms of cognitive ability, as well as ASD and internalizing symptom severity. The implications of current findings and the necessary further steps toward identifying subgroups of individuals with ASD who share particular constellation of strengths and weaknesses across key social domains as a way of informing personalized interventions are discussed. Autism Res 2020. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) vary greatly in terms of their social abilities and social motivation. However, researchers lack measures that can fully assess different components of social functioning. This paper provides initial evidence for capturing subgroups of individuals with ASD with specific strengths and weakness across different aspects of social functioning. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1335-1342. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2294 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=430 Objective measurement of head movement differences in children with and without autism spectrum disorder / K. B. MARTIN in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)
[article]
Titre : Objective measurement of head movement differences in children with and without autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. B. MARTIN, Auteur ; Z. HAMMAL, Auteur ; G. REN, Auteur ; Jeffrey F. COHN, Auteur ; J. CASSELL, Auteur ; M. OGIHARA, Auteur ; Jennifer C. BRITTON, Auteur ; A. GUTIERREZ, Auteur ; D. S. MESSINGER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 14p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Head movement Motor movement Social processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Deficits in motor movement in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have typically been characterized qualitatively by human observers. Although clinicians have noted the importance of atypical head positioning (e.g. social peering and repetitive head banging) when diagnosing children with ASD, a quantitative understanding of head movement in ASD is lacking. Here, we conduct a quantitative comparison of head movement dynamics in children with and without ASD using automated, person-independent computer-vision based head tracking (Zface). Because children with ASD often exhibit preferential attention to nonsocial versus social stimuli, we investigated whether children with and without ASD differed in their head movement dynamics depending on stimulus sociality. Methods: The current study examined differences in head movement dynamics in children with (n = 21) and without ASD (n = 21). Children were video-recorded while watching a 16-min video of social and nonsocial stimuli. Three dimensions of rigid head movement-pitch (head nods), yaw (head turns), and roll (lateral head inclinations)-were tracked using Zface. The root mean square of pitch, yaw, and roll was calculated to index the magnitude of head angular displacement (quantity of head movement) and angular velocity (speed). Results: Compared with children without ASD, children with ASD exhibited greater yaw displacement, indicating greater head turning, and greater velocity of yaw and roll, indicating faster head turning and inclination. Follow-up analyses indicated that differences in head movement dynamics were specific to the social rather than the nonsocial stimulus condition. Conclusions: Head movement dynamics (displacement and velocity) were greater in children with ASD than in children without ASD, providing a quantitative foundation for previous clinical reports. Head movement differences were evident in lateral (yaw and roll) but not vertical (pitch) movement and were specific to a social rather than nonsocial condition. When presented with social stimuli, children with ASD had higher levels of head movement and moved their heads more quickly than children without ASD. Children with ASD may use head movement to modulate their perception of social scenes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0198-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=354
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 14p.[article] Objective measurement of head movement differences in children with and without autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. B. MARTIN, Auteur ; Z. HAMMAL, Auteur ; G. REN, Auteur ; Jeffrey F. COHN, Auteur ; J. CASSELL, Auteur ; M. OGIHARA, Auteur ; Jennifer C. BRITTON, Auteur ; A. GUTIERREZ, Auteur ; D. S. MESSINGER, Auteur . - 14p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 14p.
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Head movement Motor movement Social processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Deficits in motor movement in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have typically been characterized qualitatively by human observers. Although clinicians have noted the importance of atypical head positioning (e.g. social peering and repetitive head banging) when diagnosing children with ASD, a quantitative understanding of head movement in ASD is lacking. Here, we conduct a quantitative comparison of head movement dynamics in children with and without ASD using automated, person-independent computer-vision based head tracking (Zface). Because children with ASD often exhibit preferential attention to nonsocial versus social stimuli, we investigated whether children with and without ASD differed in their head movement dynamics depending on stimulus sociality. Methods: The current study examined differences in head movement dynamics in children with (n = 21) and without ASD (n = 21). Children were video-recorded while watching a 16-min video of social and nonsocial stimuli. Three dimensions of rigid head movement-pitch (head nods), yaw (head turns), and roll (lateral head inclinations)-were tracked using Zface. The root mean square of pitch, yaw, and roll was calculated to index the magnitude of head angular displacement (quantity of head movement) and angular velocity (speed). Results: Compared with children without ASD, children with ASD exhibited greater yaw displacement, indicating greater head turning, and greater velocity of yaw and roll, indicating faster head turning and inclination. Follow-up analyses indicated that differences in head movement dynamics were specific to the social rather than the nonsocial stimulus condition. Conclusions: Head movement dynamics (displacement and velocity) were greater in children with ASD than in children without ASD, providing a quantitative foundation for previous clinical reports. Head movement differences were evident in lateral (yaw and roll) but not vertical (pitch) movement and were specific to a social rather than nonsocial condition. When presented with social stimuli, children with ASD had higher levels of head movement and moved their heads more quickly than children without ASD. Children with ASD may use head movement to modulate their perception of social scenes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0198-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=354