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Typical perceptual organization in autism: Perceptual grouping and spatial distortion / R. AVRAAM in Autism Research, 12-11 (November 2019)
[article]
Titre : Typical perceptual organization in autism: Perceptual grouping and spatial distortion Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. AVRAAM, Auteur ; N. BINUR, Auteur ; B. S. HADAD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1623-1635 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism gestalt principles grouping implicit local global processing perceptual organization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The extensive literature on global-local processing in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has recently shifted from arguing for a processing impairment among those with ASD to positing an attenuated preference for global processing. One suggestion is that the fast extraction of the global gist is less efficient in ASD, in contrast to the superior attention-driven processing of local elements. To examine this claim of attenuated global processing, the present study tested how perceptual grouping affected the global organization of visual scenes, specifically testing the claim of less mandatory, more optional global processing in ASD. Participants judged the distance between grouped and ungrouped elements in displays in which illusory distortions were inherent in configurations exemplifying the Gestalt principles of organization. Results from six experiments manipulating different Gestalt cues showed a consistent pattern, indicating that for individuals with ASD, as for typically developed (TD) individuals, grouping processes are organizational in nature, incorporating the grouping of related elements while parsing these from other unrelated elements. This parsing is accompanied by distortions in the spatial relationships perceived in the visual scene. ASD participants exhibited an overall larger tendency to overestimate the distances, but they also demonstrated typical perceptual organization processes that were robust and mandatory and, as in neurotypicals, affected the perception of the whole scene. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: It is known that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) perceive the world in a different way than their typically developed (TD) peers. While TD individuals exhibit strong bias toward processing the global structure of visual scenes, individuals with ASD exhibit enhanced perception of the local elements. We showed that when the local and global levels are not competing, individuals with autism demonstrate robust global organization that operates even when not directly instructed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2153 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412
in Autism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1623-1635[article] Typical perceptual organization in autism: Perceptual grouping and spatial distortion [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. AVRAAM, Auteur ; N. BINUR, Auteur ; B. S. HADAD, Auteur . - p.1623-1635.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1623-1635
Mots-clés : autism gestalt principles grouping implicit local global processing perceptual organization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The extensive literature on global-local processing in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has recently shifted from arguing for a processing impairment among those with ASD to positing an attenuated preference for global processing. One suggestion is that the fast extraction of the global gist is less efficient in ASD, in contrast to the superior attention-driven processing of local elements. To examine this claim of attenuated global processing, the present study tested how perceptual grouping affected the global organization of visual scenes, specifically testing the claim of less mandatory, more optional global processing in ASD. Participants judged the distance between grouped and ungrouped elements in displays in which illusory distortions were inherent in configurations exemplifying the Gestalt principles of organization. Results from six experiments manipulating different Gestalt cues showed a consistent pattern, indicating that for individuals with ASD, as for typically developed (TD) individuals, grouping processes are organizational in nature, incorporating the grouping of related elements while parsing these from other unrelated elements. This parsing is accompanied by distortions in the spatial relationships perceived in the visual scene. ASD participants exhibited an overall larger tendency to overestimate the distances, but they also demonstrated typical perceptual organization processes that were robust and mandatory and, as in neurotypicals, affected the perception of the whole scene. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: It is known that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) perceive the world in a different way than their typically developed (TD) peers. While TD individuals exhibit strong bias toward processing the global structure of visual scenes, individuals with ASD exhibit enhanced perception of the local elements. We showed that when the local and global levels are not competing, individuals with autism demonstrate robust global organization that operates even when not directly instructed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2153 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 Superior Disembedding in Children with ASD: New Tests Using Abstract, Meaningful, and 3D Contexts / R. VAN DER HALLEN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-7 (July 2018)
[article]
Titre : Superior Disembedding in Children with ASD: New Tests Using Abstract, Meaningful, and 3D Contexts Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. VAN DER HALLEN, Auteur ; R. CHAMBERLAIN, Auteur ; L. DE-WIT, Auteur ; J. WAGEMANS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2478-2489 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Disembedding Eft L-eft Perceptual organization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Since its initial development, the embedded figures test (EFT) has been used extensively to measure local-global perceptual style. However, little is known about the perceptual factors that influence target detection. The current study aimed to investigate disembedding in children with and without ASD, aged 8-15 years, using the newly developed, stimulus-controlled L-EFT, M-EFT and D-EFT. Firstly, results revealed superior disembedding for children with ASD, irrespective of the type of target or embedding context, although the ASD group took more time in both the M-EFT and D-EFT. Secondly, the number of target lines continuing into the context proved more of a hindrance for the controls. Taken together, these findings provide strong evidence to support the notion of superior disembedding in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3508-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=367
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-7 (July 2018) . - p.2478-2489[article] Superior Disembedding in Children with ASD: New Tests Using Abstract, Meaningful, and 3D Contexts [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. VAN DER HALLEN, Auteur ; R. CHAMBERLAIN, Auteur ; L. DE-WIT, Auteur ; J. WAGEMANS, Auteur . - p.2478-2489.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-7 (July 2018) . - p.2478-2489
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Disembedding Eft L-eft Perceptual organization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Since its initial development, the embedded figures test (EFT) has been used extensively to measure local-global perceptual style. However, little is known about the perceptual factors that influence target detection. The current study aimed to investigate disembedding in children with and without ASD, aged 8-15 years, using the newly developed, stimulus-controlled L-EFT, M-EFT and D-EFT. Firstly, results revealed superior disembedding for children with ASD, irrespective of the type of target or embedding context, although the ASD group took more time in both the M-EFT and D-EFT. Secondly, the number of target lines continuing into the context proved more of a hindrance for the controls. Taken together, these findings provide strong evidence to support the notion of superior disembedding in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3508-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=367 The world as we know it and the world as it is: Eye-movement patterns reveal decreased use of prior knowledge in individuals with autism / M. KROL in Autism Research, 12-9 (September 2019)
[article]
Titre : The world as we know it and the world as it is: Eye-movement patterns reveal decreased use of prior knowledge in individuals with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. KROL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1386-1398 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder eye-tracking perceptual organization prior knowledge visual perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We used a perceptual closure task with Mooney images as stimuli to record eye-movement patterns in response to the same degraded image before and after perceptual learning in 21 adolescents and young adults with ASD and 23 sex-, age-, and IQ-matched typically developing individuals. In the control group, we observed changes in the eye-movement patterns between the first and the last presentation of the degraded stimulus, reflecting top-down optimization of eye-movement patterns, that is, a decrease in the number of fixations and interfixation distance, coupled with an increase in the duration of fixations. This effect was attenuated in individuals with autism, pointing to a decreased rate of perceptual learning. We also found that participants with autism displayed decreased scanpath stability, that is, a lower recurrence of fixation locations between different presentations of the same image, which may suggests a lower rate of perceptual learning or decreased predictability in the eye-movement patterns. These results provide evidence for decreased use of prior knowledge in perceptual decisions in autism. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1386-1398. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We showed autistic and typically developing participants some degraded images that were difficult to recognize for the first time, but once you knew what they represent, you could see it easily. We found that the eye-movement patterns of persons with autism did not change as much after learning what the pictures represented as in the case of typically developing participants. This means that previous experiences and knowledge change the way people with autism perceive things to a smaller extent. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2133 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=406
in Autism Research > 12-9 (September 2019) . - p.1386-1398[article] The world as we know it and the world as it is: Eye-movement patterns reveal decreased use of prior knowledge in individuals with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. KROL, Auteur . - p.1386-1398.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 12-9 (September 2019) . - p.1386-1398
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder eye-tracking perceptual organization prior knowledge visual perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We used a perceptual closure task with Mooney images as stimuli to record eye-movement patterns in response to the same degraded image before and after perceptual learning in 21 adolescents and young adults with ASD and 23 sex-, age-, and IQ-matched typically developing individuals. In the control group, we observed changes in the eye-movement patterns between the first and the last presentation of the degraded stimulus, reflecting top-down optimization of eye-movement patterns, that is, a decrease in the number of fixations and interfixation distance, coupled with an increase in the duration of fixations. This effect was attenuated in individuals with autism, pointing to a decreased rate of perceptual learning. We also found that participants with autism displayed decreased scanpath stability, that is, a lower recurrence of fixation locations between different presentations of the same image, which may suggests a lower rate of perceptual learning or decreased predictability in the eye-movement patterns. These results provide evidence for decreased use of prior knowledge in perceptual decisions in autism. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1386-1398. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We showed autistic and typically developing participants some degraded images that were difficult to recognize for the first time, but once you knew what they represent, you could see it easily. We found that the eye-movement patterns of persons with autism did not change as much after learning what the pictures represented as in the case of typically developing participants. This means that previous experiences and knowledge change the way people with autism perceive things to a smaller extent. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2133 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=406