A Meta-analysis of the Wisconsin Card Sort Task in Autism / Oriane LANDRY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-4 (April 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-4 (April 2016) . - p.1220-1235 Titre : A Meta-analysis of the Wisconsin Card Sort Task in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Oriane LANDRY, Auteur ; Shems AL-TAIE, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.1220-1235 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Executive function  Wisconsin Card Sort Task  Meta-analysis  Cognitive flexibility Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We conducted a meta-analysis of 31 studies, spanning 30 years, utilizing the WCST in participants with autism. We calculated Cohen’s d effect sizes for four measures of performance: sets completed, perseveration, failure-to-maintain-set, and non-perseverative errors. The average weighted effect size ranged from 0.30 to 0.74 for each measure, all statistically greater than 0. No evidence was found for reduced impairment when WCST is administered by computer. Age and PIQ predicted perseverative error rates, while VIQ predicted non-perseverative error rates, and both perseverative and non-perseverative error rates in turn predicted number of sets completed. No correlates of failure-to-maintain set errors were found; further research is warranted on this aspect of WCST performance in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2659-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=284 [article] A Meta-analysis of the Wisconsin Card Sort Task in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Oriane LANDRY, Auteur ; Shems AL-TAIE, Auteur . - 2016 . - p.1220-1235. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-4 (April 2016) . - p.1220-1235 Mots-clés : Executive function  Wisconsin Card Sort Task  Meta-analysis  Cognitive flexibility Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We conducted a meta-analysis of 31 studies, spanning 30 years, utilizing the WCST in participants with autism. We calculated Cohen’s d effect sizes for four measures of performance: sets completed, perseveration, failure-to-maintain-set, and non-perseverative errors. The average weighted effect size ranged from 0.30 to 0.74 for each measure, all statistically greater than 0. No evidence was found for reduced impairment when WCST is administered by computer. Age and PIQ predicted perseverative error rates, while VIQ predicted non-perseverative error rates, and both perseverative and non-perseverative error rates in turn predicted number of sets completed. No correlates of failure-to-maintain set errors were found; further research is warranted on this aspect of WCST performance in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2659-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=284

Nonverbal, rather than verbal, functioning may predict cognitive flexibility among persons with autism spectrum disorder: A preliminary study / Colin Andrew CAMPBELL in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 38 (June 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 38 (June 2017) . - p.19-25 Titre : Nonverbal, rather than verbal, functioning may predict cognitive flexibility among persons with autism spectrum disorder: A preliminary study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Colin Andrew CAMPBELL, Auteur ; Natalie RUSSO, Auteur ; Oriane LANDRY, Auteur ; Anna Maria JANKOWSKA, Auteur ; Emily STUBBERT, Auteur ; Sophie JACQUES, Auteur ; Jacob A. BURACK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.19-25 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cognitive flexibility  Nonverbal abilities  Mental age  Executive function  Autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Cognitive flexibility may not be as impaired in persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as expected by the clinical criterion of repetitive and perseverative behaviors (APA, 2013) and by their verbal abilities. In typically developing (TD) children and other groups, the development of cognitive flexibility is tightly linked to verbal development. However, nonverbal abilities may better predict cognitive flexibility in children with ASD because of their unique pattern of cognitive strengths and weaknesses. Method We examined the relative influences of chronological age (CA), performance mental age (PMA), and verbal mental age (VMA) on cognitive flexibility as measured by performance on the Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST) among a group of 27 individuals with ASD with a wide range of IQs. The Leiter-R and PPVT-III estimated PMA and VMA, respectively. Results Partial correlations indicated that PMA, but not VMA, related to switching performance on the FIST. Conclusion Findings highlight the potential unique role of nonverbal abilities as a contributing factor to the development of cognitive flexibility among individuals with ASD. Nonverbal abilities may better support the development of cognitive flexibility in this particular population perhaps because their limited verbal abilities cannot contribute effectively to other cognitive processes such as cognitive flexibility. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2017.03.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=308 [article] Nonverbal, rather than verbal, functioning may predict cognitive flexibility among persons with autism spectrum disorder: A preliminary study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Colin Andrew CAMPBELL, Auteur ; Natalie RUSSO, Auteur ; Oriane LANDRY, Auteur ; Anna Maria JANKOWSKA, Auteur ; Emily STUBBERT, Auteur ; Sophie JACQUES, Auteur ; Jacob A. BURACK, Auteur . - p.19-25. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 38 (June 2017) . - p.19-25 Mots-clés : Cognitive flexibility  Nonverbal abilities  Mental age  Executive function  Autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Cognitive flexibility may not be as impaired in persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as expected by the clinical criterion of repetitive and perseverative behaviors (APA, 2013) and by their verbal abilities. In typically developing (TD) children and other groups, the development of cognitive flexibility is tightly linked to verbal development. However, nonverbal abilities may better predict cognitive flexibility in children with ASD because of their unique pattern of cognitive strengths and weaknesses. Method We examined the relative influences of chronological age (CA), performance mental age (PMA), and verbal mental age (VMA) on cognitive flexibility as measured by performance on the Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST) among a group of 27 individuals with ASD with a wide range of IQs. The Leiter-R and PPVT-III estimated PMA and VMA, respectively. Results Partial correlations indicated that PMA, but not VMA, related to switching performance on the FIST. Conclusion Findings highlight the potential unique role of nonverbal abilities as a contributing factor to the development of cognitive flexibility among individuals with ASD. Nonverbal abilities may better support the development of cognitive flexibility in this particular population perhaps because their limited verbal abilities cannot contribute effectively to other cognitive processes such as cognitive flexibility. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2017.03.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=308

Orienting of visual attention among persons with autism spectrum disorders: reading versus responding to symbolic cues / Oriane LANDRY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50-7 (July 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 50-7 (July 2009) . - p.862-870 Titre : Orienting of visual attention among persons with autism spectrum disorders: reading versus responding to symbolic cues Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Oriane LANDRY, Auteur ; Peter MITCHELL, Auteur ; Jacob A. BURACK, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.862-870 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism endogenous-orienting attention spatial-cuing voluntary-control autistic-disorder cognition reaction-time visuo-spatial-functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Are persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) slower than typically developing individuals to read the meaning of a symbolic cue in a visual orienting paradigm? Methods: Participants with ASD (n = 18) and performance mental age (PMA) matched typically developing children (n = 16) completed two endogenous orienting conditions in which the cue exposure time and response preparation time were manipulated within a consistent series of cue-target stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). Results: Participants with ASD displayed facilitation effects at all SOAs, whereas typically developing children displayed facilitation effects only at shorter SOAs. The magnitude of the facilitation effect was greater for the group with ASD at 400ms SOA. Both groups showed similar effects of condition, with similar patterns of facilitation in both conditions. Conclusion: Persons with ASD were not slower to read the symbolic cue, as the effect was elicited by brief cues within longer SOAs before target onset. The participants with ASD were also less efficient in using the predictability of the cues to guide responding. The difficulties of participants with ASD on endogenous orienting occur at the response selection level, not the perceptual level. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02049.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=771 [article] Orienting of visual attention among persons with autism spectrum disorders: reading versus responding to symbolic cues [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Oriane LANDRY, Auteur ; Peter MITCHELL, Auteur ; Jacob A. BURACK, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.862-870. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 50-7 (July 2009) . - p.862-870 Mots-clés : Autism endogenous-orienting attention spatial-cuing voluntary-control autistic-disorder cognition reaction-time visuo-spatial-functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Are persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) slower than typically developing individuals to read the meaning of a symbolic cue in a visual orienting paradigm? Methods: Participants with ASD (n = 18) and performance mental age (PMA) matched typically developing children (n = 16) completed two endogenous orienting conditions in which the cue exposure time and response preparation time were manipulated within a consistent series of cue-target stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). Results: Participants with ASD displayed facilitation effects at all SOAs, whereas typically developing children displayed facilitation effects only at shorter SOAs. The magnitude of the facilitation effect was greater for the group with ASD at 400ms SOA. Both groups showed similar effects of condition, with similar patterns of facilitation in both conditions. Conclusion: Persons with ASD were not slower to read the symbolic cue, as the effect was elicited by brief cues within longer SOAs before target onset. The participants with ASD were also less efficient in using the predictability of the cues to guide responding. The difficulties of participants with ASD on endogenous orienting occur at the response selection level, not the perceptual level. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02049.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=771

Size Constancy is Preserved but Afterimages are Prolonged in Typical Individuals with Higher Degrees of Self-Reported Autistic Traits / Irene SPERANDIO in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-2 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-2 (February 2017) . - p.447-459 Titre : Size Constancy is Preserved but Afterimages are Prolonged in Typical Individuals with Higher Degrees of Self-Reported Autistic Traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Irene SPERANDIO, Auteur ; Katy L. UNWIN, Auteur ; Oriane LANDRY, Auteur ; Philippe A. CHOUINARD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.447-459 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adaptation  Afterimage  Autism spectrum quotient  Light sensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deficits in perceptual constancies from early infancy have been proposed to contribute to autism and exacerbate its symptoms (Hellendoorn et al., Frontiers in Psychology 6:1–16, 2015). Here, we examined size constancy in adults from the general population (N?=?106) with different levels of self-reported autistic traits using an approach based on negative afterimages. The afterimage strength, as indexed by duration and vividness, was also quantified. In opposition to the Hellendoorn and colleagues’ model, we were unable to demonstrate any kind of relationship between abilities in size constancy and autistic traits. However, our results demonstrated that individuals with higher degrees of autistic traits experienced more persistent afterimages. We discuss possible retinal and post-retinal explanations for prolonged afterimages in people with higher levels of autistic traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2971-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Size Constancy is Preserved but Afterimages are Prolonged in Typical Individuals with Higher Degrees of Self-Reported Autistic Traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Irene SPERANDIO, Auteur ; Katy L. UNWIN, Auteur ; Oriane LANDRY, Auteur ; Philippe A. CHOUINARD, Auteur . - p.447-459. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-2 (February 2017) . - p.447-459 Mots-clés : Adaptation  Afterimage  Autism spectrum quotient  Light sensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deficits in perceptual constancies from early infancy have been proposed to contribute to autism and exacerbate its symptoms (Hellendoorn et al., Frontiers in Psychology 6:1–16, 2015). Here, we examined size constancy in adults from the general population (N?=?106) with different levels of self-reported autistic traits using an approach based on negative afterimages. The afterimage strength, as indexed by duration and vividness, was also quantified. In opposition to the Hellendoorn and colleagues’ model, we were unable to demonstrate any kind of relationship between abilities in size constancy and autistic traits. However, our results demonstrated that individuals with higher degrees of autistic traits experienced more persistent afterimages. We discuss possible retinal and post-retinal explanations for prolonged afterimages in people with higher levels of autistic traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2971-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

Susceptibility to Optical Illusions Varies as a Function of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient but not in Ways Predicted by Local–Global Biases / Philippe A. CHOUINARD in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2224-2239 Titre : Susceptibility to Optical Illusions Varies as a Function of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient but not in Ways Predicted by Local–Global Biases Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Philippe A. CHOUINARD, Auteur ; Katy L. UNWIN, Auteur ; Oriane LANDRY, Auteur ; Irene SPERANDIO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2224-2239 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Visual illusions  Shepard’s tabletops illusion  Visual perception  Illusory susceptibility  Autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder and those with autistic tendencies in non-clinical groups are thought to have a perceptual style privileging local details over global integration. We used 13 illusions to investigate this perceptual style in typically developing adults with various levels of autistic traits. Illusory susceptibility was entered into a principal-component analysis. Only one factor, consisting of the Shepard’s tabletops and Square-diamond illusions, was found to have reduced susceptibility as a function of autistic traits. Given that only two illusions were affected and that these illusions depend mostly on the processing of within-object relational properties, we conclude there is something distinct about autistic-like perceptual functioning but not in ways predicted by a preference of local over global elements. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2753-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Susceptibility to Optical Illusions Varies as a Function of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient but not in Ways Predicted by Local–Global Biases [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Philippe A. CHOUINARD, Auteur ; Katy L. UNWIN, Auteur ; Oriane LANDRY, Auteur ; Irene SPERANDIO, Auteur . - p.2224-2239. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2224-2239 Mots-clés : Visual illusions  Shepard’s tabletops illusion  Visual perception  Illusory susceptibility  Autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder and those with autistic tendencies in non-clinical groups are thought to have a perceptual style privileging local details over global integration. We used 13 illusions to investigate this perceptual style in typically developing adults with various levels of autistic traits. Illusory susceptibility was entered into a principal-component analysis. Only one factor, consisting of the Shepard’s tabletops and Square-diamond illusions, was found to have reduced susceptibility as a function of autistic traits. Given that only two illusions were affected and that these illusions depend mostly on the processing of within-object relational properties, we conclude there is something distinct about autistic-like perceptual functioning but not in ways predicted by a preference of local over global elements. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2753-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

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