Cognitive ability profiles in families of reading-disabled children / Sadie N. DECKER in Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 23-2 (April 1981)

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopmental Medicine & Child Neurology > 23-2 (April 1981) . - p.217-227 Titre : Cognitive ability profiles in families of reading-disabled children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sadie N. DECKER, Auteur ; John C. DEFRIES, Auteur Année de publication : 1981 Article en page(s) : p.217-227 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Evidence for the heterogeneity of reading disability was sought in a family study. Psychometric test data on 125 reading-disabled children (probands) and their siblings and parents were used to identify four subtypes of reading disability, each with a distinctive cognitive ability profile. The validity of this profile analysis was then assessed by applying the same classification system to profiles of affected parents and siblings of the probands. Affected siblings of probands in subtype 3 (severely impaired reading ability but normal spatial/reasoning and coding/speed) were more likely to be of the same subtype than would be expected on the basis of chance. However, no such evidence for familial transmission of specific subtypes was found in the parental data. It is suggested that family studies may provide a strong test of the heterogeneity of reading disability, and that such studies should be used to assess the validity of alternative typologies. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=517 [article] Cognitive ability profiles in families of reading-disabled children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sadie N. DECKER, Auteur ; John C. DEFRIES, Auteur . - 1981 . - p.217-227. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology > 23-2 (April 1981) . - p.217-227 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Evidence for the heterogeneity of reading disability was sought in a family study. Psychometric test data on 125 reading-disabled children (probands) and their siblings and parents were used to identify four subtypes of reading disability, each with a distinctive cognitive ability profile. The validity of this profile analysis was then assessed by applying the same classification system to profiles of affected parents and siblings of the probands. Affected siblings of probands in subtype 3 (severely impaired reading ability but normal spatial/reasoning and coding/speed) were more likely to be of the same subtype than would be expected on the basis of chance. However, no such evidence for familial transmission of specific subtypes was found in the parental data. It is suggested that family studies may provide a strong test of the heterogeneity of reading disability, and that such studies should be used to assess the validity of alternative typologies. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=517

Explaining the sex difference in dyslexia / Anne B. ARNETT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-6 (June 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-6 (June 2017) . - p.719-727 Titre : Explaining the sex difference in dyslexia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anne B. ARNETT, Auteur ; Bruce F. PENNINGTON, Auteur ; Robin L. PETERSON, Auteur ; Erik G. WILLCUTT, Auteur ; John C. DEFRIES, Auteur ; Richard K. OLSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.719-727 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reading  dyslexia  sex difference  processing speed  inhibition  verbal reasoning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Males are diagnosed with dyslexia more frequently than females, even in epidemiological samples. This may be explained by greater variance in males’ reading performance. Methods We expand on previous research by rigorously testing the variance difference theory, and testing for mediation of the sex difference by cognitive correlates. We developed an analytic framework that can be applied to group differences in any psychiatric disorder. Results Males’ overrepresentation in the low performance tail of the reading distribution was accounted for by mean and variance differences across sex. There was no sex difference at the high performance tail. Processing speed (PS) and inhibitory control partially mediated the sex difference. Verbal reasoning emerged as a strength in males. Conclusions Our results complement a previous finding that PS partially mediates the sex difference in symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and helps explain the sex difference in both dyslexia and ADHD and their comorbidity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12691 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=308 [article] Explaining the sex difference in dyslexia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anne B. ARNETT, Auteur ; Bruce F. PENNINGTON, Auteur ; Robin L. PETERSON, Auteur ; Erik G. WILLCUTT, Auteur ; John C. DEFRIES, Auteur ; Richard K. OLSON, Auteur . - p.719-727. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-6 (June 2017) . - p.719-727 Mots-clés : Reading  dyslexia  sex difference  processing speed  inhibition  verbal reasoning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Males are diagnosed with dyslexia more frequently than females, even in epidemiological samples. This may be explained by greater variance in males’ reading performance. Methods We expand on previous research by rigorously testing the variance difference theory, and testing for mediation of the sex difference by cognitive correlates. We developed an analytic framework that can be applied to group differences in any psychiatric disorder. Results Males’ overrepresentation in the low performance tail of the reading distribution was accounted for by mean and variance differences across sex. There was no sex difference at the high performance tail. Processing speed (PS) and inhibitory control partially mediated the sex difference. Verbal reasoning emerged as a strength in males. Conclusions Our results complement a previous finding that PS partially mediates the sex difference in symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and helps explain the sex difference in both dyslexia and ADHD and their comorbidity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12691 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=308

A multiple deficit model of reading disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: searching for shared cognitive deficits / Lauren M. MCGRATH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-5 (May 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-5 (May 2011) . - p.547-557 Titre : A multiple deficit model of reading disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: searching for shared cognitive deficits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lauren M. MCGRATH, Auteur ; Bruce F. PENNINGTON, Auteur ; Michelle A. SHANAHAN, Auteur ; Laura E. SANTERRE-LEMMON, Auteur ; Holly D. BARNARD, Auteur ; Erik G. WILLCUTT, Auteur ; John C. DEFRIES, Auteur ; Richard K. OLSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.547-557 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reading disability  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  processing speed  comorbidity  multiple deficit model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  This study tests a multiple cognitive deficit model of reading disability (RD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and their comorbidity. Methods:  A structural equation model (SEM) of multiple cognitive risk factors and symptom outcome variables was constructed. The model included phonological awareness as a unique predictor of RD and response inhibition as a unique predictor of ADHD. Processing speed, naming speed, and verbal working memory were modeled as potential shared cognitive deficits. Results:  Model fit indices from the SEM indicated satisfactory fit. Closer inspection of the path weights revealed that processing speed was the only cognitive variable with significant unique relationships to RD and ADHD dimensions, particularly inattention. Moreover, the significant correlation between reading and inattention was reduced to non-significance when processing speed was included in the model, suggesting that processing speed primarily accounted for the phenotypic correlation (or comorbidity) between reading and inattention. Conclusions:  This study illustrates the power of a multiple deficit approach to complex developmental disorders and psychopathologies, particularly for exploring comorbidities. The theoretical role of processing speed in the developmental pathways of RD and ADHD and directions for future research are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02346.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121 [article] A multiple deficit model of reading disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: searching for shared cognitive deficits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lauren M. MCGRATH, Auteur ; Bruce F. PENNINGTON, Auteur ; Michelle A. SHANAHAN, Auteur ; Laura E. SANTERRE-LEMMON, Auteur ; Holly D. BARNARD, Auteur ; Erik G. WILLCUTT, Auteur ; John C. DEFRIES, Auteur ; Richard K. OLSON, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.547-557. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-5 (May 2011) . - p.547-557 Mots-clés : Reading disability  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  processing speed  comorbidity  multiple deficit model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  This study tests a multiple cognitive deficit model of reading disability (RD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and their comorbidity. Methods:  A structural equation model (SEM) of multiple cognitive risk factors and symptom outcome variables was constructed. The model included phonological awareness as a unique predictor of RD and response inhibition as a unique predictor of ADHD. Processing speed, naming speed, and verbal working memory were modeled as potential shared cognitive deficits. Results:  Model fit indices from the SEM indicated satisfactory fit. Closer inspection of the path weights revealed that processing speed was the only cognitive variable with significant unique relationships to RD and ADHD dimensions, particularly inattention. Moreover, the significant correlation between reading and inattention was reduced to non-significance when processing speed was included in the model, suggesting that processing speed primarily accounted for the phenotypic correlation (or comorbidity) between reading and inattention. Conclusions:  This study illustrates the power of a multiple deficit approach to complex developmental disorders and psychopathologies, particularly for exploring comorbidities. The theoretical role of processing speed in the developmental pathways of RD and ADHD and directions for future research are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02346.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121

Sex differences in ADHD symptom severity / Anne B. ARNETT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-6 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-6 (June 2015) . - p.632-639 Titre : Sex differences in ADHD symptom severity Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anne B. ARNETT, Auteur ; Bruce F. PENNINGTON, Auteur ; Erik G. WILLCUTT, Auteur ; John C. DEFRIES, Auteur ; Richard K. OLSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.632-639 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  gender difference  neuropsychology  cognitive development  mediation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Males show higher rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than do females. Potential explanations include genuine etiological differences or artifact. Methods 2,332 twin and sibling youth participated in behavioral and cognitive testing. Partially competing models of symptom severity distribution differences, the mean difference, and variance difference models, were tested within a randomly selected subsample. The Delta method was used to test for mediation of sex differences in ADHD symptom severity by processing speed, inhibition and working memory. Results The combined mean difference and variance difference models fully explained the sex difference in ADHD symptom severity. Cognitive endophenotypes mediated 14% of the sex difference effect. Conclusions The sex difference in ADHD symptom severity is valid and may be due to differing genetic and cognitive liabilities between the sexes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12337 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Sex differences in ADHD symptom severity [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anne B. ARNETT, Auteur ; Bruce F. PENNINGTON, Auteur ; Erik G. WILLCUTT, Auteur ; John C. DEFRIES, Auteur ; Richard K. OLSON, Auteur . - p.632-639. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-6 (June 2015) . - p.632-639 Mots-clés : ADHD  gender difference  neuropsychology  cognitive development  mediation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Males show higher rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than do females. Potential explanations include genuine etiological differences or artifact. Methods 2,332 twin and sibling youth participated in behavioral and cognitive testing. Partially competing models of symptom severity distribution differences, the mean difference, and variance difference models, were tested within a randomly selected subsample. The Delta method was used to test for mediation of sex differences in ADHD symptom severity by processing speed, inhibition and working memory. Results The combined mean difference and variance difference models fully explained the sex difference in ADHD symptom severity. Cognitive endophenotypes mediated 14% of the sex difference effect. Conclusions The sex difference in ADHD symptom severity is valid and may be due to differing genetic and cognitive liabilities between the sexes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12337 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

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