Altered Patterns of Dynamic Functional Connectivity Underpin Reduced Expressions of Social-Emotional Reciprocity in Autistic Adults / Radek MARE?EK ; Rostislav STAN?K ; Calum HARTLEY ; Klaus KESSLER ; Pavlína HLAVATÁ ; Hana O?LEJ?KOVÁ ; Milan BRÁZDIL ; Daniel Joel SHAW in Autism Research, 18-4 (April 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 18-4 (April 2025) . - p.725-740 Titre : Altered Patterns of Dynamic Functional Connectivity Underpin Reduced Expressions of Social-Emotional Reciprocity in Autistic Adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Radek MARE?EK, Auteur ; Rostislav STAN?K, Auteur ; Calum HARTLEY, Auteur ; Klaus KESSLER, Auteur ; Pavlína HLAVATÁ, Auteur ; Hana O?LEJ?KOVÁ, Auteur ; Milan BRÁZDIL, Auteur ; Daniel Joel SHAW, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.725-740 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  dynamic functional connectivity  reciprocity  social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT To identify the neurocognitive mechanisms underpinning the social difficulties that characterize autism, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging on pairs of autistic and non-autistic adults simultaneously whilst they interacted with one another on the iterated Ultimatum Game (iUG)?an interactive task that emulates the reciprocal characteristic of naturalistic interpersonal exchanges. Two age-matched sets of male?male dyads were investigated: 16 comprised an autistic Responder and a non-autistic Proposer, and 19 comprised non-autistic pairs of Responder and Proposer. Players' round-by-round behavior on the iUG was modeled as reciprocal choices, and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) was measured to identify the neural mechanisms underpinning reciprocal behaviors. Behavioral expressions of reciprocity were significantly reduced in autistic compared with non-autistic Responders, yet no such differences were observed between the non-autistic Proposers in either set of dyads. Furthermore, we identified latent dFC states with temporal properties associated with reciprocity. Autistic interactants spent less time in brain states characterized by dynamic inter-network integration and segregation among the Default Mode Network and cognitive control networks, suggesting that their reduced expressions of social?emotional reciprocity reflect less efficient reconfigurations among brain networks supporting flexible cognition and behavior. These findings advance our mechanistic understanding of the social difficulties characterizing autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70010 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=554 [article] Altered Patterns of Dynamic Functional Connectivity Underpin Reduced Expressions of Social-Emotional Reciprocity in Autistic Adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Radek MARE?EK, Auteur ; Rostislav STAN?K, Auteur ; Calum HARTLEY, Auteur ; Klaus KESSLER, Auteur ; Pavlína HLAVATÁ, Auteur ; Hana O?LEJ?KOVÁ, Auteur ; Milan BRÁZDIL, Auteur ; Daniel Joel SHAW, Auteur . - p.725-740. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 18-4 (April 2025) . - p.725-740 Mots-clés : autism  dynamic functional connectivity  reciprocity  social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT To identify the neurocognitive mechanisms underpinning the social difficulties that characterize autism, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging on pairs of autistic and non-autistic adults simultaneously whilst they interacted with one another on the iterated Ultimatum Game (iUG)?an interactive task that emulates the reciprocal characteristic of naturalistic interpersonal exchanges. Two age-matched sets of male?male dyads were investigated: 16 comprised an autistic Responder and a non-autistic Proposer, and 19 comprised non-autistic pairs of Responder and Proposer. Players' round-by-round behavior on the iUG was modeled as reciprocal choices, and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) was measured to identify the neural mechanisms underpinning reciprocal behaviors. Behavioral expressions of reciprocity were significantly reduced in autistic compared with non-autistic Responders, yet no such differences were observed between the non-autistic Proposers in either set of dyads. Furthermore, we identified latent dFC states with temporal properties associated with reciprocity. Autistic interactants spent less time in brain states characterized by dynamic inter-network integration and segregation among the Default Mode Network and cognitive control networks, suggesting that their reduced expressions of social?emotional reciprocity reflect less efficient reconfigurations among brain networks supporting flexible cognition and behavior. These findings advance our mechanistic understanding of the social difficulties characterizing autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70010 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=554

Brief Report: Generalisation of Word–Picture Relations in Children with Autism and Typically Developing Children / Calum HARTLEY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-8 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-8 (August 2014) . - p.2064-2071 Titre : Brief Report: Generalisation of Word–Picture Relations in Children with Autism and Typically Developing Children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Calum HARTLEY, Auteur ; Melissa L. ALLEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2064-2071 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Words  Understanding pictures  Generalisation  Shape bias  Colour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated whether low-functioning children with autism generalise labels from colour photographs based on sameness of shape, colour, or both. Children with autism and language-matched controls were taught novel words paired with photographs of unfamiliar objects, and then sorted pictures and objects into two buckets according to whether or not they were also referents of the newly-learned labels. Stimuli matched depicted referents on shape and/or colour. Children with autism extended labels to items that matched depicted objects on shape and colour, but also frequently generalised to items that matched on only shape or colour. Controls only generalised labels to items that matched the depicted referent’s shape. Thus, low-functioning children with autism may not understand that shape constrains symbolic word–picture–object relations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2074-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=236 [article] Brief Report: Generalisation of Word–Picture Relations in Children with Autism and Typically Developing Children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Calum HARTLEY, Auteur ; Melissa L. ALLEN, Auteur . - p.2064-2071. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-8 (August 2014) . - p.2064-2071 Mots-clés : Autism  Words  Understanding pictures  Generalisation  Shape bias  Colour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated whether low-functioning children with autism generalise labels from colour photographs based on sameness of shape, colour, or both. Children with autism and language-matched controls were taught novel words paired with photographs of unfamiliar objects, and then sorted pictures and objects into two buckets according to whether or not they were also referents of the newly-learned labels. Stimuli matched depicted referents on shape and/or colour. Children with autism extended labels to items that matched depicted objects on shape and colour, but also frequently generalised to items that matched on only shape or colour. Controls only generalised labels to items that matched the depicted referent’s shape. Thus, low-functioning children with autism may not understand that shape constrains symbolic word–picture–object relations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2074-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=236

Exploring lie frequency and emotional experiences of deceptive decision-making in autistic adults / Lara WARMELINK ; Amanda ROESTORF ; Calum HARTLEY in Autism, 29-6 (June 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-6 (June 2025) . - p.1612-1626 Titre : Exploring lie frequency and emotional experiences of deceptive decision-making in autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lara WARMELINK, Auteur ; Amanda ROESTORF, Auteur ; Calum HARTLEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1612-1626 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  emotion  lie frequency  motivation  orientation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deception is a multi-faceted social behaviour that is pervasive in human communication. Due to differences in social communication and experiences, autistic and non-autistic adults may contrast in how they respond to situations that elicit deceptive decision-making. This study examined whether autistic and non-autistic adults differed in their general lie frequency, their inclination to produce different lie types, and their emotional experiences of lying. Fifty-eight non-autistic and fifty-six autistic university students matched on age and gender completed self-report measures of their general lying patterns, how often they lied in the past 24 hours, and whether they would lie across hypothetical scenarios with differing beneficiaries (self, other, group) and motivations (protective, beneficial). The groups did not significantly differ in their general lying behaviour or frequency of lies told over 24 hours. Yet, autistic adults indicated that they would be significantly less likely to lie in group scenarios and would experience increased difficulty, more guilt, and greater concerns about their believability when lying. These results advance theoretical understanding by suggesting that autistic adults" deceptive decision-making may be context-dependent. Future research may benefit from examining autistic deception across numerous social situations as more general lie frequency measures may be insensitive to nuanced population differences.Lay Abstract Lying, a universal social behaviour, is frequent in everyday communication. Due to differences in social communication and experiences, autistic and non-autistic adults may react differently in situations where they must decide whether to lie or tell the truth. We investigated whether autistic and non-autistic adults differ in their general lying behaviour (e.g. how often they lie) and their likelihood of lying in a range of hypothetical social scenarios with different motivations (why people lie - to benefit or protect) and orientations (who people lie for; themselves, other, a group). We also examined participants" emotional experiences of lying and truth-telling. We found that autistic and non-autistic adults" general lying frequencies and emotional experiences were similar. However, the social scenario responses revealed that autistic adults would be less likely to lie to benefit or protect a social group they are part of. Moreover, autistic adults indicated that they would find lying more difficult across all social scenarios, experience more guilt, and would be less confident that their lie would be believed. This research highlights how autistic adults" lying may be context-dependent and considers how a reduction in the likelihood of lying for their social group could increase strain on autistic adults" social relationships. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251315892 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=558 [article] Exploring lie frequency and emotional experiences of deceptive decision-making in autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lara WARMELINK, Auteur ; Amanda ROESTORF, Auteur ; Calum HARTLEY, Auteur . - p.1612-1626. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-6 (June 2025) . - p.1612-1626 Mots-clés : autism  emotion  lie frequency  motivation  orientation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deception is a multi-faceted social behaviour that is pervasive in human communication. Due to differences in social communication and experiences, autistic and non-autistic adults may contrast in how they respond to situations that elicit deceptive decision-making. This study examined whether autistic and non-autistic adults differed in their general lie frequency, their inclination to produce different lie types, and their emotional experiences of lying. Fifty-eight non-autistic and fifty-six autistic university students matched on age and gender completed self-report measures of their general lying patterns, how often they lied in the past 24 hours, and whether they would lie across hypothetical scenarios with differing beneficiaries (self, other, group) and motivations (protective, beneficial). The groups did not significantly differ in their general lying behaviour or frequency of lies told over 24 hours. Yet, autistic adults indicated that they would be significantly less likely to lie in group scenarios and would experience increased difficulty, more guilt, and greater concerns about their believability when lying. These results advance theoretical understanding by suggesting that autistic adults" deceptive decision-making may be context-dependent. Future research may benefit from examining autistic deception across numerous social situations as more general lie frequency measures may be insensitive to nuanced population differences.Lay Abstract Lying, a universal social behaviour, is frequent in everyday communication. Due to differences in social communication and experiences, autistic and non-autistic adults may react differently in situations where they must decide whether to lie or tell the truth. We investigated whether autistic and non-autistic adults differ in their general lying behaviour (e.g. how often they lie) and their likelihood of lying in a range of hypothetical social scenarios with different motivations (why people lie - to benefit or protect) and orientations (who people lie for; themselves, other, a group). We also examined participants" emotional experiences of lying and truth-telling. We found that autistic and non-autistic adults" general lying frequencies and emotional experiences were similar. However, the social scenario responses revealed that autistic adults would be less likely to lie to benefit or protect a social group they are part of. Moreover, autistic adults indicated that they would find lying more difficult across all social scenarios, experience more guilt, and would be less confident that their lie would be believed. This research highlights how autistic adults" lying may be context-dependent and considers how a reduction in the likelihood of lying for their social group could increase strain on autistic adults" social relationships. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251315892 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=558

Exploring the Influence of Object Similarity and Desirability on Children?s Ownership Identification and Preferences in Autism and Typical Development / Calum HARTLEY ; Laura-Ashleigh Bird in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53-6 (June 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-6 (June 2023) . - p.2362-2372 Titre : Exploring the Influence of Object Similarity and Desirability on Children?s Ownership Identification and Preferences in Autism and Typical Development : Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Calum HARTLEY, Auteur ; Laura-Ashleigh Bird, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2362-2372 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated how ownership identification accuracy and object preferences in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are influenced by visual distinctiveness and relative desirability. Unlike typically developing (TD) children matched on receptive language (M age equivalents: 58.8-59.9 months), children with ASD had difficulty identifying another person?s property when object discriminability was low and identifying their own relatively undesirable objects. Children with ASD identified novel objects designated to them with no greater accuracy than objects designated to others, and associating objects with the self did not bias their preferences. We propose that, due to differences in development of the psychological self, ownership does not increase the attentional or preferential salience of objects for children with ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05489-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=506 [article] Exploring the Influence of Object Similarity and Desirability on Children?s Ownership Identification and Preferences in Autism and Typical Development : Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Calum HARTLEY, Auteur ; Laura-Ashleigh Bird, Auteur . - p.2362-2372. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-6 (June 2023) . - p.2362-2372 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated how ownership identification accuracy and object preferences in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are influenced by visual distinctiveness and relative desirability. Unlike typically developing (TD) children matched on receptive language (M age equivalents: 58.8-59.9 months), children with ASD had difficulty identifying another person?s property when object discriminability was low and identifying their own relatively undesirable objects. Children with ASD identified novel objects designated to them with no greater accuracy than objects designated to others, and associating objects with the self did not bias their preferences. We propose that, due to differences in development of the psychological self, ownership does not increase the attentional or preferential salience of objects for children with ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05489-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=506

How do Autistic and Neurotypical Children?s Interests Influence their Accuracy During Novel Word Learning? / Gert WESTERMANN ; Calum HARTLEY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54-9 (September 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-9 (September 2024) . - p.3301-3315 Titre : How do Autistic and Neurotypical Children?s Interests Influence their Accuracy During Novel Word Learning? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gert WESTERMANN, Auteur ; Calum HARTLEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3301-3315 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Word learning depends on attention - children must focus on the right things at the right times. However, autistic children often display restricted interests, limiting their intake of stimuli during word learning. This study investigates how category interests influence word learning in autism and neurotypical development. Autistic and neurotypical children matched on receptive vocabulary used a touch-screen computer to learn novel words associated with animals (high-interest stimuli) and objects (neutral-interest stimuli) via fast mapping. Response accuracy and speed were examined at referent selection, 5-minute retention, and 24-hour retention. Both groups identified meanings of novel words associated with unfamiliar animals and objects via mutual exclusivity with comparable accuracy. After 5 minutes, autistic children retained animal names with greater accuracy than neurotypical children. Autistic children showed a greater increase in their accuracy between 5-minute and 24-hour retention and outperformed neurotypical children across conditions after a night?s sleep. Across groups, 24-hour retention was predicted by number of target word repetitions heard at referent selection, indicating a relationship between fast mapping input and retention. However, autistic children were slower to respond correctly, particularly in the animal condition. For autistic children, superior word learning associated with high-interest stimuli was relatively short-term, as sleep appeared to consolidate their memory representations for neutral-interest stimuli. Although these results demonstrate that fundamental word learning mechanisms are not atypical in autism, slower response times may signal a speed-accuracy trade-off that could have implications for naturalistic language acquisition. Our findings also indicate favourable environmental conditions to scaffold word learning. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06066-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=534 [article] How do Autistic and Neurotypical Children?s Interests Influence their Accuracy During Novel Word Learning? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gert WESTERMANN, Auteur ; Calum HARTLEY, Auteur . - p.3301-3315. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-9 (September 2024) . - p.3301-3315 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Word learning depends on attention - children must focus on the right things at the right times. However, autistic children often display restricted interests, limiting their intake of stimuli during word learning. This study investigates how category interests influence word learning in autism and neurotypical development. Autistic and neurotypical children matched on receptive vocabulary used a touch-screen computer to learn novel words associated with animals (high-interest stimuli) and objects (neutral-interest stimuli) via fast mapping. Response accuracy and speed were examined at referent selection, 5-minute retention, and 24-hour retention. Both groups identified meanings of novel words associated with unfamiliar animals and objects via mutual exclusivity with comparable accuracy. After 5 minutes, autistic children retained animal names with greater accuracy than neurotypical children. Autistic children showed a greater increase in their accuracy between 5-minute and 24-hour retention and outperformed neurotypical children across conditions after a night?s sleep. Across groups, 24-hour retention was predicted by number of target word repetitions heard at referent selection, indicating a relationship between fast mapping input and retention. However, autistic children were slower to respond correctly, particularly in the animal condition. For autistic children, superior word learning associated with high-interest stimuli was relatively short-term, as sleep appeared to consolidate their memory representations for neutral-interest stimuli. Although these results demonstrate that fundamental word learning mechanisms are not atypical in autism, slower response times may signal a speed-accuracy trade-off that could have implications for naturalistic language acquisition. Our findings also indicate favourable environmental conditions to scaffold word learning. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06066-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=534

Iconicity influences how effectively minimally verbal children with autism and ability-matched typically developing children use pictures as symbols in a search task / Calum HARTLEY in Autism, 19-5 (July 2015)  

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Symbolic Understanding of Pictures in Low-Functioning Children with Autism: The Effects of Iconicity and Naming / Calum HARTLEY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-1 (January 2015)  

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