Shifting visual attention to social and non-social stimuli in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Shuliang MO in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 65 (September 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 65 (September 2019) . - p.56-64 Titre : Shifting visual attention to social and non-social stimuli in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Shuliang MO, Auteur ; Liang LIANG, Auteur ; Nicole BARDIKOFF, Auteur ; Mark A. SABBAGH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.56-64 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Visual attentional shift and disengagement  Circumscribed interests  Social orienting  Eye-tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Some studies find that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) experience difficulties in disengaging their attention from one stimulus and shifting to another, but findings are mixed. It is possible that instead of being a domain-general characteristic of ASD, the attentional differences may be affected by participants’ inherent interest in the conceptual content of the stimuli they are shifting from and towards. Method Children with ASD (n?=?22) and age-matched typically developing (TD) children (n?=?22) Children participated in a gap-overlap visual attention paradigm and saccadic reaction time was measured. The central fixation stimulus was a conceptually neutral picture (i.e., a landscape photo) and there were three kinds of peripheral stimuli: social (faces), common objects, and objects that reflect stereotypical circumscribed interests of individuals with ASD (e.g., trains). On overlap trials, the peripheral stimulus appeared while the central fixation remained on the screen, thus fixating the peripheral stimulus required disengaging from the central stimulus and shifting. On gap trials, there was no overlap which minimized the requirement of disengaging prior to shifting. Results Data from the overlap trials showed that ASD children had more difficulty than TD children in disengaging from the neutral fixation to focus on any peripherally presented stimulus. However, they were quicker to fixate non-social peripheral stimuli that were related to their circumscribed interests compared with either faces or common objects. In contrast, TD children were quicker to fixate faces relative to the other stimuli. Conclusions These findings suggest that ASD is characterized by general difficulties in attentional control that affect disengaging, though the strength of these effects depends on children’s inherent interest in the peripheral stimulus. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.05.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401 [article] Shifting visual attention to social and non-social stimuli in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Shuliang MO, Auteur ; Liang LIANG, Auteur ; Nicole BARDIKOFF, Auteur ; Mark A. SABBAGH, Auteur . - p.56-64. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 65 (September 2019) . - p.56-64 Mots-clés : Autism  Visual attentional shift and disengagement  Circumscribed interests  Social orienting  Eye-tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Some studies find that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) experience difficulties in disengaging their attention from one stimulus and shifting to another, but findings are mixed. It is possible that instead of being a domain-general characteristic of ASD, the attentional differences may be affected by participants’ inherent interest in the conceptual content of the stimuli they are shifting from and towards. Method Children with ASD (n?=?22) and age-matched typically developing (TD) children (n?=?22) Children participated in a gap-overlap visual attention paradigm and saccadic reaction time was measured. The central fixation stimulus was a conceptually neutral picture (i.e., a landscape photo) and there were three kinds of peripheral stimuli: social (faces), common objects, and objects that reflect stereotypical circumscribed interests of individuals with ASD (e.g., trains). On overlap trials, the peripheral stimulus appeared while the central fixation remained on the screen, thus fixating the peripheral stimulus required disengaging from the central stimulus and shifting. On gap trials, there was no overlap which minimized the requirement of disengaging prior to shifting. Results Data from the overlap trials showed that ASD children had more difficulty than TD children in disengaging from the neutral fixation to focus on any peripherally presented stimulus. However, they were quicker to fixate non-social peripheral stimuli that were related to their circumscribed interests compared with either faces or common objects. In contrast, TD children were quicker to fixate faces relative to the other stimuli. Conclusions These findings suggest that ASD is characterized by general difficulties in attentional control that affect disengaging, though the strength of these effects depends on children’s inherent interest in the peripheral stimulus. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.05.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401

Testing nonverbal IQ in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Nicole BARDIKOFF in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8-9 (September 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-9 (September 2014) . - p.1200-1207 Titre : Testing nonverbal IQ in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicole BARDIKOFF, Auteur ; Margaret MCGONIGLE-CHALMERS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1200-1207 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : WISC-III  WISC-IV  KABC-II  Nonverbal IQ  Children with Autism  Spectrum Disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract 15 high-functioning school aged children with ASD and 15 neurotypically developing age matched controls were assessed using the WISC-IV and the KABC-II in order to assess whether the WISC-IV has rectified problems associated with the WISC-III's undue emphasis on timing measures. No significant group differences were found for the PRI sub-scale of the WISC-IV nor for the nonverbal scale of the KABC-II, but the ASD group scored significantly lower than controls on the Processing Speed Index of the WISC-IV. This supports the need to isolate of timing criteria when IQ testing in populations with ASD, as is now the case with the WISC-IV. However significantly higher scores were obtained for the KABC-II versus the PRI for children with ASD only. The reasons for this are discussed with regard to a possible cultural bias in the Picture Concepts subtest of the WISC-IV. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.06.007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] Testing nonverbal IQ in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicole BARDIKOFF, Auteur ; Margaret MCGONIGLE-CHALMERS, Auteur . - p.1200-1207. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-9 (September 2014) . - p.1200-1207 Mots-clés : WISC-III  WISC-IV  KABC-II  Nonverbal IQ  Children with Autism  Spectrum Disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract 15 high-functioning school aged children with ASD and 15 neurotypically developing age matched controls were assessed using the WISC-IV and the KABC-II in order to assess whether the WISC-IV has rectified problems associated with the WISC-III's undue emphasis on timing measures. No significant group differences were found for the PRI sub-scale of the WISC-IV nor for the nonverbal scale of the KABC-II, but the ASD group scored significantly lower than controls on the Processing Speed Index of the WISC-IV. This supports the need to isolate of timing criteria when IQ testing in populations with ASD, as is now the case with the WISC-IV. However significantly higher scores were obtained for the KABC-II versus the PRI for children with ASD only. The reasons for this are discussed with regard to a possible cultural bias in the Picture Concepts subtest of the WISC-IV. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.06.007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

---

1 (1 - 2 / 2)