Research Review: Polygenic methods and their application to psychiatric traits / Naomi R. WRAY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-10 (October 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-10 (October 2014) . - p.1068-1087 Titre : Research Review: Polygenic methods and their application to psychiatric traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Naomi R. WRAY, Auteur ; Sang Hong LEE, Auteur ; Divya MEHTA, Auteur ; Anna A. E. VINKHUYZEN, Auteur ; Frank DUDBRIDGE, Auteur ; Christel M. MIDDELDORP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1068-1087 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Polygenic risk scoring  genome-wide association studies  psychiatric disorders  heritability  SNP analyses  disease traits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Despite evidence from twin and family studies for an important contribution of genetic factors to both childhood and adult onset psychiatric disorders, identifying robustly associated specific DNA variants has proved challenging. In the pregenomics era the genetic architecture (number, frequency and effect size of risk variants) of complex genetic disorders was unknown. Empirical evidence for the genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders is emerging from the genetic studies of the last 5 years. Methods and scope We review the methods investigating the polygenic nature of complex disorders. We provide mini-guides to genomic profile (or polygenic) risk scoring and to estimation of variance (or heritability) from common SNPs; a glossary of key terms is also provided. We review results of applications of the methods to psychiatric disorders and related traits and consider how these methods inform on missing heritability, hidden heritability and still-missing heritability. Findings Genome-wide genotyping and sequencing studies are providing evidence that psychiatric disorders are truly polygenic, that is they have a genetic architecture of many genetic variants, including risk variants that are both common and rare in the population. Sample sizes published to date are mostly underpowered to detect effect sizes of the magnitude presented by nature, and these effect sizes may be constrained by the biological validity of the diagnostic constructs. Conclusions Increasing the sample size for genome wide association studies of psychiatric disorders will lead to the identification of more associated genetic variants, as already found for schizophrenia. These loci provide the starting point of functional analyses that might eventually lead to new prevention and treatment options and to improved biological validity of diagnostic constructs. Polygenic analyses will contribute further to our understanding of complex genetic traits as sample sizes increase and as sample resources become richer in phenotypic descriptors, both in terms of clinical symptoms and of nongenetic risk factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12295 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] Research Review: Polygenic methods and their application to psychiatric traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Naomi R. WRAY, Auteur ; Sang Hong LEE, Auteur ; Divya MEHTA, Auteur ; Anna A. E. VINKHUYZEN, Auteur ; Frank DUDBRIDGE, Auteur ; Christel M. MIDDELDORP, Auteur . - p.1068-1087. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-10 (October 2014) . - p.1068-1087 Mots-clés : Polygenic risk scoring  genome-wide association studies  psychiatric disorders  heritability  SNP analyses  disease traits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Despite evidence from twin and family studies for an important contribution of genetic factors to both childhood and adult onset psychiatric disorders, identifying robustly associated specific DNA variants has proved challenging. In the pregenomics era the genetic architecture (number, frequency and effect size of risk variants) of complex genetic disorders was unknown. Empirical evidence for the genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders is emerging from the genetic studies of the last 5 years. Methods and scope We review the methods investigating the polygenic nature of complex disorders. We provide mini-guides to genomic profile (or polygenic) risk scoring and to estimation of variance (or heritability) from common SNPs; a glossary of key terms is also provided. We review results of applications of the methods to psychiatric disorders and related traits and consider how these methods inform on missing heritability, hidden heritability and still-missing heritability. Findings Genome-wide genotyping and sequencing studies are providing evidence that psychiatric disorders are truly polygenic, that is they have a genetic architecture of many genetic variants, including risk variants that are both common and rare in the population. Sample sizes published to date are mostly underpowered to detect effect sizes of the magnitude presented by nature, and these effect sizes may be constrained by the biological validity of the diagnostic constructs. Conclusions Increasing the sample size for genome wide association studies of psychiatric disorders will lead to the identification of more associated genetic variants, as already found for schizophrenia. These loci provide the starting point of functional analyses that might eventually lead to new prevention and treatment options and to improved biological validity of diagnostic constructs. Polygenic analyses will contribute further to our understanding of complex genetic traits as sample sizes increase and as sample resources become richer in phenotypic descriptors, both in terms of clinical symptoms and of nongenetic risk factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12295 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

Sympathetic nervous system functioning during the face-to-face still-face paradigm in the first year of life / Louis KLEIN in Development and Psychopathology, 35-2 (May 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 35-2 (May 2023) . - p.471-480 Titre : Sympathetic nervous system functioning during the face-to-face still-face paradigm in the first year of life Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Louis KLEIN, Auteur ; Frances L. DOYLE, Auteur ; Jaimie C. NORTHAM, Auteur ; Valsamma EAPEN, Auteur ; Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; Caroline MOUL, Auteur ; Jenny L. RICHMOND, Auteur ; Divya MEHTA, Auteur ; Antonio MENDOZA DIAZ, Auteur ; Mark R. DADDS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.471-480 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : arousal  electrodermal activity  face-to-face still-face  infants  psychophysiology  responsiveness  skin conductance  sympathetic nervous system Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Contemporary theories of early development and emerging child psychopathology all posit a major, if not central role for physiological responsiveness. To understand infants' potential risk for emergent psychopathology, consideration is needed to both autonomic reactivity and environmental contexts (e.g., parent-child interactions). The current study maps infants' arousal during the face-to-face still-face paradigm using skin conductance (n = 255 ethnically-diverse mother-infant dyads; 52.5% girls, mean infant age = 7.4 months; SD = 0.9 months). A novel statistical approach was designed to model the potential build-up of nonlinear counter electromotive force over the course of the task. Results showed a significant increase in infants' skin conductance between the Baseline Free-play and the Still-Face phase, and a significant decrease in skin conductance during the Reunion Play when compared to the Still-Face phase. Skin conductance during the Reunion Play phase remained significantly higher than during the Baseline Play phase; indicating that infants had not fully recovered from the mild social stressor. These results further our understanding of infant arousal during dyadic interactions, and the role of caregivers in the development of emotion regulation during infancy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579421001553 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=503 [article] Sympathetic nervous system functioning during the face-to-face still-face paradigm in the first year of life [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Louis KLEIN, Auteur ; Frances L. DOYLE, Auteur ; Jaimie C. NORTHAM, Auteur ; Valsamma EAPEN, Auteur ; Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; Caroline MOUL, Auteur ; Jenny L. RICHMOND, Auteur ; Divya MEHTA, Auteur ; Antonio MENDOZA DIAZ, Auteur ; Mark R. DADDS, Auteur . - p.471-480. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 35-2 (May 2023) . - p.471-480 Mots-clés : arousal  electrodermal activity  face-to-face still-face  infants  psychophysiology  responsiveness  skin conductance  sympathetic nervous system Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Contemporary theories of early development and emerging child psychopathology all posit a major, if not central role for physiological responsiveness. To understand infants' potential risk for emergent psychopathology, consideration is needed to both autonomic reactivity and environmental contexts (e.g., parent-child interactions). The current study maps infants' arousal during the face-to-face still-face paradigm using skin conductance (n = 255 ethnically-diverse mother-infant dyads; 52.5% girls, mean infant age = 7.4 months; SD = 0.9 months). A novel statistical approach was designed to model the potential build-up of nonlinear counter electromotive force over the course of the task. Results showed a significant increase in infants' skin conductance between the Baseline Free-play and the Still-Face phase, and a significant decrease in skin conductance during the Reunion Play when compared to the Still-Face phase. Skin conductance during the Reunion Play phase remained significantly higher than during the Baseline Play phase; indicating that infants had not fully recovered from the mild social stressor. These results further our understanding of infant arousal during dyadic interactions, and the role of caregivers in the development of emotion regulation during infancy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579421001553 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=503

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