Comparison of spatial working memory in children with prenatal alcohol exposure and those diagnosed with ADHD; A functional magnetic resonance imaging study / K. L. MALISZA in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 4-1 (December 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 4-1 (December 2012) . - p.12 Titre : Comparison of spatial working memory in children with prenatal alcohol exposure and those diagnosed with ADHD; A functional magnetic resonance imaging study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. L. MALISZA, Auteur ; J. L. BUSS, Auteur ; R. B. BOLSTER, Auteur ; P. D. DE GERVAI, Auteur ; L. WOODS-FROHLICH, Auteur ; R. SUMMERS, Auteur ; C. A. CLANCY, Auteur ; A. E. CHUDLEY, Auteur ; S. LONGSTAFFE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.12 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) falls under the umbrella of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), but individuals do not demonstrate the facial characteristics associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), making diagnosis difficult. While attentional problems in ARND are similar to those found in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the underlying impairment in attention pathways may be different. METHODS: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of a working memory (1-back) task of 63 children, 10 to 14 years old, diagnosed with ARND and ADHD, as well as typically developing (TD) controls, was conducted at 3 T. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were also acquired. RESULTS: Activations were observed in posterior parietal and occipital regions in the TD group and in dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal regions in the ARND group, whereas the ADHD group activated only dorsolateral prefrontal regions, during the working memory component of the task (1-back minus 0-back contrast). The increases in frontal and parietal activity were significantly greater in the ARND group compared to the other groups. This increased activity was associated with reduced accuracy and increased response time variability, suggesting that ARND subjects exert greater effort to manage short-term memory load. Significantly greater intra-subject variability, demonstrated by fMRI region-of-interest analysis, in the ADHD and ARND groups compared to the TD group suggests that moment-to-moment lapses in attention contributed to their poorer task performance. Differences in functional activity in ARND subjects with and without a diagnosis of ADHD resulted primarily from reduced activation by the ARND/ADHD + group during the 0-back task. In contrast, children with ADHD alone clearly showed reduced activations during the 1-back task. DTI analysis revealed that the TD group had significantly higher total tract volume and number of fibers than the ARND group. These measures were negatively correlated with errors on the 1-back task, suggesting a link between white matter integrity and task performance. CONCLUSIONS: fMRI activations suggest that the similar behavior of children with ARND and ADHD on a spatial working memory task is the result of different cognitive events. The nature of ADHD in children with ARND appears to differ from that of children with ADHD alone. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-4-12 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=344 [article] Comparison of spatial working memory in children with prenatal alcohol exposure and those diagnosed with ADHD; A functional magnetic resonance imaging study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. L. MALISZA, Auteur ; J. L. BUSS, Auteur ; R. B. BOLSTER, Auteur ; P. D. DE GERVAI, Auteur ; L. WOODS-FROHLICH, Auteur ; R. SUMMERS, Auteur ; C. A. CLANCY, Auteur ; A. E. CHUDLEY, Auteur ; S. LONGSTAFFE, Auteur . - p.12. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 4-1 (December 2012) . - p.12 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) falls under the umbrella of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), but individuals do not demonstrate the facial characteristics associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), making diagnosis difficult. While attentional problems in ARND are similar to those found in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the underlying impairment in attention pathways may be different. METHODS: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of a working memory (1-back) task of 63 children, 10 to 14 years old, diagnosed with ARND and ADHD, as well as typically developing (TD) controls, was conducted at 3 T. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were also acquired. RESULTS: Activations were observed in posterior parietal and occipital regions in the TD group and in dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal regions in the ARND group, whereas the ADHD group activated only dorsolateral prefrontal regions, during the working memory component of the task (1-back minus 0-back contrast). The increases in frontal and parietal activity were significantly greater in the ARND group compared to the other groups. This increased activity was associated with reduced accuracy and increased response time variability, suggesting that ARND subjects exert greater effort to manage short-term memory load. Significantly greater intra-subject variability, demonstrated by fMRI region-of-interest analysis, in the ADHD and ARND groups compared to the TD group suggests that moment-to-moment lapses in attention contributed to their poorer task performance. Differences in functional activity in ARND subjects with and without a diagnosis of ADHD resulted primarily from reduced activation by the ARND/ADHD + group during the 0-back task. In contrast, children with ADHD alone clearly showed reduced activations during the 1-back task. DTI analysis revealed that the TD group had significantly higher total tract volume and number of fibers than the ARND group. These measures were negatively correlated with errors on the 1-back task, suggesting a link between white matter integrity and task performance. CONCLUSIONS: fMRI activations suggest that the similar behavior of children with ARND and ADHD on a spatial working memory task is the result of different cognitive events. The nature of ADHD in children with ARND appears to differ from that of children with ADHD alone. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-4-12 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=344

Visual search for feature conjunctions: an fMRI study comparing alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) to ADHD / C. R. O'CONAILL in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 7-1 (December 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.10 Titre : Visual search for feature conjunctions: an fMRI study comparing alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) to ADHD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. R. O'CONAILL, Auteur ; K. L. MALISZA, Auteur ; J. L. BUSS, Auteur ; R. B. BOLSTER, Auteur ; C. CLANCY, Auteur ; P. D. DE GERVAI, Auteur ; A. E. CHUDLEY, Auteur ; S. LONGSTAFFE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.10 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)  Attention  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)  Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)  Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)  Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)  Gray matter  Inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF)  Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS)  White matter Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) falls under the umbrella of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Diagnosis of ARND is difficult because individuals do not demonstrate the characteristic facial features associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). While attentional problems in ARND are similar to those found in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the underlying impairment in attention pathways may be different. METHODS: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was conducted at 3 T. Sixty-three children aged 10 to 14 years diagnosed with ARND, ADHD, and typically developing (TD) controls performed a single-feature and a feature-conjunction visual search task. RESULTS: Dorsal and ventral attention pathways were activated during both attention tasks in all groups. Significantly greater activation was observed in ARND subjects during a single-feature search as compared to TD and ADHD groups, suggesting ARND subjects require greater neural recruitment to perform this simple task. ARND subjects appear unable to effectively use the very efficient automatic perceptual 'pop-out' mechanism employed by TD and ADHD groups during presentation of the disjunction array. By comparison, activation was lower in ARND compared to TD and ADHD subjects during the more difficult conjunction search task as compared to the single-feature search. Analysis of DTI data using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) showed areas of significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) in ARND compared to TD subjects. Damage to the white matter of the ILF may compromise the ventral attention pathway and may require subjects to use the dorsal attention pathway, which is associated with effortful top-down processing, for tasks that should be automatic. Decreased functional activity in the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) of ARND subjects may be due to a reduction in the white matter tract's ability to efficiently convey information critical to performance of the attention tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Limited activation patterns in ARND suggest problems in information processing along the ventral frontoparietal attention pathway. Poor integrity of the ILF, which connects the functional components of the ventral attention network, in ARND subjects may contribute to the attention deficits characteristic of the disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9106-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347 [article] Visual search for feature conjunctions: an fMRI study comparing alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) to ADHD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. R. O'CONAILL, Auteur ; K. L. MALISZA, Auteur ; J. L. BUSS, Auteur ; R. B. BOLSTER, Auteur ; C. CLANCY, Auteur ; P. D. DE GERVAI, Auteur ; A. E. CHUDLEY, Auteur ; S. LONGSTAFFE, Auteur . - p.10. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.10 Mots-clés : Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)  Attention  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)  Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)  Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)  Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)  Gray matter  Inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF)  Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS)  White matter Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) falls under the umbrella of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Diagnosis of ARND is difficult because individuals do not demonstrate the characteristic facial features associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). While attentional problems in ARND are similar to those found in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the underlying impairment in attention pathways may be different. METHODS: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was conducted at 3 T. Sixty-three children aged 10 to 14 years diagnosed with ARND, ADHD, and typically developing (TD) controls performed a single-feature and a feature-conjunction visual search task. RESULTS: Dorsal and ventral attention pathways were activated during both attention tasks in all groups. Significantly greater activation was observed in ARND subjects during a single-feature search as compared to TD and ADHD groups, suggesting ARND subjects require greater neural recruitment to perform this simple task. ARND subjects appear unable to effectively use the very efficient automatic perceptual 'pop-out' mechanism employed by TD and ADHD groups during presentation of the disjunction array. By comparison, activation was lower in ARND compared to TD and ADHD subjects during the more difficult conjunction search task as compared to the single-feature search. Analysis of DTI data using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) showed areas of significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) in ARND compared to TD subjects. Damage to the white matter of the ILF may compromise the ventral attention pathway and may require subjects to use the dorsal attention pathway, which is associated with effortful top-down processing, for tasks that should be automatic. Decreased functional activity in the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) of ARND subjects may be due to a reduction in the white matter tract's ability to efficiently convey information critical to performance of the attention tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Limited activation patterns in ARND suggest problems in information processing along the ventral frontoparietal attention pathway. Poor integrity of the ILF, which connects the functional components of the ventral attention network, in ARND subjects may contribute to the attention deficits characteristic of the disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9106-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347

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