Dépouillements

Editorial: Tracking the impact of early adversity / Barbara MAUGHAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-10 (October 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1077-1078 Titre : Editorial: Tracking the impact of early adversity Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1077-1078 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02319.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110 [article] Editorial: Tracking the impact of early adversity [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1077-1078. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1077-1078 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02319.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110

Research Review: The neurobiology and genetics of maltreatment and adversity / Eamon J. MCCRORY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-10 (October 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1079-1095 Titre : Research Review: The neurobiology and genetics of maltreatment and adversity Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eamon J. MCCRORY, Auteur ; Stephane A. DE BRITO, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1079-1095 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child-abuse maltreatment neuroscience genetics HPA psychopathology resilience cortisol Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The neurobiological mechanisms by which childhood maltreatment heightens vulnerability to psychopathology remain poorly understood. It is likely that a complex interaction between environmental experiences (including poor caregiving) and an individual’s genetic make-up influence neurobiological development across infancy and childhood, which in turn sets the stage for a child’s psychological and emotional development. This review provides a concise synopsis of those studies investigating the neurobiological and genetic factors associated with childhood maltreatment and adversity. We first provide an overview of the neuroendocrine findings, drawing from animal and human studies. These studies indicate an association between early adversity and atypical development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stress response, which can predispose to psychiatric vulnerability in adulthood. We then review the neuroimaging findings of structural and functional brain differences in children and adults who have experienced childhood maltreatment. These studies offer evidence of several structural differences associated with early stress, most notably in the corpus callosum in children and the hippocampus in adults; functional studies have reported atypical activation of several brain regions, including decreased activity of the prefrontal cortex. Next we consider studies that suggest that the effect of environmental adversity may be conditional on an individual’s genotype. We also briefly consider the possible role that epigenetic mechanisms might play in mediating the impact of early adversity. Finally we consider several ways in which the neurobiological and genetic research may be relevant to clinical practice and intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02271.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110 [article] Research Review: The neurobiology and genetics of maltreatment and adversity [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eamon J. MCCRORY, Auteur ; Stephane A. DE BRITO, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1079-1095. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1079-1095 Mots-clés : Child-abuse maltreatment neuroscience genetics HPA psychopathology resilience cortisol Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The neurobiological mechanisms by which childhood maltreatment heightens vulnerability to psychopathology remain poorly understood. It is likely that a complex interaction between environmental experiences (including poor caregiving) and an individual’s genetic make-up influence neurobiological development across infancy and childhood, which in turn sets the stage for a child’s psychological and emotional development. This review provides a concise synopsis of those studies investigating the neurobiological and genetic factors associated with childhood maltreatment and adversity. We first provide an overview of the neuroendocrine findings, drawing from animal and human studies. These studies indicate an association between early adversity and atypical development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stress response, which can predispose to psychiatric vulnerability in adulthood. We then review the neuroimaging findings of structural and functional brain differences in children and adults who have experienced childhood maltreatment. These studies offer evidence of several structural differences associated with early stress, most notably in the corpus callosum in children and the hippocampus in adults; functional studies have reported atypical activation of several brain regions, including decreased activity of the prefrontal cortex. Next we consider studies that suggest that the effect of environmental adversity may be conditional on an individual’s genotype. We also briefly consider the possible role that epigenetic mechanisms might play in mediating the impact of early adversity. Finally we consider several ways in which the neurobiological and genetic research may be relevant to clinical practice and intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02271.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110

The psychological impact of forced displacement and related risk factors on Eastern Congolese adolescents affected by war / Cindy MELS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-10 (October 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1096-1104 Titre : The psychological impact of forced displacement and related risk factors on Eastern Congolese adolescents affected by war Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cindy MELS, Auteur ; Ilse DERLUYN, Auteur ; Eric BROEKAERT, Auteur ; Yves ROSSEEL, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1096-1104 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : War internal-displacement resettlement mental-health adolescents trauma daily-stressors Democratic-Republic-of-Congo refugees Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  While the current knowledge base on the mental health effects of displacement is mainly limited to refugees residing in industrialised countries, this paper examines the impact of war-induced displacement and related risk factors on the mental health of Eastern Congolese adolescents, and compares currently internally displaced adolescents to returnees and non-displaced peers. Methods:  Data were collected from a community sample of 819 adolescents aged 13 to 21 years, attending one of 10 selected schools across the Ituri district in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Respondents completed culturally adapted self-report measures of posttraumatic stress symptoms (using the Impact of Event Scale – Revised) and internalising and externalising behaviour problems (by means of the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist – 37 for Adolescents). Associated factors studied were age, sex, parental death, exposure to war-related violence and daily stressors. Results:  Internally displaced persons (IDPs) reported highest mean scores for the IES-R and the HSCL-37A internalising scale, followed by returnees, while non-displaced adolescents scored significantly lower. However, ANCOVA tests showed that posttraumatic stress and internalising symptoms were mainly associated with traumatic exposure and daily stressors and not with displacement status. Externalising problem scores were associated with traumatic exposure, daily stressors and displacement. Remarkably, death of father was associated with fewer externalising problems. Sex was differently associated with internalising and externalising problems through traumatic and daily stressors. Conclusions:  As IDPs are highly exposed to violence and daily stressors, they report most psychological distress, when compared to returnees and non-displaced peers. The distinct mental health outcomes for returned youngsters illustrate how enhancing current socio-economic living conditions of war-affected adolescents could stimulate resilient outcomes, despite former trauma or displacement. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02241.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110 [article] The psychological impact of forced displacement and related risk factors on Eastern Congolese adolescents affected by war [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cindy MELS, Auteur ; Ilse DERLUYN, Auteur ; Eric BROEKAERT, Auteur ; Yves ROSSEEL, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1096-1104. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1096-1104 Mots-clés : War internal-displacement resettlement mental-health adolescents trauma daily-stressors Democratic-Republic-of-Congo refugees Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  While the current knowledge base on the mental health effects of displacement is mainly limited to refugees residing in industrialised countries, this paper examines the impact of war-induced displacement and related risk factors on the mental health of Eastern Congolese adolescents, and compares currently internally displaced adolescents to returnees and non-displaced peers. Methods:  Data were collected from a community sample of 819 adolescents aged 13 to 21 years, attending one of 10 selected schools across the Ituri district in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Respondents completed culturally adapted self-report measures of posttraumatic stress symptoms (using the Impact of Event Scale – Revised) and internalising and externalising behaviour problems (by means of the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist – 37 for Adolescents). Associated factors studied were age, sex, parental death, exposure to war-related violence and daily stressors. Results:  Internally displaced persons (IDPs) reported highest mean scores for the IES-R and the HSCL-37A internalising scale, followed by returnees, while non-displaced adolescents scored significantly lower. However, ANCOVA tests showed that posttraumatic stress and internalising symptoms were mainly associated with traumatic exposure and daily stressors and not with displacement status. Externalising problem scores were associated with traumatic exposure, daily stressors and displacement. Remarkably, death of father was associated with fewer externalising problems. Sex was differently associated with internalising and externalising problems through traumatic and daily stressors. Conclusions:  As IDPs are highly exposed to violence and daily stressors, they report most psychological distress, when compared to returnees and non-displaced peers. The distinct mental health outcomes for returned youngsters illustrate how enhancing current socio-economic living conditions of war-affected adolescents could stimulate resilient outcomes, despite former trauma or displacement. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02241.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110

Sensory processing in internationally adopted, post-institutionalized children / Julia WILBARGER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-10 (October 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1105-1114 Titre : Sensory processing in internationally adopted, post-institutionalized children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Julia WILBARGER, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur ; Mary SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Seth D. POLLAK, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1105-1114 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Institutional-care early-deprivation international-adoption sensory-processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background/Methods:  Sensory processing capacities of 8–12-year-old internationally adopted (IA) children who experienced prolonged institutional care (> 12 months with 75% of pre-adoption lives in institutional care) prior to adoption into family environments (PI) were compared to a group of IA children who were adopted early (< 8 months) predominantly from foster care with little or no institutional experience (EA/FC) and another group of non-adopted (NA) children raised by their birth parents in the United States. All children had estimated IQs within the normal range and did not evidence major neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., cerebral palsy, fetal alcohol syndrome, Down’s syndrome). Sensory processing was evaluated with a commonly used parent-report measure and a laboratory assessment. Results:  Children who had experienced prolonged institutionalization showed higher levels of reactivity to sensation and displayed both more aversion and approach to sensory stimuli than the other groups. The comparison groups (EA/FC & NA) did not differ on any of the sensory processing measures. Conclusions:  These results suggest that early institutional rearing which typically involves both sensory and social deprivation is associated with problems in sensory modulation capacities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02255.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110 [article] Sensory processing in internationally adopted, post-institutionalized children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Julia WILBARGER, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur ; Mary SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Seth D. POLLAK, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1105-1114. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1105-1114 Mots-clés : Institutional-care early-deprivation international-adoption sensory-processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background/Methods:  Sensory processing capacities of 8–12-year-old internationally adopted (IA) children who experienced prolonged institutional care (> 12 months with 75% of pre-adoption lives in institutional care) prior to adoption into family environments (PI) were compared to a group of IA children who were adopted early (< 8 months) predominantly from foster care with little or no institutional experience (EA/FC) and another group of non-adopted (NA) children raised by their birth parents in the United States. All children had estimated IQs within the normal range and did not evidence major neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., cerebral palsy, fetal alcohol syndrome, Down’s syndrome). Sensory processing was evaluated with a commonly used parent-report measure and a laboratory assessment. Results:  Children who had experienced prolonged institutionalization showed higher levels of reactivity to sensation and displayed both more aversion and approach to sensory stimuli than the other groups. The comparison groups (EA/FC & NA) did not differ on any of the sensory processing measures. Conclusions:  These results suggest that early institutional rearing which typically involves both sensory and social deprivation is associated with problems in sensory modulation capacities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02255.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110

Intrusive thoughts and young children’s knowledge about thinking following a natural disaster / Manuel SPRUNG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-10 (October 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1115-1124 Titre : Intrusive thoughts and young children’s knowledge about thinking following a natural disaster Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Manuel SPRUNG, Auteur ; Paul L. HARRIS, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1115-1124 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Natural-disaster hurricanes posttraumatic-stress-disorder-(PTSD)intrusive-thoughts knowledge-about-thinking introspection theory-of-mind trauma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Hurricane Katrina devastated the Mississippi Gulf Coast in August 2005. Intrusive re-experiencing is a common posttraumatic stress symptom. However, young children with limited introspection skills might have difficulties identifying their intrusive thoughts. Method:  A sample of 165 5- to 9-year-old children were surveyed about their unwanted intrusive thoughts and their knowledge about thinking, 10 months following the hurricane. Results:  Results replicate and extend the findings from a previous study (Sprung, 2008). Although there was no difference in the overall occurrence of intrusive thoughts, there was a striking difference between hurricane-exposed and control children in their contents. Children’s knowledge about thinking was linked to their ability to report on their negative intrusive thoughts, even taking language ability into account. Conclusion:  There is a shift toward negative content following hurricane exposure compared with non-hurricane-exposed children and knowledge about thinking is linked to the reporting of such intrusive thoughts. Implications for current research on autobiographical memory and for interventions following potentially traumatic events are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02273.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110 [article] Intrusive thoughts and young children’s knowledge about thinking following a natural disaster [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Manuel SPRUNG, Auteur ; Paul L. HARRIS, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1115-1124. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1115-1124 Mots-clés : Natural-disaster hurricanes posttraumatic-stress-disorder-(PTSD)intrusive-thoughts knowledge-about-thinking introspection theory-of-mind trauma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Hurricane Katrina devastated the Mississippi Gulf Coast in August 2005. Intrusive re-experiencing is a common posttraumatic stress symptom. However, young children with limited introspection skills might have difficulties identifying their intrusive thoughts. Method:  A sample of 165 5- to 9-year-old children were surveyed about their unwanted intrusive thoughts and their knowledge about thinking, 10 months following the hurricane. Results:  Results replicate and extend the findings from a previous study (Sprung, 2008). Although there was no difference in the overall occurrence of intrusive thoughts, there was a striking difference between hurricane-exposed and control children in their contents. Children’s knowledge about thinking was linked to their ability to report on their negative intrusive thoughts, even taking language ability into account. Conclusion:  There is a shift toward negative content following hurricane exposure compared with non-hurricane-exposed children and knowledge about thinking is linked to the reporting of such intrusive thoughts. Implications for current research on autobiographical memory and for interventions following potentially traumatic events are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02273.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110

Negative and atypical story content themes depicted by children with behaviour problems / Ming Wai WAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-10 (October 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1125-1131 Titre : Negative and atypical story content themes depicted by children with behaviour problems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ming Wai WAN, Auteur ; Jonathan GREEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1125-1131 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Conduct-disorder maternal-depression doll-play mother–child-relations story-stems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Keywords:Conduct disorder;maternal depression;doll play;mother–child relations;story stems Background:  Specific thematic content arising from children’s doll play is often considered to give clinically meaningful information regarding their mental state, but has received little systematic enquiry. This exploratory study examined the negative and atypical content themes in the attachment story narratives of children with behaviour problems, and their associations with child symptomatology and parental depressed mood. Method:  Videotaped mother–child attachment doll play completions of 77 children from a clinical sample were blind coded for negative content themes. Mothers completed questionnaires for maternal depression and child behaviour. Results:  Children rating positive for behaviour disorder were more likely to represent maternal injury, role reversal and marked maternal sadness. Severe behavioural symptoms were associated with more pervasive negative themes. Half of the overall sample depicted child accidents and maternal unresponsiveness, whereas child aggression, child anger and maternal absence were rare. Girls with depressed mothers showed an absence of particular negative representations (e.g., child sadness) compared to boys. Conclusions:  Specific atypical themes are associated with the extent of child psychopathology and may be modified by exposure to maternal depressed mood. The methodological limitations in this exploratory study are also discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02239.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110 [article] Negative and atypical story content themes depicted by children with behaviour problems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ming Wai WAN, Auteur ; Jonathan GREEN, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1125-1131. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1125-1131 Mots-clés : Conduct-disorder maternal-depression doll-play mother–child-relations story-stems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Keywords:Conduct disorder;maternal depression;doll play;mother–child relations;story stems Background:  Specific thematic content arising from children’s doll play is often considered to give clinically meaningful information regarding their mental state, but has received little systematic enquiry. This exploratory study examined the negative and atypical content themes in the attachment story narratives of children with behaviour problems, and their associations with child symptomatology and parental depressed mood. Method:  Videotaped mother–child attachment doll play completions of 77 children from a clinical sample were blind coded for negative content themes. Mothers completed questionnaires for maternal depression and child behaviour. Results:  Children rating positive for behaviour disorder were more likely to represent maternal injury, role reversal and marked maternal sadness. Severe behavioural symptoms were associated with more pervasive negative themes. Half of the overall sample depicted child accidents and maternal unresponsiveness, whereas child aggression, child anger and maternal absence were rare. Girls with depressed mothers showed an absence of particular negative representations (e.g., child sadness) compared to boys. Conclusions:  Specific atypical themes are associated with the extent of child psychopathology and may be modified by exposure to maternal depressed mood. The methodological limitations in this exploratory study are also discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02239.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110

Exposure to potentially traumatic events in early childhood: differential links to emergent psychopathology / Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-10 (October 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1132-1140 Titre : Exposure to potentially traumatic events in early childhood: differential links to emergent psychopathology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur ; Kimberly J. MCCARTHY, Auteur ; Marilyn AUGUSTYN, Auteur ; Julian D. FORD, Auteur ; Roseanne CLARK, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1132-1140 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Early-childhood symptoms disorders posttraumatic-stress violence contextual-risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective:  To examine associations between exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and clinical patterns of symptoms and disorders in preschool children. Method:  Two hundred and thirteen referred and non-referred children, ages 24 to 48 months (MN = 34.9, SD = 6.7 months) were studied. Lifetime exposure to PTEs (family violence and non-interpersonal events) and recent stressful life events were assessed with the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA) and Child Life Events Scale. Child psychiatric symptoms and disorders were assessed with parent-reports in the PAPA, a comprehensive, developmentally sensitive interview. Sociodemographic risk, parental anxiety and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression, Beck Anxiety Inventory), and child developmental level (Mullen Scales of Early Learning) also were assessed. Results:  Violence exposure was broadly associated with psychiatric status in the areas of depression, separation anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and conduct problems, whereas potentially traumatic non-interpersonal exposure was associated with phobic anxiety. The majority of the associations between violence exposure and preschoolers’ symptoms were significant even when other key factors, including economic disadvantage and parental mood and anxiety symptoms, were controlled statistically. However, parental depressive/anxious symptoms may have partially or fully mediated the relationships between violence exposure and depressive and conduct symptoms. Conclusions:  Evidence of robust associations between violence exposure and early childhood internalizing and externalizing disorders and symptoms highlights the need for longitudinal prospective research concerning neurodevelopmental mechanisms and pathways. Findings underscore the relevance of assessing trauma exposure, particularly interpersonal violence, to identify young children at risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02256.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110 [article] Exposure to potentially traumatic events in early childhood: differential links to emergent psychopathology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur ; Kimberly J. MCCARTHY, Auteur ; Marilyn AUGUSTYN, Auteur ; Julian D. FORD, Auteur ; Roseanne CLARK, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1132-1140. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1132-1140 Mots-clés : Early-childhood symptoms disorders posttraumatic-stress violence contextual-risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective:  To examine associations between exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and clinical patterns of symptoms and disorders in preschool children. Method:  Two hundred and thirteen referred and non-referred children, ages 24 to 48 months (MN = 34.9, SD = 6.7 months) were studied. Lifetime exposure to PTEs (family violence and non-interpersonal events) and recent stressful life events were assessed with the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA) and Child Life Events Scale. Child psychiatric symptoms and disorders were assessed with parent-reports in the PAPA, a comprehensive, developmentally sensitive interview. Sociodemographic risk, parental anxiety and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression, Beck Anxiety Inventory), and child developmental level (Mullen Scales of Early Learning) also were assessed. Results:  Violence exposure was broadly associated with psychiatric status in the areas of depression, separation anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and conduct problems, whereas potentially traumatic non-interpersonal exposure was associated with phobic anxiety. The majority of the associations between violence exposure and preschoolers’ symptoms were significant even when other key factors, including economic disadvantage and parental mood and anxiety symptoms, were controlled statistically. However, parental depressive/anxious symptoms may have partially or fully mediated the relationships between violence exposure and depressive and conduct symptoms. Conclusions:  Evidence of robust associations between violence exposure and early childhood internalizing and externalizing disorders and symptoms highlights the need for longitudinal prospective research concerning neurodevelopmental mechanisms and pathways. Findings underscore the relevance of assessing trauma exposure, particularly interpersonal violence, to identify young children at risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02256.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110

Psychosocial mediators and moderators of the effect of peer-victimization upon depressive symptomatology / Simon C. HUNTER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-10 (October 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1141-1149 Titre : Psychosocial mediators and moderators of the effect of peer-victimization upon depressive symptomatology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Simon C. HUNTER, Auteur ; Kevin DURKIN, Auteur ; Derek HEIM, Auteur ; Christine HOWE, Auteur ; Dermot BERGIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1141-1149 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Appraisal depression discrimination peer-victimization social-identity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Intervention strategies and developmental models of stress have been criticized for failing to integrate social psychological variables. This study investigates both self-referential cognitive mediators (perceived threat and control) and a social psychological moderator (ethnic/religious identity) of the effect of peer-victimization upon depressive symptomatology. Methods:  Self-report questionnaires were completed by 924 students (46% female), aged 8 to 12 years. Experiences of discriminatory and non-discriminatory peer-victimization, threat and control appraisals, depressive symptoms, and strength of main identity were assessed. Results:  Perceived threat partially mediated the effect of peer-victimization (regardless of whether it was discriminatory or not) on depressive symptoms. Perceived control partially mediated the effect of non-discriminatory peer-victimization on depressive symptoms. Strength of ethnic/religious identity buffered the effect of peer-victimization on depressive symptoms. Victimization perceived to be discriminatory in nature was more strongly associated with depressive symptoms than non-discriminatory victimization. Conclusions:  Findings support calls for a greater emphasis to be placed on social psychological variables in explaining depressive symptomatology. For clinical, counseling and intervention purposes, it is important to examine whether victims perceive peer-victimization as discriminatory and whether their own strength of identity affects symptomatology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02253.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110 [article] Psychosocial mediators and moderators of the effect of peer-victimization upon depressive symptomatology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Simon C. HUNTER, Auteur ; Kevin DURKIN, Auteur ; Derek HEIM, Auteur ; Christine HOWE, Auteur ; Dermot BERGIN, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1141-1149. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1141-1149 Mots-clés : Appraisal depression discrimination peer-victimization social-identity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Intervention strategies and developmental models of stress have been criticized for failing to integrate social psychological variables. This study investigates both self-referential cognitive mediators (perceived threat and control) and a social psychological moderator (ethnic/religious identity) of the effect of peer-victimization upon depressive symptomatology. Methods:  Self-report questionnaires were completed by 924 students (46% female), aged 8 to 12 years. Experiences of discriminatory and non-discriminatory peer-victimization, threat and control appraisals, depressive symptoms, and strength of main identity were assessed. Results:  Perceived threat partially mediated the effect of peer-victimization (regardless of whether it was discriminatory or not) on depressive symptoms. Perceived control partially mediated the effect of non-discriminatory peer-victimization on depressive symptoms. Strength of ethnic/religious identity buffered the effect of peer-victimization on depressive symptoms. Victimization perceived to be discriminatory in nature was more strongly associated with depressive symptoms than non-discriminatory victimization. Conclusions:  Findings support calls for a greater emphasis to be placed on social psychological variables in explaining depressive symptomatology. For clinical, counseling and intervention purposes, it is important to examine whether victims perceive peer-victimization as discriminatory and whether their own strength of identity affects symptomatology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02253.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110

The effects of maternal postnatal depression and child sex on academic performance at age 16 years: a developmental approach / Lynne MURRAY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-10 (October 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1150-1159 Titre : The effects of maternal postnatal depression and child sex on academic performance at age 16 years: a developmental approach Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lynne MURRAY, Auteur ; Peter J. COOPER, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Adriane ARTECHE, Auteur ; Sarah L. HALLIGAN, Auteur ; Tim J. CROUDACE, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1150-1159 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Academic-performance cognitive-development IQ postnatal-depression mother–child-interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Postnatal depression (PND) is associated with poor cognitive functioning in infancy and the early school years; long-term effects on academic outcome are not known. Method:  Children of postnatally depressed (N = 50) and non-depressed mothers (N = 39), studied from infancy, were followed up at 16 years. We examined the effects on General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exam performance of maternal depression (postnatal and subsequent) and IQ, child sex and earlier cognitive development, and mother–child interactions, using structural equation modelling (SEM). Results:  Boys, but not girls, of PND mothers had poorer GCSE results than control children. This was principally accounted for by effects on early child cognitive functioning, which showed strong continuity from infancy. PND had continuing negative effects on maternal interactions through childhood, and these also contributed to poorer GCSE performance. Neither chronic, nor recent, exposure to maternal depression had significant effects. Conclusions:  The adverse effects of PND on male infants’ cognitive functioning may persist through development. Continuing difficulties in mother–child interactions are also important, suggesting that both early intervention and continuing monitoring of mothers with PND may be warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02259.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110 [article] The effects of maternal postnatal depression and child sex on academic performance at age 16 years: a developmental approach [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lynne MURRAY, Auteur ; Peter J. COOPER, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Adriane ARTECHE, Auteur ; Sarah L. HALLIGAN, Auteur ; Tim J. CROUDACE, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1150-1159. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1150-1159 Mots-clés : Academic-performance cognitive-development IQ postnatal-depression mother–child-interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Postnatal depression (PND) is associated with poor cognitive functioning in infancy and the early school years; long-term effects on academic outcome are not known. Method:  Children of postnatally depressed (N = 50) and non-depressed mothers (N = 39), studied from infancy, were followed up at 16 years. We examined the effects on General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exam performance of maternal depression (postnatal and subsequent) and IQ, child sex and earlier cognitive development, and mother–child interactions, using structural equation modelling (SEM). Results:  Boys, but not girls, of PND mothers had poorer GCSE results than control children. This was principally accounted for by effects on early child cognitive functioning, which showed strong continuity from infancy. PND had continuing negative effects on maternal interactions through childhood, and these also contributed to poorer GCSE performance. Neither chronic, nor recent, exposure to maternal depression had significant effects. Conclusions:  The adverse effects of PND on male infants’ cognitive functioning may persist through development. Continuing difficulties in mother–child interactions are also important, suggesting that both early intervention and continuing monitoring of mothers with PND may be warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02259.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110

Long-term effects of a home-visiting intervention for depressed mothers and their infants / Laura E. KERSTEN-ALVAREZ in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-10 (October 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1160-1170 Titre : Long-term effects of a home-visiting intervention for depressed mothers and their infants Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laura E. KERSTEN-ALVAREZ, Auteur ; J. Marianne RIKSEN-WALRAVEN, Auteur ; Clemens HOSMAN, Auteur ; Karin T.M. VAN DOESUM, Auteur ; Cees HOEFNAGELS, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1160-1170 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Whereas preventive interventions for depressed mothers and their infants have yielded positive short-term outcomes, few studies have examined their long-term effectiveness. The present follow-up of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) is one of the first to examine the longer-term effects of an intervention for mothers with postpartum depression and their infants at school-age. In early infancy, the intervention was found effective in improving mother–infant interaction and the child’s attachment to its mother. Methods:  Twenty-nine mother–child pairs who completed the intervention are compared with 29 untreated mother–child dyads as to the quality of maternal interactive behaviour and the child outcomes of attachment security to the mother, self-esteem, ego-resiliency, verbal intelligence, prosocial behaviour, school adjustment, and behaviour problems at age 5 (M = 68 months). Results:  In the total sample no lasting treatment benefits were found, but in families reporting a higher number of stressful life events, children in the intervention group had fewer externalising behaviour problems as rated by their mothers than children in the control group. Conclusions:  In the context of multiple stressful life events the intervention served as a buffer by preventing the development of externalising problems in the child. The results warrant cautious interpretation because of the relatively small sample size and differential attrition revealing the mothers that completed the follow-up assessment to have improved less on maternal sensitivity following the intervention than the mothers who did not participate in the follow-up. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02268.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110 [article] Long-term effects of a home-visiting intervention for depressed mothers and their infants [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laura E. KERSTEN-ALVAREZ, Auteur ; J. Marianne RIKSEN-WALRAVEN, Auteur ; Clemens HOSMAN, Auteur ; Karin T.M. VAN DOESUM, Auteur ; Cees HOEFNAGELS, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1160-1170. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1160-1170 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Whereas preventive interventions for depressed mothers and their infants have yielded positive short-term outcomes, few studies have examined their long-term effectiveness. The present follow-up of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) is one of the first to examine the longer-term effects of an intervention for mothers with postpartum depression and their infants at school-age. In early infancy, the intervention was found effective in improving mother–infant interaction and the child’s attachment to its mother. Methods:  Twenty-nine mother–child pairs who completed the intervention are compared with 29 untreated mother–child dyads as to the quality of maternal interactive behaviour and the child outcomes of attachment security to the mother, self-esteem, ego-resiliency, verbal intelligence, prosocial behaviour, school adjustment, and behaviour problems at age 5 (M = 68 months). Results:  In the total sample no lasting treatment benefits were found, but in families reporting a higher number of stressful life events, children in the intervention group had fewer externalising behaviour problems as rated by their mothers than children in the control group. Conclusions:  In the context of multiple stressful life events the intervention served as a buffer by preventing the development of externalising problems in the child. The results warrant cautious interpretation because of the relatively small sample size and differential attrition revealing the mothers that completed the follow-up assessment to have improved less on maternal sensitivity following the intervention than the mothers who did not participate in the follow-up. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02268.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110

Why do British Indian children have an apparent mental health advantage? / Anna GOODMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-10 (October 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1171-1183 Titre : Why do British Indian children have an apparent mental health advantage? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anna GOODMAN, Auteur ; Vikram PATEL, Auteur ; David A. LEON, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1171-1183 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cross-cultural-comparison British-Indians advantaged-groups information-bias minority-ethnic-mental-health externalising-problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Previous studies document a mental health advantage in British Indian children, particularly for externalising problems. The causes of this advantage are unknown. Methods:  Subjects were 13,836 White children and 361 Indian children aged 5–16 years from the English subsample of the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys. The primary mental health outcome was the parent Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Mental health was also assessed using the teacher and child SDQs; diagnostic interviews with parents, teachers and children; and multi-informant clinician-rated diagnoses. Multiple child, family, school and area factors were examined as possible mediators or confounders in explaining observed ethnic differences. Results:  Indian children had a large advantage for externalising problems and disorders, and little or no difference for internalising problems and disorders. This was observed across all mental health outcomes, including teacher-reported and diagnostic interview measures. Detailed psychometric analyses provided no suggestion of information bias. The Indian advantage for externalising problems was partly mediated by Indian children being more likely to live in two-parent families and less likely to have academic difficulties. Yet after adjusting for these and all other covariates, the unexplained Indian advantage only reduced by about a quarter (from 1.08 to .71 parent SDQ points) and remained highly significant (p < .001). This Indian advantage was largely confined to families of low socio-economic position. Conclusion:  The Indian mental health advantage is real and is specific to externalising problems. Family type and academic abilities mediate part of the advantage, but most is not explained by major risk factors. Likewise unexplained is the absence in Indian children of a socio-economic gradient in mental health. Further investigation of the Indian advantage may yield insights into novel ways to promote child mental health and child mental health equity in all ethnic groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02260.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110 [article] Why do British Indian children have an apparent mental health advantage? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anna GOODMAN, Auteur ; Vikram PATEL, Auteur ; David A. LEON, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1171-1183. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1171-1183 Mots-clés : Cross-cultural-comparison British-Indians advantaged-groups information-bias minority-ethnic-mental-health externalising-problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Previous studies document a mental health advantage in British Indian children, particularly for externalising problems. The causes of this advantage are unknown. Methods:  Subjects were 13,836 White children and 361 Indian children aged 5–16 years from the English subsample of the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys. The primary mental health outcome was the parent Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Mental health was also assessed using the teacher and child SDQs; diagnostic interviews with parents, teachers and children; and multi-informant clinician-rated diagnoses. Multiple child, family, school and area factors were examined as possible mediators or confounders in explaining observed ethnic differences. Results:  Indian children had a large advantage for externalising problems and disorders, and little or no difference for internalising problems and disorders. This was observed across all mental health outcomes, including teacher-reported and diagnostic interview measures. Detailed psychometric analyses provided no suggestion of information bias. The Indian advantage for externalising problems was partly mediated by Indian children being more likely to live in two-parent families and less likely to have academic difficulties. Yet after adjusting for these and all other covariates, the unexplained Indian advantage only reduced by about a quarter (from 1.08 to .71 parent SDQ points) and remained highly significant (p < .001). This Indian advantage was largely confined to families of low socio-economic position. Conclusion:  The Indian mental health advantage is real and is specific to externalising problems. Family type and academic abilities mediate part of the advantage, but most is not explained by major risk factors. Likewise unexplained is the absence in Indian children of a socio-economic gradient in mental health. Further investigation of the Indian advantage may yield insights into novel ways to promote child mental health and child mental health equity in all ethnic groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02260.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110