Effects of the Co-occurrence of Anxiety and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Intrinsic Functional Network Centrality among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / B. WAN in Autism Research, 12-7 (July 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-7 (July 2019) . - p.1057-1068 Titre : Effects of the Co-occurrence of Anxiety and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Intrinsic Functional Network Centrality among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. WAN, Auteur ; Z. WANG, Auteur ; M. JUNG, Auteur ; Y. LU, Auteur ; H. HE, Auteur ; Q. CHEN, Auteur ; Y. JIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.1057-1068 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adhd  anxiety  autism spectrum disorder  functional degree centrality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present with a high co-occurrence of anxiety and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it remains unclear how the co-occurrence of anxiety and ADHD in children with ASD alters whole-brain functional networks. Here, we aimed to examine anxiety- and ADHD-related brain network centrality in children with ASD separately and their relationships with ASD symptoms. Clinical anxiety and ADHD levels in children with ASD, aged 6-13 years old, were assessed. Participants were categorized into four groups: ASD only (n = 28), ASD + anxiety (n = 19), ASD + ADHD (n = 25), and ASD + both anxiety and ADHD (n = 28). Subsequently, we compared voxel-wise network degree centrality (DC) among the four groups. We found that: (a) compared with ASD only, children with ASD + anxiety showed higher DC in the left middle temporal gyrus, right lingual gyrus, and left cuneus, and lower DC in the right precuneus; (b) children with ASD + ADHD presented higher DC in the right calcarine and left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) compared with ASD only; (c) children with ASD + both displayed higher DC in the right calcarine and lower centrality in the right middle occipital gyrus compared with ASD only; and (d) across all children with ASD, there was a positive correlation between DC of the right calcarine with nonverbal behavior scores, and DC of the left SFG was negatively correlated with social scores. Our findings suggest that the right calcarine, left SFG, and default mode network nodes play important roles in the co-occurrence of anxiety and ADHD among children with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1057-1068. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The co-occurrence of anxiety and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been shown to influence the brain function of children with ASD. In order to gain a better understanding of this, the present study compared degree centrality, the amount of effective brain functional connectivity that reflects the characteristics of brain networks, among four groups: ASD only, ASD + anxiety, ASD + ADHD, and ASD + both anxiety and ADHD. We found that some areas located in the language processing network and primary visual cortex were associated with the co-occurrence of ADHD, and some other areas located in the default mode network were associated with the co-occurrence of both anxiety and ADHD. These findings provide more knowledge about the neural basis underlying behavioral changes related to the co-occurrence of anxiety and ADHD in children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2120 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=402 [article] Effects of the Co-occurrence of Anxiety and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Intrinsic Functional Network Centrality among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. WAN, Auteur ; Z. WANG, Auteur ; M. JUNG, Auteur ; Y. LU, Auteur ; H. HE, Auteur ; Q. CHEN, Auteur ; Y. JIN, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.1057-1068. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-7 (July 2019) . - p.1057-1068 Mots-clés : Adhd  anxiety  autism spectrum disorder  functional degree centrality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present with a high co-occurrence of anxiety and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it remains unclear how the co-occurrence of anxiety and ADHD in children with ASD alters whole-brain functional networks. Here, we aimed to examine anxiety- and ADHD-related brain network centrality in children with ASD separately and their relationships with ASD symptoms. Clinical anxiety and ADHD levels in children with ASD, aged 6-13 years old, were assessed. Participants were categorized into four groups: ASD only (n = 28), ASD + anxiety (n = 19), ASD + ADHD (n = 25), and ASD + both anxiety and ADHD (n = 28). Subsequently, we compared voxel-wise network degree centrality (DC) among the four groups. We found that: (a) compared with ASD only, children with ASD + anxiety showed higher DC in the left middle temporal gyrus, right lingual gyrus, and left cuneus, and lower DC in the right precuneus; (b) children with ASD + ADHD presented higher DC in the right calcarine and left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) compared with ASD only; (c) children with ASD + both displayed higher DC in the right calcarine and lower centrality in the right middle occipital gyrus compared with ASD only; and (d) across all children with ASD, there was a positive correlation between DC of the right calcarine with nonverbal behavior scores, and DC of the left SFG was negatively correlated with social scores. Our findings suggest that the right calcarine, left SFG, and default mode network nodes play important roles in the co-occurrence of anxiety and ADHD among children with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1057-1068. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The co-occurrence of anxiety and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been shown to influence the brain function of children with ASD. In order to gain a better understanding of this, the present study compared degree centrality, the amount of effective brain functional connectivity that reflects the characteristics of brain networks, among four groups: ASD only, ASD + anxiety, ASD + ADHD, and ASD + both anxiety and ADHD. We found that some areas located in the language processing network and primary visual cortex were associated with the co-occurrence of ADHD, and some other areas located in the default mode network were associated with the co-occurrence of both anxiety and ADHD. These findings provide more knowledge about the neural basis underlying behavioral changes related to the co-occurrence of anxiety and ADHD in children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2120 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=402

How rare and common risk variation jointly affect liability for autism spectrum disorder / L. KLEI in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 66 p. Titre : How rare and common risk variation jointly affect liability for autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. KLEI, Auteur ; L. L. MCCLAIN, Auteur ; B. MAHJANI, Auteur ; K. PANAYIDOU, Auteur ; S. DE RUBEIS, Auteur ; A. S. GRAHNAT, Auteur ; G. KARLSSON, Auteur ; Y. LU, Auteur ; N. MELHEM, Auteur ; X. XU, Auteur ; A. REICHENBERG, Auteur ; S. SANDIN, Auteur ; C. M. HULTMAN, Auteur ; Joseph D. BUXBAUM, Auteur ; K. ROEDER, Auteur ; B. DEVLIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 66 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  De novo mutation  Genomic-Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (G-BLUP)  Liability  Polygenic risk score Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Genetic studies have implicated rare and common variations in liability for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Of the discovered risk variants, those rare in the population invariably have large impact on liability, while common variants have small effects. Yet, collectively, common risk variants account for the majority of population-level variability. How these rare and common risk variants jointly affect liability for individuals requires further study. METHODS: To explore how common and rare variants jointly affect liability, we assessed two cohorts of ASD families characterized for rare and common genetic variations (Simons Simplex Collection and Population-Based Autism Genetics and Environment Study). We analyzed data from 3011 affected subjects, as well as two cohorts of unaffected individuals characterized for common genetic variation: 3011 subjects matched for ancestry to ASD subjects and 11,950 subjects for estimating allele frequencies. We used genetic scores, which assessed the relative burden of common genetic variation affecting risk of ASD (henceforth "burden"), and determined how this burden was distributed among three subpopulations: ASD subjects who carry a potentially damaging variant implicated in risk of ASD ("PDV carriers"); ASD subjects who do not ("non-carriers"); and unaffected subjects who are assumed to be non-carriers. RESULTS: Burden harbored by ASD subjects is stochastically greater than that harbored by control subjects. For PDV carriers, their average burden is intermediate between non-carrier ASD and control subjects. Both carrier and non-carrier ASD subjects have greater burden, on average, than control subjects. The effects of common and rare variants likely combine additively to determine individual-level liability. LIMITATIONS: Only 305 ASD subjects were known PDV carriers. This relatively small subpopulation limits this study to characterizing general patterns of burden, as opposed to effects of specific PDVs or genes. Also, a small fraction of subjects that are categorized as non-carriers could be PDV carriers. CONCLUSIONS: Liability arising from common and rare risk variations likely combines additively to determine risk of any individual diagnosed with ASD. On average, ASD subjects carry a substantial burden of common risk variation, even if they also carry a rare PDV affecting risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00466-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] How rare and common risk variation jointly affect liability for autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. KLEI, Auteur ; L. L. MCCLAIN, Auteur ; B. MAHJANI, Auteur ; K. PANAYIDOU, Auteur ; S. DE RUBEIS, Auteur ; A. S. GRAHNAT, Auteur ; G. KARLSSON, Auteur ; Y. LU, Auteur ; N. MELHEM, Auteur ; X. XU, Auteur ; A. REICHENBERG, Auteur ; S. SANDIN, Auteur ; C. M. HULTMAN, Auteur ; Joseph D. BUXBAUM, Auteur ; K. ROEDER, Auteur ; B. DEVLIN, Auteur . - 66 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 66 p. Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  De novo mutation  Genomic-Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (G-BLUP)  Liability  Polygenic risk score Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Genetic studies have implicated rare and common variations in liability for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Of the discovered risk variants, those rare in the population invariably have large impact on liability, while common variants have small effects. Yet, collectively, common risk variants account for the majority of population-level variability. How these rare and common risk variants jointly affect liability for individuals requires further study. METHODS: To explore how common and rare variants jointly affect liability, we assessed two cohorts of ASD families characterized for rare and common genetic variations (Simons Simplex Collection and Population-Based Autism Genetics and Environment Study). We analyzed data from 3011 affected subjects, as well as two cohorts of unaffected individuals characterized for common genetic variation: 3011 subjects matched for ancestry to ASD subjects and 11,950 subjects for estimating allele frequencies. We used genetic scores, which assessed the relative burden of common genetic variation affecting risk of ASD (henceforth "burden"), and determined how this burden was distributed among three subpopulations: ASD subjects who carry a potentially damaging variant implicated in risk of ASD ("PDV carriers"); ASD subjects who do not ("non-carriers"); and unaffected subjects who are assumed to be non-carriers. RESULTS: Burden harbored by ASD subjects is stochastically greater than that harbored by control subjects. For PDV carriers, their average burden is intermediate between non-carrier ASD and control subjects. Both carrier and non-carrier ASD subjects have greater burden, on average, than control subjects. The effects of common and rare variants likely combine additively to determine individual-level liability. LIMITATIONS: Only 305 ASD subjects were known PDV carriers. This relatively small subpopulation limits this study to characterizing general patterns of burden, as opposed to effects of specific PDVs or genes. Also, a small fraction of subjects that are categorized as non-carriers could be PDV carriers. CONCLUSIONS: Liability arising from common and rare risk variations likely combines additively to determine risk of any individual diagnosed with ASD. On average, ASD subjects carry a substantial burden of common risk variation, even if they also carry a rare PDV affecting risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00466-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459

Sex-specific manifestation of genetic risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the general population / J. MARTIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-8 (August 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-8 (August 2018) . - p.908-916 Titre : Sex-specific manifestation of genetic risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the general population Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. MARTIN, Auteur ; M. J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; M. RYDELL, Auteur ; L. RIGLIN, Auteur ; O. EYRE, Auteur ; Y. LU, Auteur ; S. LUNDSTRÖM, Auteur ; H. LARSSON, Auteur ; A. THAPAR, Auteur ; P. LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.908-916 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adhd  Alspac  Catss  anxiety  depression  genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more commonly diagnosed in males than in females. A growing body of research suggests that females with ADHD might be underdiagnosed or receive alternative diagnoses, such as anxiety or depression. Other lines of reasoning suggest that females might be protected from developing ADHD, requiring a higher burden of genetic risk to manifest the disorder. METHODS: We tested these two hypotheses, using common variant genetic data from two population-based cohorts. First, we tested whether females and males diagnosed with anxiety or depression differ in terms of their genetic risk for ADHD, assessed as polygenic risk scores (PRS). Second, we tested whether females and males with ADHD differed in ADHD genetic risk burden. We used three different diagnostic definitions: registry-based clinical diagnoses, screening-based research diagnoses and algorithm-based research diagnoses, to investigate possible referral biases. RESULTS: In individuals with a registry-based clinical diagnosis of anxiety or depression, females had higher ADHD PRS than males [OR(CI) = 1.39 (1.12-1.73)] but there was no sex difference for screening-based [OR(CI) = 1.15 (0.94-1.42)] or algorithm-based [OR(CI) = 1.04 (0.89-1.21)] diagnoses. There was also no sex difference in ADHD PRS in individuals with ADHD diagnoses that were registry-based [OR(CI) = 1.04 (0.84-1.30)], screening-based [OR(CI) = 0.96 (0.85-1.08)] or algorithm-based [OR(CI) = 1.15 (0.78-1.68)]. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides genetic evidence that ADHD risk may be more likely to manifest or be diagnosed as anxiety or depression in females than in males. Contrary to some earlier studies, the results do not support increased ADHD genetic risk in females with ADHD as compared to affected males. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12874 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] Sex-specific manifestation of genetic risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the general population [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. MARTIN, Auteur ; M. J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; M. RYDELL, Auteur ; L. RIGLIN, Auteur ; O. EYRE, Auteur ; Y. LU, Auteur ; S. LUNDSTRÖM, Auteur ; H. LARSSON, Auteur ; A. THAPAR, Auteur ; P. LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur . - p.908-916. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-8 (August 2018) . - p.908-916 Mots-clés : Adhd  Alspac  Catss  anxiety  depression  genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more commonly diagnosed in males than in females. A growing body of research suggests that females with ADHD might be underdiagnosed or receive alternative diagnoses, such as anxiety or depression. Other lines of reasoning suggest that females might be protected from developing ADHD, requiring a higher burden of genetic risk to manifest the disorder. METHODS: We tested these two hypotheses, using common variant genetic data from two population-based cohorts. First, we tested whether females and males diagnosed with anxiety or depression differ in terms of their genetic risk for ADHD, assessed as polygenic risk scores (PRS). Second, we tested whether females and males with ADHD differed in ADHD genetic risk burden. We used three different diagnostic definitions: registry-based clinical diagnoses, screening-based research diagnoses and algorithm-based research diagnoses, to investigate possible referral biases. RESULTS: In individuals with a registry-based clinical diagnosis of anxiety or depression, females had higher ADHD PRS than males [OR(CI) = 1.39 (1.12-1.73)] but there was no sex difference for screening-based [OR(CI) = 1.15 (0.94-1.42)] or algorithm-based [OR(CI) = 1.04 (0.89-1.21)] diagnoses. There was also no sex difference in ADHD PRS in individuals with ADHD diagnoses that were registry-based [OR(CI) = 1.04 (0.84-1.30)], screening-based [OR(CI) = 0.96 (0.85-1.08)] or algorithm-based [OR(CI) = 1.15 (0.78-1.68)]. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides genetic evidence that ADHD risk may be more likely to manifest or be diagnosed as anxiety or depression in females than in males. Contrary to some earlier studies, the results do not support increased ADHD genetic risk in females with ADHD as compared to affected males. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12874 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368

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