ADHD and autism symptoms in youth: a network analysis / L. C. FARHAT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-2 (February 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-2 (February 2022) . - p.143-151 Titre : ADHD and autism symptoms in youth: a network analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. C. FARHAT, Auteur ; Helena BRENTANI, Auteur ; V. H. C. DE TOLEDO, Auteur ; E. SHEPHARD, Auteur ; P. MATTOS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; A. THAPAR, Auteur ; E. CASELLA, Auteur ; Guilherme V. POLANCZYK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.143-151 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorder  comorbidity  network analysis  neurodevelopmental Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Previous research investigating the overlap between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (henceforth, autism) symptoms in population samples have relied on latent variable modeling in which averaged scores representing dimensions were derived from observed symptoms. There are no studies evaluating how ADHD and autism symptoms interact at the level of individual symptom items. METHODS: We aimed to address this gap by performing a network analysis on data from a school survey of children aged 6-17?years old (N?=?7,405). ADHD and autism symptoms were measured via parent-report on the Swanson, Nolan, Pelham-IV questionnaire and the Childhood Autism Spectrum test, respectively. RESULTS: A relatively low interconnectivity between ADHD and autism symptoms was found with only 10.06% of possible connections (edges) between one ADHD and one autism symptoms different than zero. Associations between ADHD and autism symptoms were significantly weaker than those between two symptoms pertaining to the same construct. Select ADHD symptoms, particularly those presenting in social contexts (e.g. 'talks excessively', 'does not wait turn'), showed moderate-to-strong associations with autism symptoms, but some were considered redundant to autism symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that individual ADHD and autism symptoms are largely segregated in accordance with diagnostic boundaries corresponding to these conditions in children and adolescents from the community. These findings could improve our clinical conceptualization of ADHD and autism and guide advancements in diagnosis and treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13436 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=457 [article] ADHD and autism symptoms in youth: a network analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. C. FARHAT, Auteur ; Helena BRENTANI, Auteur ; V. H. C. DE TOLEDO, Auteur ; E. SHEPHARD, Auteur ; P. MATTOS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; A. THAPAR, Auteur ; E. CASELLA, Auteur ; Guilherme V. POLANCZYK, Auteur . - p.143-151. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-2 (February 2022) . - p.143-151 Mots-clés : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorder  comorbidity  network analysis  neurodevelopmental Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Previous research investigating the overlap between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (henceforth, autism) symptoms in population samples have relied on latent variable modeling in which averaged scores representing dimensions were derived from observed symptoms. There are no studies evaluating how ADHD and autism symptoms interact at the level of individual symptom items. METHODS: We aimed to address this gap by performing a network analysis on data from a school survey of children aged 6-17?years old (N?=?7,405). ADHD and autism symptoms were measured via parent-report on the Swanson, Nolan, Pelham-IV questionnaire and the Childhood Autism Spectrum test, respectively. RESULTS: A relatively low interconnectivity between ADHD and autism symptoms was found with only 10.06% of possible connections (edges) between one ADHD and one autism symptoms different than zero. Associations between ADHD and autism symptoms were significantly weaker than those between two symptoms pertaining to the same construct. Select ADHD symptoms, particularly those presenting in social contexts (e.g. 'talks excessively', 'does not wait turn'), showed moderate-to-strong associations with autism symptoms, but some were considered redundant to autism symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that individual ADHD and autism symptoms are largely segregated in accordance with diagnostic boundaries corresponding to these conditions in children and adolescents from the community. These findings could improve our clinical conceptualization of ADHD and autism and guide advancements in diagnosis and treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13436 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=457

Childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and risk of adolescent depression: the role of irritability / O. EYRE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-8 (August 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-8 (August 2019) . - p.866-874 Titre : Childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and risk of adolescent depression: the role of irritability Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : O. EYRE, Auteur ; R. A. HUGHES, Auteur ; Ajay K. THAPAR, Auteur ; E. LEIBENLUFT, Auteur ; A. STRINGARIS, Auteur ; George DAVEY SMITH, Auteur ; E. STERGIAKOULI, Auteur ; S. COLLISHAW, Auteur ; A. THAPAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.866-874 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Alspac  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  autism  depression  irritability  neurodevelopmental Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Children with neurodevelopmental disorders are at increased risk of developing depression. Irritability predicts depression in the general population and is common in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, it is possible that irritability in children with neurodevelopmental disorders contributes to the link with later depression. This study aimed to (a) examine the association between childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and adolescent depression and (b) test whether irritability explains this association. METHODS: Children with any neurodevelopmental difficulty at the age of 7-9 (n = 1,697) and a selected, comparison group without any neurodevelopmental difficulty (n = 3,177) were identified from a prospective, UK population-based cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Neurodevelopmental difficulties were defined as a score in the bottom 5% of the sample on at least one measure of cognitive ability, communication, autism spectrum symptoms, attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms, reading or motor coordination. The Development and Well-Being Assessment measured parent-reported child irritability at the age of 7, parent-reported adolescent depression at the age of 10 and 13, and self-reported depression at the age of 15. Depression measures were combined, deriving an outcome of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescence. Logistic regression examined the association between childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and adolescent MDD, controlling for gender. Path analysis estimated the proportion of this association explained by irritability. Analyses were repeated for individual neurodevelopmental problems. RESULTS: Childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties were associated with adolescent MDD (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.24, 3.60, p = .006). Childhood irritability statistically accounted for 42% of this association. On examining each neurodevelopmental difficulty separately, autistic, communication and ADHD problems were each associated with depression, with irritability explaining 29%-51% of these links. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood irritability appears to be a key contributor to the link between childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and adolescent MDD. High rates of irritability in children with autistic and ADHD difficulties may explain elevated rates of depression in the neurodevelopmental group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13053 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=404 [article] Childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and risk of adolescent depression: the role of irritability [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / O. EYRE, Auteur ; R. A. HUGHES, Auteur ; Ajay K. THAPAR, Auteur ; E. LEIBENLUFT, Auteur ; A. STRINGARIS, Auteur ; George DAVEY SMITH, Auteur ; E. STERGIAKOULI, Auteur ; S. COLLISHAW, Auteur ; A. THAPAR, Auteur . - p.866-874. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-8 (August 2019) . - p.866-874 Mots-clés : Alspac  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  autism  depression  irritability  neurodevelopmental Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Children with neurodevelopmental disorders are at increased risk of developing depression. Irritability predicts depression in the general population and is common in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, it is possible that irritability in children with neurodevelopmental disorders contributes to the link with later depression. This study aimed to (a) examine the association between childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and adolescent depression and (b) test whether irritability explains this association. METHODS: Children with any neurodevelopmental difficulty at the age of 7-9 (n = 1,697) and a selected, comparison group without any neurodevelopmental difficulty (n = 3,177) were identified from a prospective, UK population-based cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Neurodevelopmental difficulties were defined as a score in the bottom 5% of the sample on at least one measure of cognitive ability, communication, autism spectrum symptoms, attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms, reading or motor coordination. The Development and Well-Being Assessment measured parent-reported child irritability at the age of 7, parent-reported adolescent depression at the age of 10 and 13, and self-reported depression at the age of 15. Depression measures were combined, deriving an outcome of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescence. Logistic regression examined the association between childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and adolescent MDD, controlling for gender. Path analysis estimated the proportion of this association explained by irritability. Analyses were repeated for individual neurodevelopmental problems. RESULTS: Childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties were associated with adolescent MDD (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.24, 3.60, p = .006). Childhood irritability statistically accounted for 42% of this association. On examining each neurodevelopmental difficulty separately, autistic, communication and ADHD problems were each associated with depression, with irritability explaining 29%-51% of these links. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood irritability appears to be a key contributor to the link between childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and adolescent MDD. High rates of irritability in children with autistic and ADHD difficulties may explain elevated rates of depression in the neurodevelopmental group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13053 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=404

Cross-cohort change in adolescent outcomes for children with mental health problems / R. SELLERS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-7 (July 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-7 (July 2019) . - p.813-821 Titre : Cross-cohort change in adolescent outcomes for children with mental health problems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. SELLERS, Auteur ; N. WARNE, Auteur ; A. PICKLES, Auteur ; B. MAUGHAN, Auteur ; A. THAPAR, Auteur ; S. COLLISHAW, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.813-821 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children  Child mental health  Millennium Cohort Study  National Child Development Study  secular change Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Child mental health problems are common. Previous studies have examined secular changes in their prevalence but have not assessed whether later outcomes have changed. We therefore aimed to test whether outcomes of child mental health problems have changed over a 40-year period. METHODS: Three cohorts were utilized: The National Child Development Study (NCDS: N = 14,544, aged 7 in 1965), the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC: N = 8,188, aged 7 in 1998), and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS: N = 13,192, aged 7 in 2008). Mental health problems at age 7 were identified using the parent-reported Rutter-A scale (NCDS) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (ALSPAC and MCS). Associated outcomes were compared across cohorts: age 11 social functioning, age 16 exam attainment and age 16 mental health. RESULTS: Child mental health problems were common in each cohort (boys: 7.0%-9.7%; girls: 5.4%-8.4%). Child mental health problems became more strongly associated with social functioning problems (boys: NCDS OR = 1.95 (1.50, 2.53), MCS OR = 3.77 (2.89, 4.92); interaction p < .001; girls: NCDS OR = 1.69 (1.22, 2.33), MCS OR = 3.99 (3.04, 5.25), interaction p < .001), lower academic attainment for boys (NCDS OR = 0.49 (0.31, 0.78), ALSPAC OR = 0.30 (0.22, 0.41), interaction p = .009), and age 16 mental health problems (boys: NCDS d' = 0.55 (0.38, 0.72), ALSPAC d' = 0.95 (0.73, 1.16); interaction p = .004; girls: NCDS d' = 0.50 (0.34, 0.65), ALSPAC d' = 0.99 (0.78, 1.20); interaction p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Child mental health problems have become more strongly associated with negative social, educational and mental health outcomes in recent generations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13029 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401 [article] Cross-cohort change in adolescent outcomes for children with mental health problems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. SELLERS, Auteur ; N. WARNE, Auteur ; A. PICKLES, Auteur ; B. MAUGHAN, Auteur ; A. THAPAR, Auteur ; S. COLLISHAW, Auteur . - p.813-821. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-7 (July 2019) . - p.813-821 Mots-clés : Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children  Child mental health  Millennium Cohort Study  National Child Development Study  secular change Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Child mental health problems are common. Previous studies have examined secular changes in their prevalence but have not assessed whether later outcomes have changed. We therefore aimed to test whether outcomes of child mental health problems have changed over a 40-year period. METHODS: Three cohorts were utilized: The National Child Development Study (NCDS: N = 14,544, aged 7 in 1965), the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC: N = 8,188, aged 7 in 1998), and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS: N = 13,192, aged 7 in 2008). Mental health problems at age 7 were identified using the parent-reported Rutter-A scale (NCDS) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (ALSPAC and MCS). Associated outcomes were compared across cohorts: age 11 social functioning, age 16 exam attainment and age 16 mental health. RESULTS: Child mental health problems were common in each cohort (boys: 7.0%-9.7%; girls: 5.4%-8.4%). Child mental health problems became more strongly associated with social functioning problems (boys: NCDS OR = 1.95 (1.50, 2.53), MCS OR = 3.77 (2.89, 4.92); interaction p < .001; girls: NCDS OR = 1.69 (1.22, 2.33), MCS OR = 3.99 (3.04, 5.25), interaction p < .001), lower academic attainment for boys (NCDS OR = 0.49 (0.31, 0.78), ALSPAC OR = 0.30 (0.22, 0.41), interaction p = .009), and age 16 mental health problems (boys: NCDS d' = 0.55 (0.38, 0.72), ALSPAC d' = 0.95 (0.73, 1.16); interaction p = .004; girls: NCDS d' = 0.50 (0.34, 0.65), ALSPAC d' = 0.99 (0.78, 1.20); interaction p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Child mental health problems have become more strongly associated with negative social, educational and mental health outcomes in recent generations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13029 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401

Genetic Advances in Autism / A. THAPAR in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-12 (December 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-12 (December 2021) . - p.4321-4332 Titre : Genetic Advances in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. THAPAR, Auteur ; M. RUTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4321-4332 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/genetics  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/genetics  Genetic Predisposition to Disease  Humans Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the last 40 years, there has been a huge increase in autism genetics research and a rapidly growing number of discoveries. We now know autism is one of the most highly heritable disorders with negligible shared environmental contributions. Recent discoveries also show that rare variants of large effect size as well as small effect common gene variants all contribute to autism risk. These discoveries challenge traditional diagnostic boundaries and highlight huge heterogeneity in autism. In this review, we consider some of the key findings that are shaping current understanding of autism and what these discoveries mean for clinicians. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04685-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=454 [article] Genetic Advances in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. THAPAR, Auteur ; M. RUTTER, Auteur . - p.4321-4332. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-12 (December 2021) . - p.4321-4332 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/genetics  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/genetics  Genetic Predisposition to Disease  Humans Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the last 40 years, there has been a huge increase in autism genetics research and a rapidly growing number of discoveries. We now know autism is one of the most highly heritable disorders with negligible shared environmental contributions. Recent discoveries also show that rare variants of large effect size as well as small effect common gene variants all contribute to autism risk. These discoveries challenge traditional diagnostic boundaries and highlight huge heterogeneity in autism. In this review, we consider some of the key findings that are shaping current understanding of autism and what these discoveries mean for clinicians. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04685-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=454

Identifying the contribution of prenatal risk factors to offspring development and psychopathology: What designs to use and a critique of literature on maternal smoking and stress in pregnancy / F. RICE in Development and Psychopathology, 30-3 (August 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 30-3 (August 2018) . - p.1107-1128 Titre : Identifying the contribution of prenatal risk factors to offspring development and psychopathology: What designs to use and a critique of literature on maternal smoking and stress in pregnancy Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : F. RICE, Auteur ; K. LANGLEY, Auteur ; C. WOODFORD, Auteur ; George DAVEY SMITH, Auteur ; A. THAPAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1107-1128 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Identifying prenatal environmental factors that have genuinely causal effects on psychopathology is an important research priority, but it is crucial to select an appropriate research design. In this review we explain why and what sorts of designs are preferable and focus on genetically informed/sensitive designs. In the field of developmental psychopathology, causal inferences about prenatal risks have not always been based on evidence generated from appropriate designs. We focus on reported links between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or conduct problems. Undertaking a systematic review of findings from genetically informed designs and "triangulating" evidence from studies with different patterns of bias, we conclude that at present findings suggest it is unlikely that there is a substantial causal effect of maternal smoking in pregnancy on either attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or conduct problems. In contrast, for offspring birth weight (which serves as a positive control) findings strongly support a negative causal effect of maternal smoking in pregnancy. For maternal pregnancy stress, too few studies use genetically sensitive designs to draw firm conclusions, but continuity with postnatal stress seems important. We highlight the importance of moving beyond observational designs, for systematic evaluation of the breadth of available evidence and choosing innovative designs. We conclude that a broader set of prenatal risk factors should be examined, including those relevant in low- and middle-income contexts. Future directions include a greater use of molecular genetically informed designs such as Mendelian randomization to test causal hypotheses about prenatal exposure and offspring outcome. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418000421 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=367 [article] Identifying the contribution of prenatal risk factors to offspring development and psychopathology: What designs to use and a critique of literature on maternal smoking and stress in pregnancy [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / F. RICE, Auteur ; K. LANGLEY, Auteur ; C. WOODFORD, Auteur ; George DAVEY SMITH, Auteur ; A. THAPAR, Auteur . - p.1107-1128. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 30-3 (August 2018) . - p.1107-1128 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Identifying prenatal environmental factors that have genuinely causal effects on psychopathology is an important research priority, but it is crucial to select an appropriate research design. In this review we explain why and what sorts of designs are preferable and focus on genetically informed/sensitive designs. In the field of developmental psychopathology, causal inferences about prenatal risks have not always been based on evidence generated from appropriate designs. We focus on reported links between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or conduct problems. Undertaking a systematic review of findings from genetically informed designs and "triangulating" evidence from studies with different patterns of bias, we conclude that at present findings suggest it is unlikely that there is a substantial causal effect of maternal smoking in pregnancy on either attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or conduct problems. In contrast, for offspring birth weight (which serves as a positive control) findings strongly support a negative causal effect of maternal smoking in pregnancy. For maternal pregnancy stress, too few studies use genetically sensitive designs to draw firm conclusions, but continuity with postnatal stress seems important. We highlight the importance of moving beyond observational designs, for systematic evaluation of the breadth of available evidence and choosing innovative designs. We conclude that a broader set of prenatal risk factors should be examined, including those relevant in low- and middle-income contexts. Future directions include a greater use of molecular genetically informed designs such as Mendelian randomization to test causal hypotheses about prenatal exposure and offspring outcome. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418000421 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=367

Sex-specific manifestation of genetic risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the general population / J. MARTIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-8 (August 2018)  

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Shared genetic influences between dimensional ASD and ADHD symptoms during child and adolescent development / E. STERGIAKOULI in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)  

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