Are Lemons Fast for People With Autism? Semantic and Perceptual Crossmodal Correspondences in Autism Beyond the Kiki–Bouba Effect / Magdalena Ewa KROL in Autism, 30-7 (July 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 30-7 (July 2026) . - p.1895-1900 Titre : Are Lemons Fast for People With Autism? Semantic and Perceptual Crossmodal Correspondences in Autism Beyond the Kiki–Bouba Effect Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Magdalena Ewa KROL, Auteur ; Agata TOKAREK, Auteur ; Michał Krzysztof KRÓL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1895-1900 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  crossmodal correspondences  hypo-priors  Kiki–Bouba effect  multisensory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Attenuated sound–shape matching in the classic Kiki–Bouba effect in autism has already been replicated in several studies, but it remains unclear whether this attenuation is confined to low-level multisensory integration or whether it reflects a broader reduction in crossmodal priors. In this pre-registered study, we tested 68 intelligence quotient (IQ)-matched participants (31 autistic, 37 typically developing) on four established crossmodal correspondence tasks that span perceptual to conceptual mappings: (1) “Fast lemons” (object–adjective), (2) sound–size pairings with Greebles, (3) kiki–bouba variants, and (4) color–taste matches. A generalized linear mixed-effects model showed a significant main effect of autism, indicating fewer theoretically congruent choices across all tasks. Target consistency increased with age, performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) and with an artificial intelligence (AI)-derived item-difficulty index. Random slopes revealed no task-by-diagnosis interaction, suggesting that diminished correspondence strength in autism generalizes across sensory and semantic domains. These results cautiously point to domain-general accounts, such as predictive-coding “hypo-priors,” over multisensory-specific explanations, and highlight crossmodal correspondences as an intriguing window into information processing in autism.Lay Abstract People often make associations between information that comes from different senses – things they see, hear, and feel. For example, one of the classic findings in psychology is that most people think the made-up word “kiki” fits a spiky shape, while “bouba” matches a round one. Previous research has shown that people with autism may be less likely to make these typical associations. However, it’s not clear whether this difference is specific to that one example (sound and shape associations) or part of a wider difference in how people with autism link information from different senses. In this study, we tested 68 teenagers and adults (31 autistic and 37 non-autistic), all with similar intelligence quotient (IQ) levels, on four different tasks that involved matching images with other types of information. These included deciding whether a lemon is more “fast” or “slow”, which made-up name fits a creature of a certain size, what taste fits a color, and which name fits a shape. There were no right or wrong answers, but some choices matched what most people typically select. We found that autistic participants across different tasks were less likely than non-autistic participants to choose the most common or expected pairings. These findings suggest that autistic people may form different types of sensory connections, not just in sound–shape tasks but across a broader range of sensory and conceptual experiences. What does this tell us about autistic minds? While more research is needed to know for sure, our findings are consistent with a theory that autistic people may rely less on previous experiences when processing new information. This theory is known as the “hypo-priors” account, which suggests that autistic perception is less shaped by learned expectations and more by the raw details of what’s currently being sensed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613261441750 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=590 [article] Are Lemons Fast for People With Autism? Semantic and Perceptual Crossmodal Correspondences in Autism Beyond the Kiki–Bouba Effect [texte imprimé] / Magdalena Ewa KROL, Auteur ; Agata TOKAREK, Auteur ; Michał Krzysztof KRÓL, Auteur . - p.1895-1900. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 30-7 (July 2026) . - p.1895-1900 Mots-clés : autism  crossmodal correspondences  hypo-priors  Kiki–Bouba effect  multisensory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Attenuated sound–shape matching in the classic Kiki–Bouba effect in autism has already been replicated in several studies, but it remains unclear whether this attenuation is confined to low-level multisensory integration or whether it reflects a broader reduction in crossmodal priors. In this pre-registered study, we tested 68 intelligence quotient (IQ)-matched participants (31 autistic, 37 typically developing) on four established crossmodal correspondence tasks that span perceptual to conceptual mappings: (1) “Fast lemons” (object–adjective), (2) sound–size pairings with Greebles, (3) kiki–bouba variants, and (4) color–taste matches. A generalized linear mixed-effects model showed a significant main effect of autism, indicating fewer theoretically congruent choices across all tasks. Target consistency increased with age, performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) and with an artificial intelligence (AI)-derived item-difficulty index. Random slopes revealed no task-by-diagnosis interaction, suggesting that diminished correspondence strength in autism generalizes across sensory and semantic domains. These results cautiously point to domain-general accounts, such as predictive-coding “hypo-priors,” over multisensory-specific explanations, and highlight crossmodal correspondences as an intriguing window into information processing in autism.Lay Abstract People often make associations between information that comes from different senses – things they see, hear, and feel. For example, one of the classic findings in psychology is that most people think the made-up word “kiki” fits a spiky shape, while “bouba” matches a round one. Previous research has shown that people with autism may be less likely to make these typical associations. However, it’s not clear whether this difference is specific to that one example (sound and shape associations) or part of a wider difference in how people with autism link information from different senses. In this study, we tested 68 teenagers and adults (31 autistic and 37 non-autistic), all with similar intelligence quotient (IQ) levels, on four different tasks that involved matching images with other types of information. These included deciding whether a lemon is more “fast” or “slow”, which made-up name fits a creature of a certain size, what taste fits a color, and which name fits a shape. There were no right or wrong answers, but some choices matched what most people typically select. We found that autistic participants across different tasks were less likely than non-autistic participants to choose the most common or expected pairings. These findings suggest that autistic people may form different types of sensory connections, not just in sound–shape tasks but across a broader range of sensory and conceptual experiences. What does this tell us about autistic minds? While more research is needed to know for sure, our findings are consistent with a theory that autistic people may rely less on previous experiences when processing new information. This theory is known as the “hypo-priors” account, which suggests that autistic perception is less shaped by learned expectations and more by the raw details of what’s currently being sensed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613261441750 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=590

Brief Report: Do autistic traits explain lower levels of psychological well-being in non-binary individuals? / Agata GASIOROWSKA ; Magdalena Ewa KROL in Research in Autism, 124 (June 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism > 124 (June 2025) . - 202590 Titre : Brief Report: Do autistic traits explain lower levels of psychological well-being in non-binary individuals? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Agata GASIOROWSKA, Auteur ; Magdalena Ewa KROL, Auteur Article en page(s) : 202590 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Non-binary gender identity  Autistic traits  Well-being  Depression  Life satisfaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The link between autistic traits and gender diversity is well established and it is also known that both autistic and non-binary individuals may demonstrate lower levels of mental health. In this preregistered study, we tested whether autistic traits account for the lower psychological well-being of non-binary people. We compared a group of 135 non-binary individuals with 126 cisgender participants of similar age. We measured their level of autistic traits using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) questionnaire. We treated psychological well-being as a latent variable constructed from the life satisfaction (SWL, cognitive component) and depression (CESD-R, affective component) scales. We found significantly lower psychological well-being, which included both significantly lower life satisfaction and significantly higher levels of depression, and significantly higher levels of autistic traits in non-binary participants compared to cisgender participants. Further analysis of the indirect effect showed that higher levels of autistic traits accounted for the association between non-binary gender identification and lower psychological well-being, confirming the hypothesis. This finding demonstrates the importance of autism screening in the non-binary population. Furthermore, interventions to improve well-being of the non-binary population should not be limited to working with gender dysphoria, but should also consider areas of functioning typically associated with autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2025.202590 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=556 [article] Brief Report: Do autistic traits explain lower levels of psychological well-being in non-binary individuals? [texte imprimé] / Agata GASIOROWSKA, Auteur ; Magdalena Ewa KROL, Auteur . - 202590. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism > 124 (June 2025) . - 202590 Mots-clés : Non-binary gender identity  Autistic traits  Well-being  Depression  Life satisfaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The link between autistic traits and gender diversity is well established and it is also known that both autistic and non-binary individuals may demonstrate lower levels of mental health. In this preregistered study, we tested whether autistic traits account for the lower psychological well-being of non-binary people. We compared a group of 135 non-binary individuals with 126 cisgender participants of similar age. We measured their level of autistic traits using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) questionnaire. We treated psychological well-being as a latent variable constructed from the life satisfaction (SWL, cognitive component) and depression (CESD-R, affective component) scales. We found significantly lower psychological well-being, which included both significantly lower life satisfaction and significantly higher levels of depression, and significantly higher levels of autistic traits in non-binary participants compared to cisgender participants. Further analysis of the indirect effect showed that higher levels of autistic traits accounted for the association between non-binary gender identification and lower psychological well-being, confirming the hypothesis. This finding demonstrates the importance of autism screening in the non-binary population. Furthermore, interventions to improve well-being of the non-binary population should not be limited to working with gender dysphoria, but should also consider areas of functioning typically associated with autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2025.202590 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=556

Erratum to Eliciting Language Samples for Analysis (ELSA): A New Protocol for Assessing Expressive Language and Communication in Autism / Mihaela D. BAROKOVA in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1529 Titre : Erratum to Eliciting Language Samples for Analysis (ELSA): A New Protocol for Assessing Expressive Language and Communication in Autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mihaela D. BAROKOVA, Auteur ; Chelsea LA VALLE, Auteur ; Sommer HASSAN, Auteur ; Collin LEE, Auteur ; Mengyuan XU, Auteur ; Riley MCKECHNIE, Auteur ; Emily B. JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Magdalena Ewa KROL, Auteur ; Jennifer LEANO, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1529 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2544 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Erratum to Eliciting Language Samples for Analysis (ELSA): A New Protocol for Assessing Expressive Language and Communication in Autism [texte imprimé] / Mihaela D. BAROKOVA, Auteur ; Chelsea LA VALLE, Auteur ; Sommer HASSAN, Auteur ; Collin LEE, Auteur ; Mengyuan XU, Auteur ; Riley MCKECHNIE, Auteur ; Emily B. JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Magdalena Ewa KROL, Auteur ; Jennifer LEANO, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur . - p.1529. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1529 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2544 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

It’s not really lying. Autism spectrum disorder relates to lower recognition of other-oriented lies through a decrease in perceived intentionality of the liar / Katarzyna CANTARERO in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 86 (August 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 86 (August 2021) . - 101806 Titre : It’s not really lying. Autism spectrum disorder relates to lower recognition of other-oriented lies through a decrease in perceived intentionality of the liar Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Katarzyna CANTARERO, Auteur ; Katarzyna BYRKA, Auteur ; Magdalena Ewa KROL, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101806 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Lie-labeling  Intentionality  Prosocial lying  Other-oriented dishonesty  Deception  Lying recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There is mixed evidence regarding how persons with ASD deal with deception. Some studies show that autism is related to difficulties in lying, others show no differences between individuals with ASD and typically developing persons in use of deception. It may be that individuals with ASD have difficulties in understanding what lying is. Method In Study 1 (N = 66) we matched a sample of individuals clinically diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder with typically developing individuals. Study 2 (N = 256) was conducted with participants from the general population. We asked participants to evaluate deceitfulness of protagonists’ behavior in stories presenting other-oriented and self-oriented lying. Results The results suggest that the higher the autistic traits, the less individuals perceive the liar as behaving intentionally. In the case of more complex, other-oriented lies, autistic traits indirectly relate to recognition of lies through attribution of intentionality. Conclusion These findings show how autistic traits relate to understanding of lying and suggest that it might be interesting to test training among individuals with ASD aimed at learning how to recognize deception. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101806 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=458 [article] It’s not really lying. Autism spectrum disorder relates to lower recognition of other-oriented lies through a decrease in perceived intentionality of the liar [texte imprimé] / Katarzyna CANTARERO, Auteur ; Katarzyna BYRKA, Auteur ; Magdalena Ewa KROL, Auteur . - 101806. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 86 (August 2021) . - 101806 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Lie-labeling  Intentionality  Prosocial lying  Other-oriented dishonesty  Deception  Lying recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There is mixed evidence regarding how persons with ASD deal with deception. Some studies show that autism is related to difficulties in lying, others show no differences between individuals with ASD and typically developing persons in use of deception. It may be that individuals with ASD have difficulties in understanding what lying is. Method In Study 1 (N = 66) we matched a sample of individuals clinically diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder with typically developing individuals. Study 2 (N = 256) was conducted with participants from the general population. We asked participants to evaluate deceitfulness of protagonists’ behavior in stories presenting other-oriented and self-oriented lying. Results The results suggest that the higher the autistic traits, the less individuals perceive the liar as behaving intentionally. In the case of more complex, other-oriented lies, autistic traits indirectly relate to recognition of lies through attribution of intentionality. Conclusion These findings show how autistic traits relate to understanding of lying and suggest that it might be interesting to test training among individuals with ASD aimed at learning how to recognize deception. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101806 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=458

Looking through rainbow-rimmed glasses: Taking neurodiversity perspective is related to subjective well-being of autistic adults / Kinga FERENC in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1348-1361 Titre : Looking through rainbow-rimmed glasses: Taking neurodiversity perspective is related to subjective well-being of autistic adults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kinga FERENC, Auteur ; Mateusz PŁATOS, Auteur ; Katarzyna BYRKA, Auteur ; Magdalena Ewa KROL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1348-1361 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attitude towards autism;autism spectrum conditions;in-group identification;psychological distress;self-esteem;subjective well-being Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Finding new ways of supporting the well-being of autistic adults is an essential goal for research and practice. We tested the predictive value of attitudes towards autism (as neurodiversity or as a disorder) and identification with other autistic people, on the psychological distress and self-esteem of autistic adults (n 109). Adopting a neurodiversity attitude not only predicted higher self-esteem but also served as a protective factor against the negative impact of identification with other autistic people on psychological distress. These findings show that clinicians should be sensitive to the way autistic people understand autism and the extent to which they identify with the autism community, as these factors relate to their well-being. Lay abstract Autistic adults experience a high level of distress. Finding new ways to support their well-being is an important goal for researchers and clinicians. We assessed the way autistic adults view their autism, as a disorder or as a type of mind (neurodiversity), and the level they integrate with other autistic people, and we checked how those factors contribute to their well-being. People who see autism rather as a type of mind than as a disorder had higher self-esteem. People who view themselves as more similar to other autistic people felt more stressed, but this result was not accurate for people who view autism as a type of mind. Clinicians should be sensitive to the way autistic people understand autism and to what extent they identify with the autism community, because it may relate to their well-being. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221135818 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Looking through rainbow-rimmed glasses: Taking neurodiversity perspective is related to subjective well-being of autistic adults [texte imprimé] / Kinga FERENC, Auteur ; Mateusz PŁATOS, Auteur ; Katarzyna BYRKA, Auteur ; Magdalena Ewa KROL, Auteur . - p.1348-1361. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1348-1361 Mots-clés : attitude towards autism;autism spectrum conditions;in-group identification;psychological distress;self-esteem;subjective well-being Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Finding new ways of supporting the well-being of autistic adults is an essential goal for research and practice. We tested the predictive value of attitudes towards autism (as neurodiversity or as a disorder) and identification with other autistic people, on the psychological distress and self-esteem of autistic adults (n 109). Adopting a neurodiversity attitude not only predicted higher self-esteem but also served as a protective factor against the negative impact of identification with other autistic people on psychological distress. These findings show that clinicians should be sensitive to the way autistic people understand autism and the extent to which they identify with the autism community, as these factors relate to their well-being. Lay abstract Autistic adults experience a high level of distress. Finding new ways to support their well-being is an important goal for researchers and clinicians. We assessed the way autistic adults view their autism, as a disorder or as a type of mind (neurodiversity), and the level they integrate with other autistic people, and we checked how those factors contribute to their well-being. People who see autism rather as a type of mind than as a disorder had higher self-esteem. People who view themselves as more similar to other autistic people felt more stressed, but this result was not accurate for people who view autism as a type of mind. Clinicians should be sensitive to the way autistic people understand autism and to what extent they identify with the autism community, because it may relate to their well-being. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221135818 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Painted with different brushes—An exploratory study of psychological well-being and attitudes towards autism perceived by adolescents with autism spectrum conditions and their mothers / Kinga FERENC in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 87 (September 2021)  

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Scanpath similarity measure reveals not only a decreased social preference, but also an increased nonsocial preference in individuals with autism / Magdalena Ewa KROL in Autism, 24-2 (February 2020)  

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The spectrum of attitudes towards the spectrum of autism and its relationship to psychological distress in mothers of children with autism / Kinga FERENC in Autism, 27-1 (January 2023)  

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The world as we know it and the world as it is: Eye-movement patterns reveal decreased use of prior knowledge in individuals with autism / Magdalena Ewa KROL in Autism Research, 12-9 (September 2019)  

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