Academic motivation decreases across adolescence for youth with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Effects of motivation on academic success / Zoe R. SMITH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-9 (September 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-9 (September 2023) . - p.1303-1313 Titre : Academic motivation decreases across adolescence for youth with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Effects of motivation on academic success Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zoe R. SMITH, Auteur ; Marcus FLAX, Auteur ; Stephen P. BECKER, Auteur ; Joshua M. LANGBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1303-1313 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background This longitudinal study examined growth trajectories of academic motivation in youth with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across the important developmental transition from middle school to high school, and associations with academic success. Consistent with self-determination theory (SDT) of motivation, trajectories of amotivation, extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation were modeled. Methods The study included a robust multi-method, multi-source assessment of academic outcomes, including homework performance ratings; reading and mathematics standardized test scores; and grade point average (GPA) obtained from school records. Participants included 302 adolescents (ages 12-14; Mage=13.20) in eighth grade who were specifically recruited so that approximately half (n=162) were diagnosed with ADHD and 140 adolescents comprising a comparison sample without ADHD. The sample was predominantly White (81.80%), with 7.90% identifying as bi/multiracial, 5.30% identifying as Black/African American, 4.60% identifying as Asian, and 0.30% identifying as Indigenous/Alaskan. Results Adolescents with ADHD had worse academic motivation at all timepoints. Growth curve analyses indicated the academic motivation of adolescents without ADHD decreased at faster rates across the transition to high school compared to adolescents with ADHD. However, for adolescents with ADHD, amotivation, extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation each predicted GPA, with higher extrinsic and intrinsic motivation also predicting better homework performance and different aspects of math performance, whereas for youth without ADHD, only amotivation and extrinsic motivation predicted GPA. Conclusions Intervention and school policy implications are discussed, including the importance of fostering autonomy and internal motivation, and consideration of whether current ADHD interventions primarily foster extrinsic motivation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13815 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=512 [article] Academic motivation decreases across adolescence for youth with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Effects of motivation on academic success [texte imprimé] / Zoe R. SMITH, Auteur ; Marcus FLAX, Auteur ; Stephen P. BECKER, Auteur ; Joshua M. LANGBERG, Auteur . - p.1303-1313. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-9 (September 2023) . - p.1303-1313 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background This longitudinal study examined growth trajectories of academic motivation in youth with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across the important developmental transition from middle school to high school, and associations with academic success. Consistent with self-determination theory (SDT) of motivation, trajectories of amotivation, extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation were modeled. Methods The study included a robust multi-method, multi-source assessment of academic outcomes, including homework performance ratings; reading and mathematics standardized test scores; and grade point average (GPA) obtained from school records. Participants included 302 adolescents (ages 12-14; Mage=13.20) in eighth grade who were specifically recruited so that approximately half (n=162) were diagnosed with ADHD and 140 adolescents comprising a comparison sample without ADHD. The sample was predominantly White (81.80%), with 7.90% identifying as bi/multiracial, 5.30% identifying as Black/African American, 4.60% identifying as Asian, and 0.30% identifying as Indigenous/Alaskan. Results Adolescents with ADHD had worse academic motivation at all timepoints. Growth curve analyses indicated the academic motivation of adolescents without ADHD decreased at faster rates across the transition to high school compared to adolescents with ADHD. However, for adolescents with ADHD, amotivation, extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation each predicted GPA, with higher extrinsic and intrinsic motivation also predicting better homework performance and different aspects of math performance, whereas for youth without ADHD, only amotivation and extrinsic motivation predicted GPA. Conclusions Intervention and school policy implications are discussed, including the importance of fostering autonomy and internal motivation, and consideration of whether current ADHD interventions primarily foster extrinsic motivation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13815 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=512

Do sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms improve with school-based ADHD interventions? Outcomes and predictors of change / Zoe R. SMITH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-5 (May 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-5 (May 2020) . - p.575-583 Titre : Do sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms improve with school-based ADHD interventions? Outcomes and predictors of change Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zoe R. SMITH, Auteur ; Joshua M. LANGBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.575-583 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Sluggish cognitive tempo  attention-deficit  executive functioning  hyperactivity disorder  motivation  school-based interventions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is a construct that includes symptoms of slowness, excessive daydreaming, and drowsiness. SCT is often comorbid with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and SCT symptoms are associated with significant academic impairment above the influence of ADHD. Despite the overlap between ADHD and SCT and associated impairments, no studies have evaluated how evidence-based psychosocial interventions for adolescents with ADHD impact symptoms of SCT. METHODS: This study examined whether SCT symptoms improved in a sample of 274 young adolescents with ADHD who were randomly assigned to an organizational skills intervention, homework completion intervention, or to a waitlist control. SCT intervention response was evaluated broadly in all participants and, specifically, for participants in the clinical range for SCT symptom severity at baseline. Change in ADHD symptoms of inattention, executive functioning, and motivation were examined as potential predictors of improvement in SCT. RESULTS: The two intervention groups were collapsed together for analyses because there were no significant differences in change in SCT symptoms. Multilevel modeling results indicate that parent-reported SCT symptoms significantly decreased when comparing the intervention group to waitlist control (d = .410). For adolescents with parent-reported clinical levels of SCT, the decrease in symptoms was more pronounced (d = .517). Self-reported SCT symptoms produced null results, though effect size calculations showed small improvement for the full sample (d = .313) and for the high-SCT group (d = .384). Change in behavior regulation executive functioning (d = .247), metacognitive executive functioning (d = .346), and inattention (d = .230) predicted change in parent-reported SCT symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Although not specifically designed to decrease SCT symptoms, the ADHD interventions evaluated in this study resulted in significant improvements in parent-reported SCT with small to moderate effect sizes. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed, including development of interventions for adolescents with high levels of SCT. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13149 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=422 [article] Do sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms improve with school-based ADHD interventions? Outcomes and predictors of change [texte imprimé] / Zoe R. SMITH, Auteur ; Joshua M. LANGBERG, Auteur . - p.575-583. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-5 (May 2020) . - p.575-583 Mots-clés : Sluggish cognitive tempo  attention-deficit  executive functioning  hyperactivity disorder  motivation  school-based interventions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is a construct that includes symptoms of slowness, excessive daydreaming, and drowsiness. SCT is often comorbid with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and SCT symptoms are associated with significant academic impairment above the influence of ADHD. Despite the overlap between ADHD and SCT and associated impairments, no studies have evaluated how evidence-based psychosocial interventions for adolescents with ADHD impact symptoms of SCT. METHODS: This study examined whether SCT symptoms improved in a sample of 274 young adolescents with ADHD who were randomly assigned to an organizational skills intervention, homework completion intervention, or to a waitlist control. SCT intervention response was evaluated broadly in all participants and, specifically, for participants in the clinical range for SCT symptom severity at baseline. Change in ADHD symptoms of inattention, executive functioning, and motivation were examined as potential predictors of improvement in SCT. RESULTS: The two intervention groups were collapsed together for analyses because there were no significant differences in change in SCT symptoms. Multilevel modeling results indicate that parent-reported SCT symptoms significantly decreased when comparing the intervention group to waitlist control (d = .410). For adolescents with parent-reported clinical levels of SCT, the decrease in symptoms was more pronounced (d = .517). Self-reported SCT symptoms produced null results, though effect size calculations showed small improvement for the full sample (d = .313) and for the high-SCT group (d = .384). Change in behavior regulation executive functioning (d = .247), metacognitive executive functioning (d = .346), and inattention (d = .230) predicted change in parent-reported SCT symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Although not specifically designed to decrease SCT symptoms, the ADHD interventions evaluated in this study resulted in significant improvements in parent-reported SCT with small to moderate effect sizes. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed, including development of interventions for adolescents with high levels of SCT. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13149 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=422

Intraindividual variability of sleep/wake patterns in adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder / Joshua M. LANGBERG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-11 (November 2019) . - p.1219-1229 Titre : Intraindividual variability of sleep/wake patterns in adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Joshua M. LANGBERG, Auteur ; Rosanna P. BREAUX, Auteur ; Caroline N. CUSICK, Auteur ; C.D. GREEN, Auteur ; Zoe R. SMITH, Auteur ; Stephen J. MOLITOR, Auteur ; Stephen P. BECKER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1219-1229 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Actigraphy  adolescence  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  day-to-day  interdaily  jet lag  night-to-night Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Prior studies examining the sleep of adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have relied on mean values such as average sleep duration, which masks intraindividual variability (IIV). The objective was to investigate whether adolescents with ADHD have greater IIV of sleep/wake patterns than adolescents without ADHD using actigraphy and daily sleep diaries. METHOD: Adolescents (ages 13.17 +/- 0.40 years; 45% female) with (n = 162) and without (n = 140) ADHD were recruited from middle schools at two sites. Participants wore actigraphs and completed sleep diaries for an average of 2 weeks. RESULTS: Multilevel models were conducted with sex, sleep medication use, ADHD medication use, number of days with data, and social jetlag controlled for in analyses. For actigraphy, adolescents with ADHD had greater variability for time in bed, sleep onset and offset, and wake after sleep onset than adolescents without ADHD. For sleep diary data, adolescents with ADHD had greater variability in bedtime, wake time, sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep quality, and night wakings than adolescents without ADHD. Social jetlag was a significant predictor of variability in sleep measures based on both actigraph and daily diaries; however, ADHD status was not associated with social jetlag. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show that adolescents with ADHD have more variable sleep/wake patterns than their peers using both objective and subjective sleep measures. IIV of sleep/wake patterns may be important for clinicians to assess and monitor as part of treatment. Research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying increased IIV of sleep/wake patterns in adolescents with ADHD and potential consequences for daytime functioning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13082 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Intraindividual variability of sleep/wake patterns in adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [texte imprimé] / Joshua M. LANGBERG, Auteur ; Rosanna P. BREAUX, Auteur ; Caroline N. CUSICK, Auteur ; C.D. GREEN, Auteur ; Zoe R. SMITH, Auteur ; Stephen J. MOLITOR, Auteur ; Stephen P. BECKER, Auteur . - p.1219-1229. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-11 (November 2019) . - p.1219-1229 Mots-clés : Actigraphy  adolescence  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  day-to-day  interdaily  jet lag  night-to-night Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Prior studies examining the sleep of adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have relied on mean values such as average sleep duration, which masks intraindividual variability (IIV). The objective was to investigate whether adolescents with ADHD have greater IIV of sleep/wake patterns than adolescents without ADHD using actigraphy and daily sleep diaries. METHOD: Adolescents (ages 13.17 +/- 0.40 years; 45% female) with (n = 162) and without (n = 140) ADHD were recruited from middle schools at two sites. Participants wore actigraphs and completed sleep diaries for an average of 2 weeks. RESULTS: Multilevel models were conducted with sex, sleep medication use, ADHD medication use, number of days with data, and social jetlag controlled for in analyses. For actigraphy, adolescents with ADHD had greater variability for time in bed, sleep onset and offset, and wake after sleep onset than adolescents without ADHD. For sleep diary data, adolescents with ADHD had greater variability in bedtime, wake time, sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep quality, and night wakings than adolescents without ADHD. Social jetlag was a significant predictor of variability in sleep measures based on both actigraph and daily diaries; however, ADHD status was not associated with social jetlag. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show that adolescents with ADHD have more variable sleep/wake patterns than their peers using both objective and subjective sleep measures. IIV of sleep/wake patterns may be important for clinicians to assess and monitor as part of treatment. Research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying increased IIV of sleep/wake patterns in adolescents with ADHD and potential consequences for daytime functioning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13082 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

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