The Childhood Autism Rating Scale Second Edition (CARS2) and Its Applicability in an Iranian Sample / Sayyed Ali SAMADI in Autism Research, 18-3 (March 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 18-3 (March 2025) . - p.541-552 Titre : The Childhood Autism Rating Scale Second Edition (CARS2) and Its Applicability in an Iranian Sample Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sayyed Ali SAMADI, Auteur ; Ameneh MAHMOODIZADEH, Auteur ; Mehdi FOLADGAR, Auteur ; Shahnaz Bakhshalizadeh MORADI, Auteur ; Baran LOTFI, Auteur ; Roy MCCONKEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.541-552 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum  childhood autism rating  cultural adaptations  Iran  Psychometrics  scale second edition (CARS 2)  validation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale: Second Edition (CARS2) in diagnosing individuals with autism in Iran. A mixed-method approach was used and 313 participants were recruited, with an age range of 2 32 years, for CARS2-Standard Form (ST) and 218 individuals aged 6 25 years for CARS2-High Functioning (HF). The participants were recruited from daycare centers, schools, and clinics with different developmental trajectories: autism, intellectual disabilities, and neurotypical development. All participants with autism and intellectual disabilities had been clinically diagnosed previously. In addition, the CARS2-Questionnaire of Parent Concerns (QPC) was used to gather qualitative data on 30 randomly selected parents and the perspectives of the 20 test administrators were also collected. The CARS2 had high internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and test?retest reliability. Factor analyses revealed a one-factor structure for CARS2-ST and a three-factor structure for CARS2-HF. When adjustments were made to the cut-off points, the discriminant analyses indicated that CARS2 effectively differentiated between those with autism and typical development but less so with persons who had intellectual disabilities. The qualitative data analysis and the extracted themes suggest that the CARS2-QPC is a valid tool for collecting autism-related information from parents. Our findings suggest that the CARS2 is broadly a reliable and valid instrument for diagnosing autism spectrum in Iran in the absence of more extensive assessments. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3309 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=550 [article] The Childhood Autism Rating Scale Second Edition (CARS2) and Its Applicability in an Iranian Sample [texte imprimé] / Sayyed Ali SAMADI, Auteur ; Ameneh MAHMOODIZADEH, Auteur ; Mehdi FOLADGAR, Auteur ; Shahnaz Bakhshalizadeh MORADI, Auteur ; Baran LOTFI, Auteur ; Roy MCCONKEY, Auteur . - p.541-552. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 18-3 (March 2025) . - p.541-552 Mots-clés : autism spectrum  childhood autism rating  cultural adaptations  Iran  Psychometrics  scale second edition (CARS 2)  validation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale: Second Edition (CARS2) in diagnosing individuals with autism in Iran. A mixed-method approach was used and 313 participants were recruited, with an age range of 2 32 years, for CARS2-Standard Form (ST) and 218 individuals aged 6 25 years for CARS2-High Functioning (HF). The participants were recruited from daycare centers, schools, and clinics with different developmental trajectories: autism, intellectual disabilities, and neurotypical development. All participants with autism and intellectual disabilities had been clinically diagnosed previously. In addition, the CARS2-Questionnaire of Parent Concerns (QPC) was used to gather qualitative data on 30 randomly selected parents and the perspectives of the 20 test administrators were also collected. The CARS2 had high internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and test?retest reliability. Factor analyses revealed a one-factor structure for CARS2-ST and a three-factor structure for CARS2-HF. When adjustments were made to the cut-off points, the discriminant analyses indicated that CARS2 effectively differentiated between those with autism and typical development but less so with persons who had intellectual disabilities. The qualitative data analysis and the extracted themes suggest that the CARS2-QPC is a valid tool for collecting autism-related information from parents. Our findings suggest that the CARS2 is broadly a reliable and valid instrument for diagnosing autism spectrum in Iran in the absence of more extensive assessments. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3309 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=550

The psychoeducational profile, third edition (PEP-3) scale: A cross-cultural validation for Iranian children with autism / Sayyed Ali SAMADI in Research in Autism, 132 (April 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism > 132 (April 2026) . - 202878 Titre : The psychoeducational profile, third edition (PEP-3) scale: A cross-cultural validation for Iranian children with autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sayyed Ali SAMADI, Auteur ; Mehdi FOULADGAR, Auteur ; Shahnaz Bakhshalizadeh MORADI, Auteur ; Baran LOTFI, Auteur ; Azadeh GHANAVATIAN, Auteur ; Roy MCCONKEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 202878 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autism  Iran  Psychoeducational Profile  Third Edition  PEP-3  Psychometric properties  Cultural adaptations Résumé : This study evaluated the cultural applicability of the Psychoeducational Profile-3 (PEP-3) for Iranian children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using a multi-center design across 17 provinces, we assessed 524 children (349 ASD, 125 intellectual disabilities, 50 neurotypical controls) aged 2–19 years (M=7.83, SD=3.49). The PEP-3 demonstrated strong psychometric properties: excellent internal consistency (α=.85–.94), test-retest reliability (ICC=.82–.91), and moderate-to-high interrater reliability (r = .72–.85). Caregiver reports showed robust internal consistency (α=.95–.99) but lower parent-professional agreement, suggesting cultural variations in behavioral interpretation. Significant concurrent validity was found with CARS-2 (r = -.64 to −.71), GARS-2 (r = -.58 to −.69), and ADI-R (r = -.52 to −.61). Discriminant validity between ASD and neurotypical development was strong (p < .001 for all composites), but discrimination between ASD and intellectual disability was limited, indicating overlapping scores on the three domains assessed by PEP-3). An analysis of scores on the three domains based on median splits identified three clinically meaningful ASD subgroups: global delays (37%), global strengths (39%), and mixed profiles (24%), to assist with tailored educational planning. Culturally adapted components (Persian alphabet/numerals, modified reading passages) were well-received, though outdated visual materials require updating. Administration times (45–180 min) may limit clinical utility in resource-constrained settings, supporting development of a brief version. The PEP-3 demonstrates valid applicability for Iranian children with ASD when supplemented by caregiver input, contributing to culturally responsive assessment practices and providing implementation guidance for Iran's health and education systems. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2026.202878 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=583 [article] The psychoeducational profile, third edition (PEP-3) scale: A cross-cultural validation for Iranian children with autism [texte imprimé] / Sayyed Ali SAMADI, Auteur ; Mehdi FOULADGAR, Auteur ; Shahnaz Bakhshalizadeh MORADI, Auteur ; Baran LOTFI, Auteur ; Azadeh GHANAVATIAN, Auteur ; Roy MCCONKEY, Auteur . - 202878. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism > 132 (April 2026) . - 202878 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autism  Iran  Psychoeducational Profile  Third Edition  PEP-3  Psychometric properties  Cultural adaptations Résumé : This study evaluated the cultural applicability of the Psychoeducational Profile-3 (PEP-3) for Iranian children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using a multi-center design across 17 provinces, we assessed 524 children (349 ASD, 125 intellectual disabilities, 50 neurotypical controls) aged 2–19 years (M=7.83, SD=3.49). The PEP-3 demonstrated strong psychometric properties: excellent internal consistency (α=.85–.94), test-retest reliability (ICC=.82–.91), and moderate-to-high interrater reliability (r = .72–.85). Caregiver reports showed robust internal consistency (α=.95–.99) but lower parent-professional agreement, suggesting cultural variations in behavioral interpretation. Significant concurrent validity was found with CARS-2 (r = -.64 to −.71), GARS-2 (r = -.58 to −.69), and ADI-R (r = -.52 to −.61). Discriminant validity between ASD and neurotypical development was strong (p < .001 for all composites), but discrimination between ASD and intellectual disability was limited, indicating overlapping scores on the three domains assessed by PEP-3). An analysis of scores on the three domains based on median splits identified three clinically meaningful ASD subgroups: global delays (37%), global strengths (39%), and mixed profiles (24%), to assist with tailored educational planning. Culturally adapted components (Persian alphabet/numerals, modified reading passages) were well-received, though outdated visual materials require updating. Administration times (45–180 min) may limit clinical utility in resource-constrained settings, supporting development of a brief version. The PEP-3 demonstrates valid applicability for Iranian children with ASD when supplemented by caregiver input, contributing to culturally responsive assessment practices and providing implementation guidance for Iran's health and education systems. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2026.202878 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=583

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