An Examination of Racial Bias in Scoring the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Module 3: An Item Response Theory Analysis / Yuen Yvonne YU in Autism Research, 19-2 (February 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 19-2 (February 2026) . - e70155 Titre : An Examination of Racial Bias in Scoring the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Module 3: An Item Response Theory Analysis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yuen Yvonne YU, Auteur ; Austin WYMAN, Auteur ; Calliana J. FAULK, Auteur ; Lizzy J. FULOP, Auteur ; Rebecca L. GREENBERG, Auteur ; Rachel M. BENECKE, Auteur ; Lauren K. STEINBECK, Auteur ; Jessica FOY, Auteur ; Caitlyn KIM, Auteur ; George O. EMORY, Auteur ; Eric A. STORCH, Auteur ; Casey J. ZAMPELLA, Auteur ; Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; Julia PARISH-MORRIS, Auteur ; John D. HERRINGTON, Auteur ; Caitlin C. CLEMENTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : e70155 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADOS  autism  differential item functioning  item response theory  racial bias Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT Given the rising prevalence of autism among racial minority children in the United States, but persistent service use disparities, this study examines potential bias in specific items from the autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS), a highly regarded autism evaluation. We leveraged unidimensional item response theory graded response models and a sample of 735 children to analyze the differential item functioning (DIF) of items within ADOS Module 3. Three items showed significant signs of racial bias: A1 (overall language level), A5 (offers information), and D5 (compulsions and rituals). On these items, Black/African American and Asian children were usually more likely to be rated as showing autistic behaviors than White children with similar autism levels. The impact of racial bias on the item score was small, and the impact on the overall test score was even smaller: on a scale of 0?48 points, the effect of racial bias was estimated at 0.23 total points for Black/African American children and 0.16 points for Asian children. Furthermore, none of the items showing significant bias contribute to the autism classification algorithm. This analysis suggests a small but detectable amount of bias in several specific ADOS items, but not in items central to informing an autism diagnosis. Thus, bias appears statistically, but not clinically, significant. This contributes to examinations of racial bias in the ADOS as the first analysis of Asian children and the first in-depth look at all items in the most commonly used version among school-aged children. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70155 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=582 [article] An Examination of Racial Bias in Scoring the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Module 3: An Item Response Theory Analysis [texte imprimé] / Yuen Yvonne YU, Auteur ; Austin WYMAN, Auteur ; Calliana J. FAULK, Auteur ; Lizzy J. FULOP, Auteur ; Rebecca L. GREENBERG, Auteur ; Rachel M. BENECKE, Auteur ; Lauren K. STEINBECK, Auteur ; Jessica FOY, Auteur ; Caitlyn KIM, Auteur ; George O. EMORY, Auteur ; Eric A. STORCH, Auteur ; Casey J. ZAMPELLA, Auteur ; Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; Julia PARISH-MORRIS, Auteur ; John D. HERRINGTON, Auteur ; Caitlin C. CLEMENTS, Auteur . - e70155. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 19-2 (February 2026) . - e70155 Mots-clés : ADOS  autism  differential item functioning  item response theory  racial bias Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT Given the rising prevalence of autism among racial minority children in the United States, but persistent service use disparities, this study examines potential bias in specific items from the autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS), a highly regarded autism evaluation. We leveraged unidimensional item response theory graded response models and a sample of 735 children to analyze the differential item functioning (DIF) of items within ADOS Module 3. Three items showed significant signs of racial bias: A1 (overall language level), A5 (offers information), and D5 (compulsions and rituals). On these items, Black/African American and Asian children were usually more likely to be rated as showing autistic behaviors than White children with similar autism levels. The impact of racial bias on the item score was small, and the impact on the overall test score was even smaller: on a scale of 0?48 points, the effect of racial bias was estimated at 0.23 total points for Black/African American children and 0.16 points for Asian children. Furthermore, none of the items showing significant bias contribute to the autism classification algorithm. This analysis suggests a small but detectable amount of bias in several specific ADOS items, but not in items central to informing an autism diagnosis. Thus, bias appears statistically, but not clinically, significant. This contributes to examinations of racial bias in the ADOS as the first analysis of Asian children and the first in-depth look at all items in the most commonly used version among school-aged children. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70155 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=582

Measurement Invariance of the PROMIS Family Relationships Scale Among Autistic and General Population Adolescents / Rachel M. BENECKE in Autism Research, 19-2 (February 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 19-2 (February 2026) . - e70161 Titre : Measurement Invariance of the PROMIS Family Relationships Scale Among Autistic and General Population Adolescents Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rachel M. BENECKE, Auteur ; Zachary J. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Laura Graham HOLMES, Auteur ; Judith S. MILLER, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. KAPLAN-KAHN, Auteur Article en page(s) : e70161 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescence  autism  family relationships  measurement invariance  patient-reported outcome measures  PROMIS Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT Social relationships are a key component of quality of life, a high-priority outcome for autistic people, and family relationships are critical in adolescence. The PROMIS Family Relationships scale has been well validated for use with the general population, but psychometric validation in the autistic population is lacking. This study investigated measurement invariance of the PROMIS Family Relationships among autistic and general population adolescents. The scale demonstrated scalar invariance between the groups, providing evidence that it measures the same construct equivalently and scores can be meaningfully compared between groups. With a well-validated self-report measure, researchers can ask autistic teens directly about their experiences of their family relationships, rather than relying solely on parent proxy report. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70161 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=582 [article] Measurement Invariance of the PROMIS Family Relationships Scale Among Autistic and General Population Adolescents [texte imprimé] / Rachel M. BENECKE, Auteur ; Zachary J. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Laura Graham HOLMES, Auteur ; Judith S. MILLER, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. KAPLAN-KAHN, Auteur . - e70161. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 19-2 (February 2026) . - e70161 Mots-clés : adolescence  autism  family relationships  measurement invariance  patient-reported outcome measures  PROMIS Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT Social relationships are a key component of quality of life, a high-priority outcome for autistic people, and family relationships are critical in adolescence. The PROMIS Family Relationships scale has been well validated for use with the general population, but psychometric validation in the autistic population is lacking. This study investigated measurement invariance of the PROMIS Family Relationships among autistic and general population adolescents. The scale demonstrated scalar invariance between the groups, providing evidence that it measures the same construct equivalently and scores can be meaningfully compared between groups. With a well-validated self-report measure, researchers can ask autistic teens directly about their experiences of their family relationships, rather than relying solely on parent proxy report. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70161 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=582

Understanding and measuring caregiver-reported quality of life among minimally verbal autistic children with intellectual disability / Elizabeth A. KAPLAN-KAHN in Autism, 30-2 (February 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 30-2 (February 2026) . - p.495-509 Titre : Understanding and measuring caregiver-reported quality of life among minimally verbal autistic children with intellectual disability Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Elizabeth A. KAPLAN-KAHN, Auteur ; Rachel M. BENECKE, Auteur ; Laura GRAHAM HOLMES, Auteur ; Judith S. MILLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.495-509 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : intellectual disability  language impairment  measurement invariance  quality of life Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To address the dearth of literature on outcomes for autistic individuals with significant intellectual disability, researchers require validated measures to use in research. This study examined the psychometric properties of PROMIS quality-of-life caregiver-proxy scales included in the PROMIS Autism Battery–Lifespan among autistic children who are minimally verbal and with intellectual disability (MVID). We examined basic psychometric properties of the PROMIS caregiver-proxy scales and tested the scales for measurement invariance between groups of autistic children who are minimally verbal with intellectual disability and those without signficant intellectuatl disability (N = 448). We also descriptively examined feedback from caregivers regarding the appropriateness of the questions to capture meaningful outcomes for their autistic children who are minimally verbal with intellectual disability. Results indicated that some PROMIS caregiver-proxy scales (Anger, Positive Affect, and Life Satisfaction) exhibited strong psychometric evidence and content validity, but many other scales either did not demonstrate measurement invariance between groups or included a high proportion of items endorsed by caregivers as not applicable for their minimally verbal autistic child. Our findings emphasize the need for continued work developing appropriate measures for capturing meaningful outcomes among minimally verbal autistic people with significant intellectual disability.Plain Language SummaryResearchers need reliable tools to study outcomes for autistic individuals with significant intellectual disability. This study looked at the PROMIS caregiver-proxy scales from the PROMIS Autism Battery–Lifespan for minimally verbal autistic children with intellectual disability. These scales were made to capture aspects of quality of life important for people on the autism spectrum. We compared responses from parents of autistic children with and without significant cognitive and language issues and checked if the questions were suitable for children with high support needs. Results showed that some scales (Anger, Positive Affect, and Life Satisfaction) worked well, but others did not work as well for this group. Our study highlights the need to develop better tools to measure meaningful outcomes for autistic people with the highest support needs. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251394995 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=579 [article] Understanding and measuring caregiver-reported quality of life among minimally verbal autistic children with intellectual disability [texte imprimé] / Elizabeth A. KAPLAN-KAHN, Auteur ; Rachel M. BENECKE, Auteur ; Laura GRAHAM HOLMES, Auteur ; Judith S. MILLER, Auteur . - p.495-509. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 30-2 (February 2026) . - p.495-509 Mots-clés : intellectual disability  language impairment  measurement invariance  quality of life Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To address the dearth of literature on outcomes for autistic individuals with significant intellectual disability, researchers require validated measures to use in research. This study examined the psychometric properties of PROMIS quality-of-life caregiver-proxy scales included in the PROMIS Autism Battery–Lifespan among autistic children who are minimally verbal and with intellectual disability (MVID). We examined basic psychometric properties of the PROMIS caregiver-proxy scales and tested the scales for measurement invariance between groups of autistic children who are minimally verbal with intellectual disability and those without signficant intellectuatl disability (N = 448). We also descriptively examined feedback from caregivers regarding the appropriateness of the questions to capture meaningful outcomes for their autistic children who are minimally verbal with intellectual disability. Results indicated that some PROMIS caregiver-proxy scales (Anger, Positive Affect, and Life Satisfaction) exhibited strong psychometric evidence and content validity, but many other scales either did not demonstrate measurement invariance between groups or included a high proportion of items endorsed by caregivers as not applicable for their minimally verbal autistic child. Our findings emphasize the need for continued work developing appropriate measures for capturing meaningful outcomes among minimally verbal autistic people with significant intellectual disability.Plain Language SummaryResearchers need reliable tools to study outcomes for autistic individuals with significant intellectual disability. This study looked at the PROMIS caregiver-proxy scales from the PROMIS Autism Battery–Lifespan for minimally verbal autistic children with intellectual disability. These scales were made to capture aspects of quality of life important for people on the autism spectrum. We compared responses from parents of autistic children with and without significant cognitive and language issues and checked if the questions were suitable for children with high support needs. Results showed that some scales (Anger, Positive Affect, and Life Satisfaction) worked well, but others did not work as well for this group. Our study highlights the need to develop better tools to measure meaningful outcomes for autistic people with the highest support needs. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251394995 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=579

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