Evaluating the factor structure of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale 2 – Standard Version: Evidence for a three-factor model / Jonathan M. CAMPBELL in Research in Autism, 133 (May 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism > 133 (May 2026) . - p.202908 Titre : Evaluating the factor structure of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale 2 – Standard Version: Evidence for a three-factor model Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jonathan M. CAMPBELL, Auteur ; Paulina FEGHALI, Auteur ; Lindsey POWELL, Auteur ; Callie GILCHREST, Auteur ; Alleyne BROOMELL, Auteur ; Lauren GARDNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.202908 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  CARS2-ST  Factor analysis  Diagnosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Purpose The Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition – Standard Version (CARS2-ST; Schopler et al., 2010) is commonly used for autism diagnostic decision making. Factor analytic investigations of the CARS2-ST, and the CARS, have produced various solutions, ranging from a single factor to five factors. We aimed to summarize factor analyses from published articles to develop and evaluate a consensus-based model. Methods We identified 13 published articles examining the factor structure of the CARS and CARS2-ST. The primary author grouped 38 factors from the 13 articles into three categories (Social Communication, 8 items; Restrictive/Repetitive Behavior/Sensory, 3 items; Emotion and Behavioral Dysregulation, 4 items) and subjected grouping decisions to inter-rater reliability analysis. The proposed model was tested via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with 302 children referred to a tertiary autism assessment clinic that included the CARS2-ST as part of the evaluation. The proposed model was evaluated against several other models using Δχ2 tests. Results Coding decisions were reliable across three raters (κ range.69–.80). The proposed model demonstrated good fit (e.g., Comparative Fit Index =.93; Root Mean-Square Error of Approximation =.06) and better fit the data than three other models, all Δχ2, p < .01. Conclusions A three-factor model consisting of Social Communication, Restrictive/Repetitive Behavior/Sensory, and Emotional and Behavioral Dysregulation domains fit CARS2-ST items well. The model fit CARS2-ST items better than four other models, including the two-factor model presented in the CARS2-ST manual. Implications for CARS2-ST interpretation and directions for future research are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2026.202908 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=585 [article] Evaluating the factor structure of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale 2 – Standard Version: Evidence for a three-factor model [texte imprimé] / Jonathan M. CAMPBELL, Auteur ; Paulina FEGHALI, Auteur ; Lindsey POWELL, Auteur ; Callie GILCHREST, Auteur ; Alleyne BROOMELL, Auteur ; Lauren GARDNER, Auteur . - p.202908. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism > 133 (May 2026) . - p.202908 Mots-clés : Autism  CARS2-ST  Factor analysis  Diagnosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Purpose The Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition – Standard Version (CARS2-ST; Schopler et al., 2010) is commonly used for autism diagnostic decision making. Factor analytic investigations of the CARS2-ST, and the CARS, have produced various solutions, ranging from a single factor to five factors. We aimed to summarize factor analyses from published articles to develop and evaluate a consensus-based model. Methods We identified 13 published articles examining the factor structure of the CARS and CARS2-ST. The primary author grouped 38 factors from the 13 articles into three categories (Social Communication, 8 items; Restrictive/Repetitive Behavior/Sensory, 3 items; Emotion and Behavioral Dysregulation, 4 items) and subjected grouping decisions to inter-rater reliability analysis. The proposed model was tested via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with 302 children referred to a tertiary autism assessment clinic that included the CARS2-ST as part of the evaluation. The proposed model was evaluated against several other models using Δχ2 tests. Results Coding decisions were reliable across three raters (κ range.69–.80). The proposed model demonstrated good fit (e.g., Comparative Fit Index =.93; Root Mean-Square Error of Approximation =.06) and better fit the data than three other models, all Δχ2, p < .01. Conclusions A three-factor model consisting of Social Communication, Restrictive/Repetitive Behavior/Sensory, and Emotional and Behavioral Dysregulation domains fit CARS2-ST items well. The model fit CARS2-ST items better than four other models, including the two-factor model presented in the CARS2-ST manual. Implications for CARS2-ST interpretation and directions for future research are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2026.202908 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=585

Evaluating virtual reality training for law enforcement officers to respond to autism-related calls: A replication and extension / Lauren GARDNER in Research in Autism, 136 (August 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism > 136 (August 2026) . - 202971 Titre : Evaluating virtual reality training for law enforcement officers to respond to autism-related calls: A replication and extension Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lauren GARDNER, Auteur ; Lindsey POWELL, Auteur ; Jonathan M. CAMPBELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : 202971 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Law enforcement officers  Training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has found that law enforcement officers (LEOs) have limited knowledge of autism, and most have not received formal training. Researchers aimed to replicate and extend previous findings on the impact on and experiences of LEOs participating in an autism training that included virtual reality (VR) simulation. Training components included an interactive presentation, VR simulation, and think-pair-share activities. LEOs’ perceived confidence when responding to calls involving autistic individuals was the primary outcome. A total of 401 sworn LEOs attended one of 20 training sessions. Participants completed pre- and post-training surveys assessing perceived confidence in responding to related calls. LEOs also provided positive feedback on their experiences with the VR simulation, though a small number shared negative experiences such as reported motion sickness. LEOs reported significant increases in perceived confidence in responding to calls. The vast majority indicated that the training would positively influence their professional interactions with autistic individuals. Notably, LEOs without prior autism training and those without a personal relationship with an autistic individual demonstrated the greatest gains in confidence. Future research should examine the long-term effects of such training on officer behavior and call outcomes. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2026.202971 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=592 [article] Evaluating virtual reality training for law enforcement officers to respond to autism-related calls: A replication and extension [texte imprimé] / Lauren GARDNER, Auteur ; Lindsey POWELL, Auteur ; Jonathan M. CAMPBELL, Auteur . - 202971. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism > 136 (August 2026) . - 202971 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Law enforcement officers  Training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has found that law enforcement officers (LEOs) have limited knowledge of autism, and most have not received formal training. Researchers aimed to replicate and extend previous findings on the impact on and experiences of LEOs participating in an autism training that included virtual reality (VR) simulation. Training components included an interactive presentation, VR simulation, and think-pair-share activities. LEOs’ perceived confidence when responding to calls involving autistic individuals was the primary outcome. A total of 401 sworn LEOs attended one of 20 training sessions. Participants completed pre- and post-training surveys assessing perceived confidence in responding to related calls. LEOs also provided positive feedback on their experiences with the VR simulation, though a small number shared negative experiences such as reported motion sickness. LEOs reported significant increases in perceived confidence in responding to calls. The vast majority indicated that the training would positively influence their professional interactions with autistic individuals. Notably, LEOs without prior autism training and those without a personal relationship with an autistic individual demonstrated the greatest gains in confidence. Future research should examine the long-term effects of such training on officer behavior and call outcomes. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2026.202971 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=592

---

1 (1 - 2 / 2) Par page : 25 50 100 200