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MeCP2 modulates gene expression pathways in astrocytes / Dag H. YASUI in Molecular Autism, (January 2013)
[article]
Titre : MeCP2 modulates gene expression pathways in astrocytes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dag H. YASUI, Auteur ; Huichun XU, Auteur ; Keith DUNAWAY, Auteur ; Janine M. LASALLE, Auteur ; Lee-Way JIN, Auteur ; Izumi MAEZAWA, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : 11 p. Mots-clés : MeCP2 Epigenetics Astrocytes Rett syndrome ChIP-seq Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND:Mutations in MECP2 encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) cause the X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome. Rett syndrome patients exhibit neurological symptoms that include irregular breathing, impaired mobility, stereotypic hand movements, and loss of speech. MeCP2 protein epigenetically modulates gene expression through genome-wide binding to methylated CpG dinucleotides. While neurons have the highest level of MeCP2 expression, astrocytes and other cell types also express detectable levels of MeCP2. Recent studies suggest that astrocytes likely control the progression of Rett syndrome. Thus, the object of these studies was to identify gene targets that are affected by loss of MeCP2 binding in astrocytes.METHODS:To identify gene targets of MeCP2 in astrocytes, combined approaches of expression microarray and chromatin immunoprecipitation of MeCP2 followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) were compared between wild-type and MeCP2-deficient astrocytes. MeCP2 gene targets were compared with genes in the top 10% of MeCP2 binding levels in gene windows either within 2 kb upstream of the transcription start site, or the 'gene body' that extended from transcription start to end site, or 2 kb downstream of the transcription end site.RESULTS:A total of 118 gene transcripts surpassed the highly significant threshold (P 0.005, fold change 1.2) in expression microarray analysis from triplicate cultures. The top 10% of genes with the highest levels of MeCP2 binding were identified in two independent ChIP-seq experiments. Together this integrated, genome-wide screen for MeCP2 target genes provided an overlapping list of 19 high-confidence MeCP2-responsive gene transcripts in astrocytes. Validation of candidate target gene transcripts by RT-PCR revealed that expression of Apoc2, Cdon, Csrp and Nrep were consistently responsive to MeCP2 deficiency in astrocytes.CONCLUSIONS:The first MeCP2 ChIP-seq and gene expression microarray analysis in astrocytes reveals a set of potential MeCP2 target genes that may contribute to normal astrocyte signaling, cell division and neuronal support functions, the loss of which may contribute to the Rett syndrome phenotype. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-4-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202
in Molecular Autism > (January 2013) . - 11 p.[article] MeCP2 modulates gene expression pathways in astrocytes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dag H. YASUI, Auteur ; Huichun XU, Auteur ; Keith DUNAWAY, Auteur ; Janine M. LASALLE, Auteur ; Lee-Way JIN, Auteur ; Izumi MAEZAWA, Auteur . - 2013 . - 11 p.
in Molecular Autism > (January 2013) . - 11 p.
Mots-clés : MeCP2 Epigenetics Astrocytes Rett syndrome ChIP-seq Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND:Mutations in MECP2 encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) cause the X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome. Rett syndrome patients exhibit neurological symptoms that include irregular breathing, impaired mobility, stereotypic hand movements, and loss of speech. MeCP2 protein epigenetically modulates gene expression through genome-wide binding to methylated CpG dinucleotides. While neurons have the highest level of MeCP2 expression, astrocytes and other cell types also express detectable levels of MeCP2. Recent studies suggest that astrocytes likely control the progression of Rett syndrome. Thus, the object of these studies was to identify gene targets that are affected by loss of MeCP2 binding in astrocytes.METHODS:To identify gene targets of MeCP2 in astrocytes, combined approaches of expression microarray and chromatin immunoprecipitation of MeCP2 followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) were compared between wild-type and MeCP2-deficient astrocytes. MeCP2 gene targets were compared with genes in the top 10% of MeCP2 binding levels in gene windows either within 2 kb upstream of the transcription start site, or the 'gene body' that extended from transcription start to end site, or 2 kb downstream of the transcription end site.RESULTS:A total of 118 gene transcripts surpassed the highly significant threshold (P 0.005, fold change 1.2) in expression microarray analysis from triplicate cultures. The top 10% of genes with the highest levels of MeCP2 binding were identified in two independent ChIP-seq experiments. Together this integrated, genome-wide screen for MeCP2 target genes provided an overlapping list of 19 high-confidence MeCP2-responsive gene transcripts in astrocytes. Validation of candidate target gene transcripts by RT-PCR revealed that expression of Apoc2, Cdon, Csrp and Nrep were consistently responsive to MeCP2 deficiency in astrocytes.CONCLUSIONS:The first MeCP2 ChIP-seq and gene expression microarray analysis in astrocytes reveals a set of potential MeCP2 target genes that may contribute to normal astrocyte signaling, cell division and neuronal support functions, the loss of which may contribute to the Rett syndrome phenotype. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-4-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202 No preliminary evidence of differences in astrocyte density within the white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in autism / T. T. LEE in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)
[article]
Titre : No preliminary evidence of differences in astrocyte density within the white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. T. LEE, Auteur ; E. SKAFIDAS, Auteur ; M. DOTTORI, Auteur ; D. ZANTOMIO, Auteur ; Christos PANTELIS, Auteur ; I. EVERALL, Auteur ; G. CHANA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 64p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Astrocytes Autism Cell density Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) Glia White matter Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: While evidence for white matter and astrocytic abnormalities exist in autism, a detailed investigation of astrocytes has not been conducted. Such an investigation is further warranted by an increasing role for neuroinflammation in autism pathogenesis, with astrocytes being key players in this process. We present the first study of astrocyte density and morphology within the white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in individuals with autism. Methods: DLPFC formalin-fixed sections containing white matter from individuals with autism (n = 8, age = 4-51 years) and age-matched controls (n = 7, age = 4-46 years) were immunostained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Density of astrocytes and other glia were estimated via the optical fractionator, astrocyte somal size estimated via the nucleator, and astrocyte process length via the spaceballs probe. Results: We found no evidence for alteration in astrocyte density within DLPFC white matter of individuals with autism versus controls, together with no differences in astrocyte somal size and process length. Conclusion: Our results suggest that astrocyte abnormalities within the white matter in the DLPFC in autism may be less pronounced than previously thought. However, astrocytic dysregulation may still exist in autism, even in the absence of gross morphological changes. Our lack of evidence for astrocyte abnormalities could have been confounded to an extent by having a small sample size and wide age range, with pathological features potentially restricted to early stages of autism. Nonetheless, future investigations would benefit from assessing functional markers of astrocytes in light of the underlying pathophysiology of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0181-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330
in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 64p.[article] No preliminary evidence of differences in astrocyte density within the white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. T. LEE, Auteur ; E. SKAFIDAS, Auteur ; M. DOTTORI, Auteur ; D. ZANTOMIO, Auteur ; Christos PANTELIS, Auteur ; I. EVERALL, Auteur ; G. CHANA, Auteur . - 64p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 64p.
Mots-clés : Astrocytes Autism Cell density Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) Glia White matter Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: While evidence for white matter and astrocytic abnormalities exist in autism, a detailed investigation of astrocytes has not been conducted. Such an investigation is further warranted by an increasing role for neuroinflammation in autism pathogenesis, with astrocytes being key players in this process. We present the first study of astrocyte density and morphology within the white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in individuals with autism. Methods: DLPFC formalin-fixed sections containing white matter from individuals with autism (n = 8, age = 4-51 years) and age-matched controls (n = 7, age = 4-46 years) were immunostained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Density of astrocytes and other glia were estimated via the optical fractionator, astrocyte somal size estimated via the nucleator, and astrocyte process length via the spaceballs probe. Results: We found no evidence for alteration in astrocyte density within DLPFC white matter of individuals with autism versus controls, together with no differences in astrocyte somal size and process length. Conclusion: Our results suggest that astrocyte abnormalities within the white matter in the DLPFC in autism may be less pronounced than previously thought. However, astrocytic dysregulation may still exist in autism, even in the absence of gross morphological changes. Our lack of evidence for astrocyte abnormalities could have been confounded to an extent by having a small sample size and wide age range, with pathological features potentially restricted to early stages of autism. Nonetheless, future investigations would benefit from assessing functional markers of astrocytes in light of the underlying pathophysiology of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0181-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330 Recent advances in human stem cell-based modeling of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex / Wardiya AFSHAR SABER in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)
[article]
Titre : Recent advances in human stem cell-based modeling of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Wardiya AFSHAR SABER, Auteur ; Mustafa SAHIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 16 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Astrocytes Autism Brain organoids CRISPR/Cas9 Cortical tuber Human pluripotent stem cells Neurons Purkinje neurons Tuberous sclerosis complex Therapeutics, and Quadrant Biosciences and has served on the Scientific Advisory Board of Sage Therapeutics, Roche, Takeda, and PTEN Research Foundation. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by epilepsy, intellectual disability, and benign tumors of the brain, heart, skin, and kidney. Animal models have contributed to our understanding of normal and abnormal human brain development, but the construction of models that accurately recapitulate a human pathology remains challenging. Recent advances in stem cell biology with the derivation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from somatic cells from patients have opened new avenues to the study of TSC. This approach combined with gene-editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 offers the advantage of preserving patient-specific genetic background and the ability to generate isogenic controls by correcting a specific mutation. The patient cell line and the isogenic control can be differentiated into the cell type of interest to model various aspects of TSC. In this review, we discuss the remarkable capacity of these cells to be used as a model for TSC in two- and three-dimensional cultures, the potential variability in iPSC models, and highlight differences between findings reported to date. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-0320-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 16 p.[article] Recent advances in human stem cell-based modeling of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Wardiya AFSHAR SABER, Auteur ; Mustafa SAHIN, Auteur . - 16 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 16 p.
Mots-clés : Astrocytes Autism Brain organoids CRISPR/Cas9 Cortical tuber Human pluripotent stem cells Neurons Purkinje neurons Tuberous sclerosis complex Therapeutics, and Quadrant Biosciences and has served on the Scientific Advisory Board of Sage Therapeutics, Roche, Takeda, and PTEN Research Foundation. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by epilepsy, intellectual disability, and benign tumors of the brain, heart, skin, and kidney. Animal models have contributed to our understanding of normal and abnormal human brain development, but the construction of models that accurately recapitulate a human pathology remains challenging. Recent advances in stem cell biology with the derivation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from somatic cells from patients have opened new avenues to the study of TSC. This approach combined with gene-editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 offers the advantage of preserving patient-specific genetic background and the ability to generate isogenic controls by correcting a specific mutation. The patient cell line and the isogenic control can be differentiated into the cell type of interest to model various aspects of TSC. In this review, we discuss the remarkable capacity of these cells to be used as a model for TSC in two- and three-dimensional cultures, the potential variability in iPSC models, and highlight differences between findings reported to date. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-0320-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427