Brief Report: Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders / Brian K. LEE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-9 (September 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-9 (September 2012) . - p.2000-2005 Titre : Brief Report: Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Brian K. LEE, Auteur ; Renee M. GARDNER, Auteur ; Henrik DAL, Auteur ; Anna SVENSSON, Auteur ; Maria Rosaria GALANTI, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur ; Christina DALMAN, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.2000-2005 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Population register  Smoking  Sweden  Tobacco Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke is suggested as a potential risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Previous epidemiological studies of this topic have yielded mixed findings. We performed a case–control study of 3,958 ASD cases and 38,983 controls nested in a large register-based cohort in Sweden. ASD case status was measured using a multisource case ascertainment system. In adjusted results, we found that maternal smoking during pregnancy is not associated with increased risk of ASD regardless of presence or absence of comorbid intellectual disability. Apparent associations were attributable to confounding by sociodemographic characteristics of parents such as education, income, and occupation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1425-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=180 [article] Brief Report: Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders [texte imprimé] / Brian K. LEE, Auteur ; Renee M. GARDNER, Auteur ; Henrik DAL, Auteur ; Anna SVENSSON, Auteur ; Maria Rosaria GALANTI, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur ; Christina DALMAN, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.2000-2005. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-9 (September 2012) . - p.2000-2005 Mots-clés : Autism  Population register  Smoking  Sweden  Tobacco Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke is suggested as a potential risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Previous epidemiological studies of this topic have yielded mixed findings. We performed a case–control study of 3,958 ASD cases and 38,983 controls nested in a large register-based cohort in Sweden. ASD case status was measured using a multisource case ascertainment system. In adjusted results, we found that maternal smoking during pregnancy is not associated with increased risk of ASD regardless of presence or absence of comorbid intellectual disability. Apparent associations were attributable to confounding by sociodemographic characteristics of parents such as education, income, and occupation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1425-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=180

Maternal antibodies to gliadin and autism spectrum disorders in offspring-A population-based case-control study in Sweden / Renee M. GARDNER in Autism Research, 14-9 (September 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-9 (September 2021) . - p.2002-2016 Titre : Maternal antibodies to gliadin and autism spectrum disorders in offspring-A population-based case-control study in Sweden Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Renee M. GARDNER, Auteur ; I. SAMUELSSON, Auteur ; E. G. SEVERANCE, Auteur ; H. SJÖQVIST, Auteur ; R. H. YOLKEN, Auteur ; C. DALMAN, Auteur ; H. KARLSSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2002-2016 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Case-Control Studies  Female  Gliadin  Humans  Pregnancy  Sweden/epidemiology  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorder  gliadin  gluten-sensitivity  intellectual disability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have higher levels of antibodies directed towards gliadin, a component of wheat gluten, no study has examined anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) in etiologically relevant periods before diagnosis. The objective of this study was to investigate if maternal levels of AGA, during pregnancy and at the time of birth, are associated with ASD in offspring. We analyzed AGA in archived neonatal dried blood spots (NDBS) for 921 ASD cases and 1090 controls, and in paired maternal sera collected earlier in pregnancy for a subset of 547 cases and 428 controls. We examined associations with ASD diagnoses as a group and considering common comorbidities (intellectual disability [ID] and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). We compared 206 cases to their unaffected siblings to examine the potential for confounding by shared familial factors. Odds of ASD tended to be lower among those with the highest levels (≥90th percentile) of AGA compared to those with low levels (<80th percentile; OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.56-1.09, measured in NDBS). This pattern was more apparent for ASD with comorbid ID when measured in NDBS (0.51, 0.30-0.87), with a similar trend in maternal sera (0.55, 0.24-1.29). High levels of AGA were similarly associated with lower odds of ASD in the sibling comparison. In summary, we found little association between maternal antibodies raised against components of gluten and risk of ASD in general. Exposure to high levels of AGA in the pre- and perinatal periods may be protective in terms of risk for ASD with ID. LAY SUMMARY: There is a debate among both scientists and community members as to whether an immune reaction to gluten exposure could be considered a cause of autism. We examined antibodies that are directed against gliadin, a part of gluten, in samples collected from pregnant mothers and their newborn babies. We did not see any major differences in the antibody level among those children diagnosed with ASD or their mothers compared to children who were not diagnosed with ASD. High levels of the antibodies were in fact associated with a somewhat lower risk of ASD with co-occurring intellectual disabilities, though we cannot tell from this study why that might be the case. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2567 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Maternal antibodies to gliadin and autism spectrum disorders in offspring-A population-based case-control study in Sweden [texte imprimé] / Renee M. GARDNER, Auteur ; I. SAMUELSSON, Auteur ; E. G. SEVERANCE, Auteur ; H. SJÖQVIST, Auteur ; R. H. YOLKEN, Auteur ; C. DALMAN, Auteur ; H. KARLSSON, Auteur . - p.2002-2016. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-9 (September 2021) . - p.2002-2016 Mots-clés : Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Case-Control Studies  Female  Gliadin  Humans  Pregnancy  Sweden/epidemiology  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorder  gliadin  gluten-sensitivity  intellectual disability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have higher levels of antibodies directed towards gliadin, a component of wheat gluten, no study has examined anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) in etiologically relevant periods before diagnosis. The objective of this study was to investigate if maternal levels of AGA, during pregnancy and at the time of birth, are associated with ASD in offspring. We analyzed AGA in archived neonatal dried blood spots (NDBS) for 921 ASD cases and 1090 controls, and in paired maternal sera collected earlier in pregnancy for a subset of 547 cases and 428 controls. We examined associations with ASD diagnoses as a group and considering common comorbidities (intellectual disability [ID] and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). We compared 206 cases to their unaffected siblings to examine the potential for confounding by shared familial factors. Odds of ASD tended to be lower among those with the highest levels (≥90th percentile) of AGA compared to those with low levels (<80th percentile; OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.56-1.09, measured in NDBS). This pattern was more apparent for ASD with comorbid ID when measured in NDBS (0.51, 0.30-0.87), with a similar trend in maternal sera (0.55, 0.24-1.29). High levels of AGA were similarly associated with lower odds of ASD in the sibling comparison. In summary, we found little association between maternal antibodies raised against components of gluten and risk of ASD in general. Exposure to high levels of AGA in the pre- and perinatal periods may be protective in terms of risk for ASD with ID. LAY SUMMARY: There is a debate among both scientists and community members as to whether an immune reaction to gluten exposure could be considered a cause of autism. We examined antibodies that are directed against gliadin, a part of gluten, in samples collected from pregnant mothers and their newborn babies. We did not see any major differences in the antibody level among those children diagnosed with ASD or their mothers compared to children who were not diagnosed with ASD. High levels of the antibodies were in fact associated with a somewhat lower risk of ASD with co-occurring intellectual disabilities, though we cannot tell from this study why that might be the case. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2567 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Maternal hirsutism and autism spectrum disorders in offspring / Brian K. LEE in Autism Research, 10-9 (September 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-9 (September 2017) . - p.1544-1546 Titre : Maternal hirsutism and autism spectrum disorders in offspring Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Brian K. LEE, Auteur ; Stefan ARVER, Auteur ; Linnea WIDMAN, Auteur ; Renee M. GARDNER, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur ; Christina DALMAN, Auteur ; Kyriaki KOSIDOU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1544-1546 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : epidemiology - analytic (risk factors)  pre- and perinatal risk factors  environmental risk factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Because animal and human studies indicate that androgen exposure can influence neurodevelopment, it has been hypothesized that prenatal exposure to excess androgens may predispose to disorders with male-skewed ratio such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Therefore, maternal conditions characterized by hyperandrogenism such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or hirsutism may be relevant to child ASD. We previously found in a large Swedish case-control study of 23,748 ASD cases and 208,796 matched controls that PCOS in mothers is associated with increased offspring risk of ASD. In the same sample, we have now examined whether maternal diagnoses of hirsutism were associated with ASD. In both unadjusted logistic regression models and models adjusted for a variety of covariates, hirsutism was associated with higher odds of ASD. The most adjusted odds ratios for associations with ASD for hirsutism diagnosis before birth and lifetime diagnosis of hirsutism were 1.64 (95% CI: 0.94, 2.83) and 1.26 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.57), respectively. The presence of an association of maternal hirsutism with child ASD is consistent with the hypothesis that androgens may be involved in the etiology of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1797 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=320 [article] Maternal hirsutism and autism spectrum disorders in offspring [texte imprimé] / Brian K. LEE, Auteur ; Stefan ARVER, Auteur ; Linnea WIDMAN, Auteur ; Renee M. GARDNER, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur ; Christina DALMAN, Auteur ; Kyriaki KOSIDOU, Auteur . - p.1544-1546. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-9 (September 2017) . - p.1544-1546 Mots-clés : epidemiology - analytic (risk factors)  pre- and perinatal risk factors  environmental risk factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Because animal and human studies indicate that androgen exposure can influence neurodevelopment, it has been hypothesized that prenatal exposure to excess androgens may predispose to disorders with male-skewed ratio such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Therefore, maternal conditions characterized by hyperandrogenism such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or hirsutism may be relevant to child ASD. We previously found in a large Swedish case-control study of 23,748 ASD cases and 208,796 matched controls that PCOS in mothers is associated with increased offspring risk of ASD. In the same sample, we have now examined whether maternal diagnoses of hirsutism were associated with ASD. In both unadjusted logistic regression models and models adjusted for a variety of covariates, hirsutism was associated with higher odds of ASD. The most adjusted odds ratios for associations with ASD for hirsutism diagnosis before birth and lifetime diagnosis of hirsutism were 1.64 (95% CI: 0.94, 2.83) and 1.26 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.57), respectively. The presence of an association of maternal hirsutism with child ASD is consistent with the hypothesis that androgens may be involved in the etiology of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1797 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=320

The Familial Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder with and without Intellectual Disability / Sherlly XIE in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2242-2250 Titre : The Familial Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder with and without Intellectual Disability Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sherlly XIE, Auteur ; HÃ¥kan KARLSSON, Auteur ; Christina DALMAN, Auteur ; Linnea WIDMAN, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur ; Renee M. GARDNER, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur ; Sven SANDIN, Auteur ; Loni P. TABB, Auteur ; Craig J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Brian K. LEE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2242-2250 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  familial risk  family study  heritability  intellectual disability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heritable, yet how its familial risk and heritability may vary by cognitive ability is not well understood. In this population-based cohort study, we examined the familial risk and heritability of ASD with and without co-occurring intellectual disability (ID). We estimated odds ratios and heritability of ASD with ID (ASD+ID) and ASD without ID (ASD-ID) using register-based diagnosis data of 567,436 index persons born in 1984-2009 in Stockholm County, Sweden, and their parents, siblings, cousins, aunts, and uncles. The familial risk profile exhibited differences between ASD-ID and ASD+ID, most notably for index persons with affected parents. For example, for an index person who had at least one parent with ASD, the child's odds of ASD-ID and ASD+ID (95% confidence interval (CI)) increased by 16.2 (14.2-18.6) and 7.4 (5.5-10.0) folds, respectively. The more closely related a family member with ASD was, the greater the observed risk was of ASD in the index person, especially for ASD-ID. The broad-sense heritability (95% CI) for ASD - ID and ASD+ID were 64.6% (46.0-100.0%) and 33.4% (14.4-58.4%), respectively. Familial risk and heritability of ASD may vary by intellectual ability, which implies that risk factors between these ASD phenotypes may differ. Our findings from the heritability analysis and familial risk analysis suggest that ASD-ID may have a greater genetic basis than ASD+ID, although this should be verified in future studies. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heritable, yet how its familial risk and heritability may vary by cognitive ability is not well-understood. In a population-based cohort study on families of 567,436 index persons using Swedish registers data, we found that the familial risk profile differed between ASD with and without intellectual disability. Our findings from the heritability analysis and familial risk analysis suggest that ASD-ID may have a greater genetic basis than ASD+ID, although this should be verified in future studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2417 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] The Familial Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder with and without Intellectual Disability [texte imprimé] / Sherlly XIE, Auteur ; HÃ¥kan KARLSSON, Auteur ; Christina DALMAN, Auteur ; Linnea WIDMAN, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur ; Renee M. GARDNER, Auteur ; Cecilia MAGNUSSON, Auteur ; Sven SANDIN, Auteur ; Loni P. TABB, Auteur ; Craig J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Brian K. LEE, Auteur . - p.2242-2250. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2242-2250 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  familial risk  family study  heritability  intellectual disability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heritable, yet how its familial risk and heritability may vary by cognitive ability is not well understood. In this population-based cohort study, we examined the familial risk and heritability of ASD with and without co-occurring intellectual disability (ID). We estimated odds ratios and heritability of ASD with ID (ASD+ID) and ASD without ID (ASD-ID) using register-based diagnosis data of 567,436 index persons born in 1984-2009 in Stockholm County, Sweden, and their parents, siblings, cousins, aunts, and uncles. The familial risk profile exhibited differences between ASD-ID and ASD+ID, most notably for index persons with affected parents. For example, for an index person who had at least one parent with ASD, the child's odds of ASD-ID and ASD+ID (95% confidence interval (CI)) increased by 16.2 (14.2-18.6) and 7.4 (5.5-10.0) folds, respectively. The more closely related a family member with ASD was, the greater the observed risk was of ASD in the index person, especially for ASD-ID. The broad-sense heritability (95% CI) for ASD - ID and ASD+ID were 64.6% (46.0-100.0%) and 33.4% (14.4-58.4%), respectively. Familial risk and heritability of ASD may vary by intellectual ability, which implies that risk factors between these ASD phenotypes may differ. Our findings from the heritability analysis and familial risk analysis suggest that ASD-ID may have a greater genetic basis than ASD+ID, although this should be verified in future studies. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heritable, yet how its familial risk and heritability may vary by cognitive ability is not well-understood. In a population-based cohort study on families of 567,436 index persons using Swedish registers data, we found that the familial risk profile differed between ASD with and without intellectual disability. Our findings from the heritability analysis and familial risk analysis suggest that ASD-ID may have a greater genetic basis than ASD+ID, although this should be verified in future studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2417 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

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