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Auteur Simon BARON-COHEN |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (221)
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[article]
Titre : Autistic traits in adults who have attempted suicide Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : G. RICHARDS, Auteur ; R. KENNY, Auteur ; S. GRIFFITHS, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; D. MOSSE, Auteur ; R. HOLT, Auteur ; R. C. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Sarah A. CASSIDY, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 26p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asc Asd Asperger syndrome Autism Autism spectrum Autistic traits Depression Mental health Suicidality Suicide Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: An emerging literature suggests that autistic adults are at increased risk of experiencing suicidal thoughts, making suicidal plans and attempts, and dying by suicide. However, few studies have investigated whether autistic traits are related to suicidal behaviour. The current study examined autistic traits in a sample of adults who reported at least one suicide attempt. Methods: An online questionnaire was advertised between June and September 2017 on suicide prevention websites, research databases, and social media. Participants reported whether they had ever attempted suicide (yes/no), and if so, how many times they had attempted (once/more than once). They also reported diagnosed and suspected mental health or neurodevelopmental conditions, and completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Two hundred forty-five adults accessed the survey; 132 reported having attempted suicide and also completed the AQ. It was hypothesised that AQ total scores and subscale scores would be higher in adults who had attempted suicide more than once compared to adults who had attempted once. These hypotheses were tested using an independent samples t test, Mann-Whitney U tests, and binary logistic regression. Results: Most participants were female (83.3%, male = 12.9%, other = 3.8%), and ages ranged from 18 to 65 (median = 36.00; IQR = 19.00). Total AQ scores, as well as communication and imagination subscale scores were significantly higher in adults who had attempted suicide more than once compared to adults who had attempted suicide once. Even after removing participants with diagnosed or suspected autism (n = 34), 40.6% had an AQ score indicative of clinical concern (>/= 26). Conclusions: The findings suggest that high levels of autistic traits may frequently be present in adults who have attempted suicide, and that AQ scores are higher in those with a history of more than one suicide attempt. It may be possible to better identify suicide risk by screening autistic adults with mental health conditions for suicidal thoughts and behaviours, and by screening people with suicidal thoughts and/or behaviours for autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0274-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=402
in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 26p.[article] Autistic traits in adults who have attempted suicide [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / G. RICHARDS, Auteur ; R. KENNY, Auteur ; S. GRIFFITHS, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; D. MOSSE, Auteur ; R. HOLT, Auteur ; R. C. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Sarah A. CASSIDY, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 26p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 26p.
Mots-clés : Asc Asd Asperger syndrome Autism Autism spectrum Autistic traits Depression Mental health Suicidality Suicide Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: An emerging literature suggests that autistic adults are at increased risk of experiencing suicidal thoughts, making suicidal plans and attempts, and dying by suicide. However, few studies have investigated whether autistic traits are related to suicidal behaviour. The current study examined autistic traits in a sample of adults who reported at least one suicide attempt. Methods: An online questionnaire was advertised between June and September 2017 on suicide prevention websites, research databases, and social media. Participants reported whether they had ever attempted suicide (yes/no), and if so, how many times they had attempted (once/more than once). They also reported diagnosed and suspected mental health or neurodevelopmental conditions, and completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Two hundred forty-five adults accessed the survey; 132 reported having attempted suicide and also completed the AQ. It was hypothesised that AQ total scores and subscale scores would be higher in adults who had attempted suicide more than once compared to adults who had attempted once. These hypotheses were tested using an independent samples t test, Mann-Whitney U tests, and binary logistic regression. Results: Most participants were female (83.3%, male = 12.9%, other = 3.8%), and ages ranged from 18 to 65 (median = 36.00; IQR = 19.00). Total AQ scores, as well as communication and imagination subscale scores were significantly higher in adults who had attempted suicide more than once compared to adults who had attempted suicide once. Even after removing participants with diagnosed or suspected autism (n = 34), 40.6% had an AQ score indicative of clinical concern (>/= 26). Conclusions: The findings suggest that high levels of autistic traits may frequently be present in adults who have attempted suicide, and that AQ scores are higher in those with a history of more than one suicide attempt. It may be possible to better identify suicide risk by screening autistic adults with mental health conditions for suicidal thoughts and behaviours, and by screening people with suicidal thoughts and/or behaviours for autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0274-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=402 Autistic Traits in Treatment-Seeking Transgender Adults / A. NOBILI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-12 (December 2018)
[article]
Titre : Autistic Traits in Treatment-Seeking Transgender Adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. NOBILI, Auteur ; C. GLAZEBROOK, Auteur ; W. P. BOUMAN, Auteur ; D. GLIDDEN, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; J. ARCELUS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3984-3994 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions Autism spectrum quotient (AQ) Autistic traits Social anxiety Social issues Transgender Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study aimed to compare prevalence of autistic traits measured by the self-reported autism spectrum quotient-short (AQ-short) in a transgender clinical population (n = 656) matched by age and sex assigned at birth to a cisgender community sample. Results showed that transgender and cisgender people reported similar levels of possible autistic caseness. Transgender people assigned female were more likely to have clinically significant autistic traits compared to any other group. No difference was found between those assigned male. High AQ scores may not be indicative of the presence of an autism spectrum condition as the difference between groups mainly related to social behaviours; such scores may be a reflection of transgender people's high social anxiety levels due to negative past experiences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3557-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-12 (December 2018) . - p.3984-3994[article] Autistic Traits in Treatment-Seeking Transgender Adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. NOBILI, Auteur ; C. GLAZEBROOK, Auteur ; W. P. BOUMAN, Auteur ; D. GLIDDEN, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; J. ARCELUS, Auteur . - p.3984-3994.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-12 (December 2018) . - p.3984-3994
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions Autism spectrum quotient (AQ) Autistic traits Social anxiety Social issues Transgender Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study aimed to compare prevalence of autistic traits measured by the self-reported autism spectrum quotient-short (AQ-short) in a transgender clinical population (n = 656) matched by age and sex assigned at birth to a cisgender community sample. Results showed that transgender and cisgender people reported similar levels of possible autistic caseness. Transgender people assigned female were more likely to have clinically significant autistic traits compared to any other group. No difference was found between those assigned male. High AQ scores may not be indicative of the presence of an autism spectrum condition as the difference between groups mainly related to social behaviours; such scores may be a reflection of transgender people's high social anxiety levels due to negative past experiences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3557-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371 Autistic traits, resting-state connectivity, and absolute pitch in professional musicians: shared and distinct neural features / T. WENHART in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)
[article]
Titre : Autistic traits, resting-state connectivity, and absolute pitch in professional musicians: shared and distinct neural features Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. WENHART, Auteur ; Richard A. I. BETHLEHEM, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; E. ALTENMULLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 20 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Absolute pitch Autistic traits Brain networks Electroencephalography Graph theory Musicians Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Recent studies indicate increased autistic traits in musicians with absolute pitch and a higher proportion of absolute pitch in people with autism. Theoretical accounts connect both of these with shared neural principles of local hyper- and global hypoconnectivity, enhanced perceptual functioning, and a detail-focused cognitive style. This is the first study to investigate absolute pitch proficiency, autistic traits, and brain correlates in the same study. Sample and methods: Graph theoretical analysis was conducted on resting-state (eyes closed and eyes open) EEG connectivity (wPLI, weighted phase lag index) matrices obtained from 31 absolute pitch (AP) and 33 relative pitch (RP) professional musicians. Small-worldness, global clustering coefficient, and average path length were related to autistic traits, passive (tone identification) and active (pitch adjustment) absolute pitch proficiency, and onset of musical training using Welch two-sample tests, correlations, and general linear models. Results: Analyses revealed increased path length (delta 2-4 Hz), reduced clustering (beta 13-18 Hz), reduced small-worldness (gamma 30-60 Hz), and increased autistic traits for AP compared to RP. Only clustering values (beta 13-18 Hz) were predicted by both AP proficiency and autistic traits. Post hoc single connection permutation tests among raw wPLI matrices in the beta band (13-18 Hz) revealed widely reduced interhemispheric connectivity between bilateral auditory-related electrode positions along with higher connectivity between F7-F8 and F8-P9 for AP. Pitch-naming ability and pitch adjustment ability were predicted by path length, clustering, autistic traits, and onset of musical training (for pitch adjustment) explaining 44% and 38% of variance, respectively. Conclusions: Results show both shared and distinct neural features between AP and autistic traits. Differences in the beta range were associated with higher autistic traits in the same population. In general, AP musicians exhibit a widely underconnected brain with reduced functional integration and reduced small-world property during resting state. This might be partly related to autism-specific brain connectivity, while differences in path length and small-worldness reflect other ability-specific influences. This is further evidenced for different pathways in the acquisition and development of absolute pitch, likely influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and their interaction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0272-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=398
in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 20 p.[article] Autistic traits, resting-state connectivity, and absolute pitch in professional musicians: shared and distinct neural features [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. WENHART, Auteur ; Richard A. I. BETHLEHEM, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; E. ALTENMULLER, Auteur . - 20 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 20 p.
Mots-clés : Absolute pitch Autistic traits Brain networks Electroencephalography Graph theory Musicians Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Recent studies indicate increased autistic traits in musicians with absolute pitch and a higher proportion of absolute pitch in people with autism. Theoretical accounts connect both of these with shared neural principles of local hyper- and global hypoconnectivity, enhanced perceptual functioning, and a detail-focused cognitive style. This is the first study to investigate absolute pitch proficiency, autistic traits, and brain correlates in the same study. Sample and methods: Graph theoretical analysis was conducted on resting-state (eyes closed and eyes open) EEG connectivity (wPLI, weighted phase lag index) matrices obtained from 31 absolute pitch (AP) and 33 relative pitch (RP) professional musicians. Small-worldness, global clustering coefficient, and average path length were related to autistic traits, passive (tone identification) and active (pitch adjustment) absolute pitch proficiency, and onset of musical training using Welch two-sample tests, correlations, and general linear models. Results: Analyses revealed increased path length (delta 2-4 Hz), reduced clustering (beta 13-18 Hz), reduced small-worldness (gamma 30-60 Hz), and increased autistic traits for AP compared to RP. Only clustering values (beta 13-18 Hz) were predicted by both AP proficiency and autistic traits. Post hoc single connection permutation tests among raw wPLI matrices in the beta band (13-18 Hz) revealed widely reduced interhemispheric connectivity between bilateral auditory-related electrode positions along with higher connectivity between F7-F8 and F8-P9 for AP. Pitch-naming ability and pitch adjustment ability were predicted by path length, clustering, autistic traits, and onset of musical training (for pitch adjustment) explaining 44% and 38% of variance, respectively. Conclusions: Results show both shared and distinct neural features between AP and autistic traits. Differences in the beta range were associated with higher autistic traits in the same population. In general, AP musicians exhibit a widely underconnected brain with reduced functional integration and reduced small-world property during resting state. This might be partly related to autism-specific brain connectivity, while differences in path length and small-worldness reflect other ability-specific influences. This is further evidenced for different pathways in the acquisition and development of absolute pitch, likely influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and their interaction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0272-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=398 Basic and complex emotion recognition in children with autism: cross-cultural findings / S. FRIDENSON-HAYO in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)
[article]
Titre : Basic and complex emotion recognition in children with autism: cross-cultural findings Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. FRIDENSON-HAYO, Auteur ; Steve BERGGREN, Auteur ; A. LASSALLE, Auteur ; S. TAL, Auteur ; D. PIGAT, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; O. GOLAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 52p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Acoustic Stimulation Auditory Perception Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology/psychology Case-Control Studies Child Child, Preschool Cross-Cultural Comparison Emotions Facial Expression Female Humans Israel Male Photic Stimulation Psychological Tests Sweden United Kingdom Video Recording Visual Perception Autism spectrum condition Basic emotions Complex emotions Cross-cultural research Emotion recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have emotion recognition deficits when tested in different expression modalities (face, voice, body). However, these findings usually focus on basic emotions, using one or two expression modalities. In addition, cultural similarities and differences in emotion recognition patterns in children with ASC have not been explored before. The current study examined the similarities and differences in the recognition of basic and complex emotions by children with ASC and typically developing (TD) controls across three cultures: Israel, Britain, and Sweden. METHODS: Fifty-five children with high-functioning ASC, aged 5-9, were compared to 58 TD children. On each site, groups were matched on age, sex, and IQ. Children were tested using four tasks, examining recognition of basic and complex emotions from voice recordings, videos of facial and bodily expressions, and emotional video scenarios including all modalities in context. RESULTS: Compared to their TD peers, children with ASC showed emotion recognition deficits in both basic and complex emotions on all three modalities and their integration in context. Complex emotions were harder to recognize, compared to basic emotions for the entire sample. Cross-cultural agreement was found for all major findings, with minor deviations on the face and body tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the multimodal nature of ER deficits in ASC, which exist for basic as well as complex emotions and are relatively stable cross-culturally. Cross-cultural research has the potential to reveal both autism-specific universal deficits and the role that specific cultures play in the way empathy operates in different countries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0113-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 52p.[article] Basic and complex emotion recognition in children with autism: cross-cultural findings [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. FRIDENSON-HAYO, Auteur ; Steve BERGGREN, Auteur ; A. LASSALLE, Auteur ; S. TAL, Auteur ; D. PIGAT, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; O. GOLAN, Auteur . - 52p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 52p.
Mots-clés : Acoustic Stimulation Auditory Perception Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology/psychology Case-Control Studies Child Child, Preschool Cross-Cultural Comparison Emotions Facial Expression Female Humans Israel Male Photic Stimulation Psychological Tests Sweden United Kingdom Video Recording Visual Perception Autism spectrum condition Basic emotions Complex emotions Cross-cultural research Emotion recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have emotion recognition deficits when tested in different expression modalities (face, voice, body). However, these findings usually focus on basic emotions, using one or two expression modalities. In addition, cultural similarities and differences in emotion recognition patterns in children with ASC have not been explored before. The current study examined the similarities and differences in the recognition of basic and complex emotions by children with ASC and typically developing (TD) controls across three cultures: Israel, Britain, and Sweden. METHODS: Fifty-five children with high-functioning ASC, aged 5-9, were compared to 58 TD children. On each site, groups were matched on age, sex, and IQ. Children were tested using four tasks, examining recognition of basic and complex emotions from voice recordings, videos of facial and bodily expressions, and emotional video scenarios including all modalities in context. RESULTS: Compared to their TD peers, children with ASC showed emotion recognition deficits in both basic and complex emotions on all three modalities and their integration in context. Complex emotions were harder to recognize, compared to basic emotions for the entire sample. Cross-cultural agreement was found for all major findings, with minor deviations on the face and body tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the multimodal nature of ER deficits in ASC, which exist for basic as well as complex emotions and are relatively stable cross-culturally. Cross-cultural research has the potential to reveal both autism-specific universal deficits and the role that specific cultures play in the way empathy operates in different countries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0113-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328 Brain Routes for Reading in Adults with and without Autism: EMEG Evidence / Rachel L. MOSELEY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-1 (January 2014)
[article]
Titre : Brain Routes for Reading in Adults with and without Autism: EMEG Evidence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Friedemann PULVERMULLER, Auteur ; Bettina MOHR, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Yury SHTYROV, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.137-153 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reading Dual-route model Hyperlexia Semantics EEG MEG Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Reading utilises at least two neural pathways. The temporal lexical route visually maps whole words to their lexical entries, whilst the nonlexical route decodes words phonologically via parietal cortex. Readers typically employ the lexical route for familiar words, but poor comprehension plus precocity at mechanically ‘sounding out’ words suggests that differences might exist in autism. Combined MEG/EEG recordings of adults with autistic spectrum conditions (ASC) and controls while reading revealed preferential recruitment of temporal areas in controls and additional parietal recruitment in ASC. Furthermore, a lack of differences between semantic word categories was consistent with previous suggestion that people with ASC may lack a ‘default’ lexical-semantic processing mode. These results are discussed with reference to dual-route models of reading. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1858-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=220
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-1 (January 2014) . - p.137-153[article] Brain Routes for Reading in Adults with and without Autism: EMEG Evidence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Friedemann PULVERMULLER, Auteur ; Bettina MOHR, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Yury SHTYROV, Auteur . - p.137-153.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-1 (January 2014) . - p.137-153
Mots-clés : Reading Dual-route model Hyperlexia Semantics EEG MEG Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Reading utilises at least two neural pathways. The temporal lexical route visually maps whole words to their lexical entries, whilst the nonlexical route decodes words phonologically via parietal cortex. Readers typically employ the lexical route for familiar words, but poor comprehension plus precocity at mechanically ‘sounding out’ words suggests that differences might exist in autism. Combined MEG/EEG recordings of adults with autistic spectrum conditions (ASC) and controls while reading revealed preferential recruitment of temporal areas in controls and additional parietal recruitment in ASC. Furthermore, a lack of differences between semantic word categories was consistent with previous suggestion that people with ASC may lack a ‘default’ lexical-semantic processing mode. These results are discussed with reference to dual-route models of reading. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1858-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=220 Brief Report: Development of the Adolescent Empathy and Systemizing Quotients / Bonnie AUYEUNG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-10 (October 2012)
PermalinkBrief Report: Female-To-Male Transsexual People and Autistic Traits / Rebecca M. JONES in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-2 (February 2012)
PermalinkBrief Report Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Conditions in Children Aged 5-11 Years in Cambridgeshire, UK / Fiona J. SCOTT in Autism, 6-3 (September 2002)
PermalinkBrief Report: The Go/No-Go Task Online: Inhibitory Control Deficits in Autism in a Large Sample / F. UZEFOVSKY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-8 (August 2016)
PermalinkCapping four years of growth of Molecular Autism: impact factor coming in 2014 / Joseph D. BUXBAUM in Molecular Autism, (December 2013)
PermalinkLa cécité mentale / Simon BARON-COHEN
PermalinkChild, Maternal and Demographic Factors Influencing Caregiver-Reported Autistic Trait Symptomatology in Toddlers / D. A. GOH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-4 (April 2018)
PermalinkA "choice", an "addiction", a way "out of the lost": exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability / R. L. MOSELEY in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)
PermalinkCommentary: 'Camouflaging' in autistic people - reflection on Fombonne (2020) / Meng-Chuan LAI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-8 (August 2021)
PermalinkCommentary: How Social is Social Cognition? / Simon BARON-COHEN
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