Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur

Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Show a Circumspect Reasoning Bias Rather than ‘Jumping-to-Conclusions’ / Mark BROSNAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-3 (March 2014) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-3 (March 2014) . - p.513-520 Titre : Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Show a Circumspect Reasoning Bias Rather than ‘Jumping-to-Conclusions’ Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Emma CHAPMAN, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.513-520 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Jumping-to-conclusions  Reasoning bias  Decision-making Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often take longer to make decisions. The Autism-Psychosis Model proposes that people with autism and psychosis show the opposite pattern of results on cognitive tasks. As those with psychosis show a jump-to-conclusions reasoning bias, those with ASD should show a circumspect reasoning bias. Jumping-to-conclusions was assessed in a sample of 20 adolescents with ASD and 23 age-matched controls using the jumping-to-conclusions beads task. Both groups demonstrated equivalent levels of confidence in decision-making, however the ASD group required more beads than controls before making their decision. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the beads required and degree of autism symptoms. Consistent with the Autism-Psychosis Model, a more circumspect reasoning bias was evident in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1897-5 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2254 [article] Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Show a Circumspect Reasoning Bias Rather than ‘Jumping-to-Conclusions’ [texte imprimé] / Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Emma CHAPMAN, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur . - p.513-520. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-3 (March 2014) . - p.513-520 Mots-clés : Autism  Jumping-to-conclusions  Reasoning bias  Decision-making Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often take longer to make decisions. The Autism-Psychosis Model proposes that people with autism and psychosis show the opposite pattern of results on cognitive tasks. As those with psychosis show a jump-to-conclusions reasoning bias, those with ASD should show a circumspect reasoning bias. Jumping-to-conclusions was assessed in a sample of 20 adolescents with ASD and 23 age-matched controls using the jumping-to-conclusions beads task. Both groups demonstrated equivalent levels of confidence in decision-making, however the ASD group required more beads than controls before making their decision. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the beads required and degree of autism symptoms. Consistent with the Autism-Psychosis Model, a more circumspect reasoning bias was evident in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1897-5 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2254

Atypical integration of social cues for orienting to gaze direction in adults with autism / Chris ASHWIN in Molecular Autism, (January 2015) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Molecular Autism > (January 2015) . - p.1-10 Titre : Atypical integration of social cues for orienting to gaze direction in adults with autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Jari K. HIETANEN, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-10 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Gaze direction provides important information about social attention, and people tend to reflexively orient in the direction others are gazing. Perceiving the gaze of others relies on the integration of multiple social cues, which include perceptual information related to the eyes, gaze direction, head position, and body orientation of others. Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are characterised by social and emotional deficits, including atypical gaze behaviour. The social-emotional deficits may emerge from a reliance on perceptual information involving details and features, at the expense of more holistic processing, which includes the integration of features. While people with ASC are often able to physically compute gaze direction and show intact reflexive orienting to others’ gaze, they show deficits in reading mental states from the eyes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-6-5 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2771 [article] Atypical integration of social cues for orienting to gaze direction in adults with autism [texte imprimé] / Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Jari K. HIETANEN, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - p.1-10. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > (January 2015) . - p.1-10 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Gaze direction provides important information about social attention, and people tend to reflexively orient in the direction others are gazing. Perceiving the gaze of others relies on the integration of multiple social cues, which include perceptual information related to the eyes, gaze direction, head position, and body orientation of others. Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are characterised by social and emotional deficits, including atypical gaze behaviour. The social-emotional deficits may emerge from a reliance on perceptual information involving details and features, at the expense of more holistic processing, which includes the integration of features. While people with ASC are often able to physically compute gaze direction and show intact reflexive orienting to others’ gaze, they show deficits in reading mental states from the eyes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-6-5 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2771

Brief Report: Intuitive and Reflective Reasoning in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Mark BROSNAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-8 (August 2017) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-8 (August 2017) . - p.2595-2601 Titre : Brief Report: Intuitive and Reflective Reasoning in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Marcus LEWTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2595-2601 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Reasoning  Intuition  Reflection  Dual process theory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Dual Process Theory has recently been applied to Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to suggest that reasoning by people with ASD and people with higher levels of ASD-like traits can be characterised by reduced intuitive and greater reflective processing. 26 adolescents and adults with ASD and 22 adolescent and adult controls completed an assessment of ASD-like traits, the cognitive reflections test (CRT) to measure intuitive and reflective reasoning and an index of general cognitive ability. The ASD group produced less intuitive responses, and the degree of ASD-like traits showed a negative correlation with intuitive responses and positive correlation with reflective responses on the CRT. Together, these results are consistent with ASD being associated with reduced intuitive reasoning and greater deductive reasoning. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3131-3 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3152 [article] Brief Report: Intuitive and Reflective Reasoning in Autism Spectrum Disorder [texte imprimé] / Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Marcus LEWTON, Auteur . - p.2595-2601. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-8 (August 2017) . - p.2595-2601 Mots-clés : Autism  Reasoning  Intuition  Reflection  Dual process theory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Dual Process Theory has recently been applied to Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to suggest that reasoning by people with ASD and people with higher levels of ASD-like traits can be characterised by reduced intuitive and greater reflective processing. 26 adolescents and adults with ASD and 22 adolescent and adult controls completed an assessment of ASD-like traits, the cognitive reflections test (CRT) to measure intuitive and reflective reasoning and an index of general cognitive ability. The ASD group produced less intuitive responses, and the degree of ASD-like traits showed a negative correlation with intuitive responses and positive correlation with reflective responses on the CRT. Together, these results are consistent with ASD being associated with reduced intuitive reasoning and greater deductive reasoning. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3131-3 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3152

Diminished sensitivity and specificity at recognising facial emotional expressions of varying intensity underlie emotion-specific recognition deficits in autism spectrum disorders / Tanja S. H. WINGENBACH in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 34 (February 2017) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 34 (February 2017) . - p.52-61 Titre : Diminished sensitivity and specificity at recognising facial emotional expressions of varying intensity underlie emotion-specific recognition deficits in autism spectrum disorders Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Tanja S. H. WINGENBACH, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.52-61 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Facial emotion recognition  ASD  Subtle expressions  Varying expression intensity  Sensitivity  Error analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground A plethora of research on facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exists and reported deficits in ASD compared to controls, particularly for negative basic emotions. However, these studies have largely used static high intensity stimuli. The current study investigated facial emotion recognition across three levels of expression intensity from videos, looking at accuracy rates to investigate impairments in facial emotion recognition and error patterns (’confusions’) to explore potential underlying factors. Method Twelve individuals with ASD (9?M/3F;?M(age) = 17.3) and 12 matched controls (9?M/3F;?M(age) = 16.9) completed a facial emotion recognition task including 9 emotion categories (anger, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, happiness, contempt, embarrassment, pride) and neutral, each expressed by 12 encoders at low, intermediate, and high intensity. Results A facial emotion recognition deficit was found overall for the ASD group compared to controls, as well as deficits in recognising individual negative emotions at varying expression intensities. Compared to controls, the ASD group showed significantly more, albeit typical, confusions between emotion categories (at high intensity), and significantly more confusions of emotions as ‘neutral’ (at low intensity). Conclusions The facial emotion recognition deficits identified in ASD, particularly for negative emotions, are in line with previous studies using other types of stimuli. Error analysis showed that individuals with ASD had difficulties detecting emotional information in the face (sensitivity) at low intensity, and correctly identifying emotional information (specificity) at high intensity. These results suggest different underlying mechanisms for the facial emotion recognition deficits at low vs high expression intensity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.003 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2988 [article] Diminished sensitivity and specificity at recognising facial emotional expressions of varying intensity underlie emotion-specific recognition deficits in autism spectrum disorders [texte imprimé] / Tanja S. H. WINGENBACH, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur . - p.52-61. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 34 (February 2017) . - p.52-61 Mots-clés : Facial emotion recognition  ASD  Subtle expressions  Varying expression intensity  Sensitivity  Error analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground A plethora of research on facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exists and reported deficits in ASD compared to controls, particularly for negative basic emotions. However, these studies have largely used static high intensity stimuli. The current study investigated facial emotion recognition across three levels of expression intensity from videos, looking at accuracy rates to investigate impairments in facial emotion recognition and error patterns (’confusions’) to explore potential underlying factors. Method Twelve individuals with ASD (9?M/3F;?M(age) = 17.3) and 12 matched controls (9?M/3F;?M(age) = 16.9) completed a facial emotion recognition task including 9 emotion categories (anger, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, happiness, contempt, embarrassment, pride) and neutral, each expressed by 12 encoders at low, intermediate, and high intensity. Results A facial emotion recognition deficit was found overall for the ASD group compared to controls, as well as deficits in recognising individual negative emotions at varying expression intensities. Compared to controls, the ASD group showed significantly more, albeit typical, confusions between emotion categories (at high intensity), and significantly more confusions of emotions as ‘neutral’ (at low intensity). Conclusions The facial emotion recognition deficits identified in ASD, particularly for negative emotions, are in line with previous studies using other types of stimuli. Error analysis showed that individuals with ASD had difficulties detecting emotional information in the face (sensitivity) at low intensity, and correctly identifying emotional information (specificity) at high intensity. These results suggest different underlying mechanisms for the facial emotion recognition deficits at low vs high expression intensity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.003 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2988

Do the traits of autism-spectrum overlap with those of schizophrenia or obsessive-compulsive disorder in the general population? / Akio WAKABAYASHI in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6-2 (April-June 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 6-2 (April-June 2012) . - p.717-725 Titre : Do the traits of autism-spectrum overlap with those of schizophrenia or obsessive-compulsive disorder in the general population? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Akio WAKABAYASHI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.717-725 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism-spectrum  Schizophrenia  Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)  Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ)  Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ)  Padua Inventory (PI) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social and communicative deficits, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors are diagnostic features of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The present study examined the relationship between autistic characteristics and schizophrenia-spectrum traits as well as between autistic characteristics and obsessive-compulsive traits in typically developed young adults. The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) was given separately to two large samples. In addition, one sample (N = 662) was given the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) to assess schizophrenia-spectrum traits, whereas the other sample (N = 347) was given the Padua Inventory (PI) to assess obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) traits. The results revealed a moderate correlation between the AQ and the SPQ total scores; however, multiple regression analyses showed that the “Cognitive-Perceptual” factor did not predict the autism-spectrum degree, although autistic characteristics and schizophrenia-spectrum traits had common social–emotional difficulties. Similarly, there was a moderate correlation between the AQ and PI total scores, which suggests that they had common problems in cognitive aspects; however, autism-spectrum and OCD traits differed with regard to other behavioral characteristics including repetitive or impulsive behaviors. Therefore, there was not a large overlap of the autism-spectrum and either the schizophrenia- or obsessive-compulsive spectrums, although certain traits were correlated with each other. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.09.008 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1505 [article] Do the traits of autism-spectrum overlap with those of schizophrenia or obsessive-compulsive disorder in the general population? [texte imprimé] / Akio WAKABAYASHI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.717-725. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 6-2 (April-June 2012) . - p.717-725 Mots-clés : Autism-spectrum  Schizophrenia  Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)  Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ)  Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ)  Padua Inventory (PI) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social and communicative deficits, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors are diagnostic features of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The present study examined the relationship between autistic characteristics and schizophrenia-spectrum traits as well as between autistic characteristics and obsessive-compulsive traits in typically developed young adults. The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) was given separately to two large samples. In addition, one sample (N = 662) was given the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) to assess schizophrenia-spectrum traits, whereas the other sample (N = 347) was given the Padua Inventory (PI) to assess obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) traits. The results revealed a moderate correlation between the AQ and the SPQ total scores; however, multiple regression analyses showed that the “Cognitive-Perceptual” factor did not predict the autism-spectrum degree, although autistic characteristics and schizophrenia-spectrum traits had common social–emotional difficulties. Similarly, there was a moderate correlation between the AQ and PI total scores, which suggests that they had common problems in cognitive aspects; however, autism-spectrum and OCD traits differed with regard to other behavioral characteristics including repetitive or impulsive behaviors. Therefore, there was not a large overlap of the autism-spectrum and either the schizophrenia- or obsessive-compulsive spectrums, although certain traits were correlated with each other. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.09.008 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1505

Empathizing and Systemizing in Autism Spectrum Conditions / Simon BARON-COHEN

Permalink

Enhanced olfactory sensitivity in autism spectrum conditions / Chris ASHWIN in Molecular Autism, (November 2014) 

Permalink

Physiological Responses to Social and Nonsocial Stimuli in Neurotypical Adults With High and Low Levels of Autistic Traits: Implications for Understanding Nonsocial Drive in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Clarence J. SINGLETON in Autism Research, 7-6 (December 2014) 

Permalink

Reasoning on the Autism Spectrum: A Dual Process Theory Account / Mark BROSNAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-6 (June 2016) 

Permalink

The Dual Process Theory of Autism / Chris ASHWIN

Permalink