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Auteur Chris ASHWIN |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (23)
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Exploring antecedents and outcomes of restricted and repetitive behaviours in autistic children: A thematic analysis of teacher interviews / Sadie JAFFEY in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 97 (September 2022)
[article]
Titre : Exploring antecedents and outcomes of restricted and repetitive behaviours in autistic children: A thematic analysis of teacher interviews Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sadie JAFFEY, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 102021 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Children Restricted repetitive behaviour Qualitative Positive Negative Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Restricted and repetitive behaviours (RRBs) are a core diagnostic feature in autism, but have received less research compared to other diagnostic areas. Qualitative research with autistic adults has reported both positive and problematic aspects of RRBs, but little qualitative research has been reported to date about the nature and outcomes of RRBs in autistic children. The present study recruited teachers in SEN schools because children have limited ability to self-reflect and report about the functions and outcomes of their behaviours. Methods The current study recruited 11 Special Educational Needs (SEN) teachers based in specialist autism schools who were interviewed about the various RRBs and their observed antecedents and outcomes for autistic children in their schools. Results Thematic analysis revealed two main themes about RRBs in autistic children, one view as positive and one as negative. The positive theme included subthemes of RRBs as enjoyable experiences, self-regulation, and a form of expression. The negative theme included subthemes of being potentially unsafe, disrupting learning, and having a compulsive nature. Conclusions SEN teachers in the present study observed both positive and negative outcomes of RRBs by autistic children, consistent with reports by autistic adults about their RRBs. The views about positive outcomes challenges previous assumptions that RRBs in autistic children are inherently detrimental and always need to be reduced or eliminated. Instead, the risks of specific RRBs should be considered against their benefits for individual autistic children to differentiate RRBs that serve a positive functional purpose versus those that may be harmful. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102021 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=486
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 97 (September 2022) . - 102021[article] Exploring antecedents and outcomes of restricted and repetitive behaviours in autistic children: A thematic analysis of teacher interviews [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sadie JAFFEY, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur . - 102021.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 97 (September 2022) . - 102021
Mots-clés : Autism Children Restricted repetitive behaviour Qualitative Positive Negative Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Restricted and repetitive behaviours (RRBs) are a core diagnostic feature in autism, but have received less research compared to other diagnostic areas. Qualitative research with autistic adults has reported both positive and problematic aspects of RRBs, but little qualitative research has been reported to date about the nature and outcomes of RRBs in autistic children. The present study recruited teachers in SEN schools because children have limited ability to self-reflect and report about the functions and outcomes of their behaviours. Methods The current study recruited 11 Special Educational Needs (SEN) teachers based in specialist autism schools who were interviewed about the various RRBs and their observed antecedents and outcomes for autistic children in their schools. Results Thematic analysis revealed two main themes about RRBs in autistic children, one view as positive and one as negative. The positive theme included subthemes of RRBs as enjoyable experiences, self-regulation, and a form of expression. The negative theme included subthemes of being potentially unsafe, disrupting learning, and having a compulsive nature. Conclusions SEN teachers in the present study observed both positive and negative outcomes of RRBs by autistic children, consistent with reports by autistic adults about their RRBs. The views about positive outcomes challenges previous assumptions that RRBs in autistic children are inherently detrimental and always need to be reduced or eliminated. Instead, the risks of specific RRBs should be considered against their benefits for individual autistic children to differentiate RRBs that serve a positive functional purpose versus those that may be harmful. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102021 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=486 Physiological Responses to Social and Nonsocial Stimuli in Neurotypical Adults With High and Low Levels of Autistic Traits: Implications for Understanding Nonsocial Drive in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Clarence J. SINGLETON in Autism Research, 7-6 (December 2014)
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Titre : Physiological Responses to Social and Nonsocial Stimuli in Neurotypical Adults With High and Low Levels of Autistic Traits: Implications for Understanding Nonsocial Drive in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Clarence J. SINGLETON, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.695-703 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : AQ Autism Spectrum Disorder non-social psychophysiology social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Researchers have suggested that the two primary cognitive features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a drive toward nonsocial processing and a reduced drive toward social processing, may be unrelated to each other in the neurotypical (NT) population and may therefore require separate explanations. Drive toward types of processing may be related to physiological arousal to categories of stimuli, such as social (e.g., faces) or nonsocial (e.g., trains). This study investigated how autistic traits in an NT population might relate to differences in physiological responses to nonsocial compared with social stimuli. NT participants were recruited to examine these differences in those with high vs. low degrees of ASD traits. Forty-six participants (21 male, 25 female) completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) to measure ASD traits before viewing a series of 24 images while skin conductance response (SCR) was recorded. Images included six nonsocial, six social, six face-like cartoons, and six nonsocial (relating to participants' personal interests). Analysis revealed that those with a higher AQ had significantly greater SCR arousal to nonsocial stimuli than those with a low AQ, and the higher the AQ, the greater the difference between SCR arousal to nonsocial and social stimuli. This is the first study to identify the relationship between AQ and physiological response to nonsocial stimuli, and a relationship between physiological response to both social and nonsocial stimuli, suggesting that physiological response may underlie the atypical drive toward nonsocial processing seen in ASD, and that at the physiological level at least the social and nonsocial in ASD may be related to one another. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1422 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=256
in Autism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.695-703[article] Physiological Responses to Social and Nonsocial Stimuli in Neurotypical Adults With High and Low Levels of Autistic Traits: Implications for Understanding Nonsocial Drive in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Clarence J. SINGLETON, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur . - p.695-703.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.695-703
Mots-clés : AQ Autism Spectrum Disorder non-social psychophysiology social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Researchers have suggested that the two primary cognitive features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a drive toward nonsocial processing and a reduced drive toward social processing, may be unrelated to each other in the neurotypical (NT) population and may therefore require separate explanations. Drive toward types of processing may be related to physiological arousal to categories of stimuli, such as social (e.g., faces) or nonsocial (e.g., trains). This study investigated how autistic traits in an NT population might relate to differences in physiological responses to nonsocial compared with social stimuli. NT participants were recruited to examine these differences in those with high vs. low degrees of ASD traits. Forty-six participants (21 male, 25 female) completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) to measure ASD traits before viewing a series of 24 images while skin conductance response (SCR) was recorded. Images included six nonsocial, six social, six face-like cartoons, and six nonsocial (relating to participants' personal interests). Analysis revealed that those with a higher AQ had significantly greater SCR arousal to nonsocial stimuli than those with a low AQ, and the higher the AQ, the greater the difference between SCR arousal to nonsocial and social stimuli. This is the first study to identify the relationship between AQ and physiological response to nonsocial stimuli, and a relationship between physiological response to both social and nonsocial stimuli, suggesting that physiological response may underlie the atypical drive toward nonsocial processing seen in ASD, and that at the physiological level at least the social and nonsocial in ASD may be related to one another. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1422 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=256 Reasoning on the Autism Spectrum: A Dual Process Theory Account / Mark BROSNAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-6 (June 2016)
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Titre : Reasoning on the Autism Spectrum: A Dual Process Theory Account Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Marcus LEWTON, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2115-2125 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Reasoning Intuition Deliberation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Dual process theory proposes two distinct reasoning processes in humans, an intuitive style that is rapid and automatic and a deliberative style that is more effortful. However, no study to date has specifically examined these reasoning styles in relation to the autism spectrum. The present studies investigated deliberative and intuitive reasoning profiles in: (1) a non-clinical sample from the general population with varying degrees of autism traits (n = 95), and (2) males diagnosed with ASD (n = 17) versus comparisons (n = 18). Taken together, the results suggest reasoning on the autism spectrum is compatible with the processes proposed by Dual Process Theory and that higher autism traits and ASD are characterised by a consistent bias towards deliberative reasoning (and potentially away from intuition). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2742-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2115-2125[article] Reasoning on the Autism Spectrum: A Dual Process Theory Account [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Marcus LEWTON, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur . - p.2115-2125.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2115-2125
Mots-clés : Autism Reasoning Intuition Deliberation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Dual process theory proposes two distinct reasoning processes in humans, an intuitive style that is rapid and automatic and a deliberative style that is more effortful. However, no study to date has specifically examined these reasoning styles in relation to the autism spectrum. The present studies investigated deliberative and intuitive reasoning profiles in: (1) a non-clinical sample from the general population with varying degrees of autism traits (n = 95), and (2) males diagnosed with ASD (n = 17) versus comparisons (n = 18). Taken together, the results suggest reasoning on the autism spectrum is compatible with the processes proposed by Dual Process Theory and that higher autism traits and ASD are characterised by a consistent bias towards deliberative reasoning (and potentially away from intuition). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2742-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288 Revised scored Sensory Perception Quotient reveals sensory hypersensitivity in women with autism / Emily TAYLOR in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)
[article]
Titre : Revised scored Sensory Perception Quotient reveals sensory hypersensitivity in women with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emily TAYLOR, Auteur ; Rosemary HOLT, Auteur ; Teresa TAVASSOLI, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 18 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions Broader autism phenotype Hypersensitivity Sensory Sensory Perception Quotient females Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Previous research using the Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ) has reported greater sensory hypersensitivity in people with autism spectrum condition (ASC) compared to controls, consistent with other research. However, current scoring of the SPQ does not differentiate between hyper and hyposensitivity, making it uncertain whether individuals with ASC might also show differences in hyposensitivity. Furthermore, no research to date has focused on sensory differences in females, and whether differences in sensory sensitivity extend to the broader autism phenotype (BAP). The present study aimed to fill these gaps. METHODS: The present study developed and validated a Revised Scoring of the Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ-RS) in order to investigate self-reported hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity in three groups of adults: a female ASC group (n = 152), mothers of children with ASC (BAP mothers group; n = 103), and a control mothers group (n = 74). All participants completed the SPQ as a self-report measure of sensory processing and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) as a measure of the degree of autism traits. RESULTS: The female ASC group reported significantly more hypersensitivity, but not more hyposensitivity, compared to the control female and BAP mothers groups. The BAP mothers group did not differ from the control mothers group in either reported hypersensitivity (p = .365) or hyposensitivity (p = .075), suggesting atypical sensory sensitivity is not a BAP trait within females. SPQ-RS hypersensitivity scores positively correlated with autistic traits in the female ASC (r = .266) and BAP mothers groups (r = .350). CONCLUSIONS: The present findings revealed greater sensory hypersensitivity, but not hyposensitivity, in females with ASC compared to BAP and control female groups, and that a greater degree of autism traits relates to higher hypersensitivity in ASC females. The results offer support for the enhanced perceptual functioning model using large samples of females, who are an understudied population, and demonstrate the validity of the SPQ-RS as a valuable new research tool for exploring self-reported hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0289-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 18 p.[article] Revised scored Sensory Perception Quotient reveals sensory hypersensitivity in women with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emily TAYLOR, Auteur ; Rosemary HOLT, Auteur ; Teresa TAVASSOLI, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 18 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 18 p.
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions Broader autism phenotype Hypersensitivity Sensory Sensory Perception Quotient females Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Previous research using the Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ) has reported greater sensory hypersensitivity in people with autism spectrum condition (ASC) compared to controls, consistent with other research. However, current scoring of the SPQ does not differentiate between hyper and hyposensitivity, making it uncertain whether individuals with ASC might also show differences in hyposensitivity. Furthermore, no research to date has focused on sensory differences in females, and whether differences in sensory sensitivity extend to the broader autism phenotype (BAP). The present study aimed to fill these gaps. METHODS: The present study developed and validated a Revised Scoring of the Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ-RS) in order to investigate self-reported hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity in three groups of adults: a female ASC group (n = 152), mothers of children with ASC (BAP mothers group; n = 103), and a control mothers group (n = 74). All participants completed the SPQ as a self-report measure of sensory processing and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) as a measure of the degree of autism traits. RESULTS: The female ASC group reported significantly more hypersensitivity, but not more hyposensitivity, compared to the control female and BAP mothers groups. The BAP mothers group did not differ from the control mothers group in either reported hypersensitivity (p = .365) or hyposensitivity (p = .075), suggesting atypical sensory sensitivity is not a BAP trait within females. SPQ-RS hypersensitivity scores positively correlated with autistic traits in the female ASC (r = .266) and BAP mothers groups (r = .350). CONCLUSIONS: The present findings revealed greater sensory hypersensitivity, but not hyposensitivity, in females with ASC compared to BAP and control female groups, and that a greater degree of autism traits relates to higher hypersensitivity in ASC females. The results offer support for the enhanced perceptual functioning model using large samples of females, who are an understudied population, and demonstrate the validity of the SPQ-RS as a valuable new research tool for exploring self-reported hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0289-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427 Rigor in science and science reporting: updated guidelines for submissions to Molecular Autism / Joseph D. BUXBAUM in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)
[article]
Titre : Rigor in science and science reporting: updated guidelines for submissions to Molecular Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joseph D. BUXBAUM, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Catalina BETANCUR, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; J. N. CRAWLEY, Auteur ; R. A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur ; P. R. HOF, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; M. V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; C. M. SCHUMANN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 6 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0249-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389
in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 6 p.[article] Rigor in science and science reporting: updated guidelines for submissions to Molecular Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joseph D. BUXBAUM, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Catalina BETANCUR, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; J. N. CRAWLEY, Auteur ; R. A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur ; P. R. HOF, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; M. V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; C. M. SCHUMANN, Auteur . - 6 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 6 p.
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0249-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389 Syllogistic reasoning reveals reduced bias in people with higher autistic-like traits from the general population / M. LEWTON in Autism, 23-5 (July 2019)
PermalinkThe Dual Process Theory of Autism / Chris ASHWIN
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