Dépouillements

A Systematic Literature Review of Emotion Regulation Measurement in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder / Jonathan A. WEISS in Autism Research, 7-6 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.629-648 Titre : A Systematic Literature Review of Emotion Regulation Measurement in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jonathan A. WEISS, Auteur ; Kendra THOMSON, Auteur ; Lisa CHAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.629-648 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  emotion regulation  literature review  measurement  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Emotion regulation (ER) difficulties are a potential common factor underlying the presentation of multiple emotional and behavioral problems in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). To provide an overview of how ER has been studied in individuals with ASD, we conducted a systematic review of the past 20 years of ER research in the ASD population, using established keywords from the most comprehensive ER literature review of the typically developing population to date. Out of an initial sampling of 305 studies, 32 were eligible for review. We examined the types of methods (self-report, informant report, naturalistic observation/ behavior coding, physiological, and open-ended) and the ER constructs based on Gross and Thompson's modal model (situation selection, situation modification, attention deployment, cognitive change, and response modulation). Studies most often assessed ER using one type of method and from a unidimensional perspective. Across the 32 studies, we documented the types of measures used and found that 38% of studies used self-report, 44% included an informant report measure, 31% included at least one naturalistic observation/behavior coding measure, 13% included at least one physiological measure, and 13% included at least one open-ended measure. Only 25% of studies used more than one method of measurement. The findings of the current review provide the field with an in-depth analysis of various ER measures and how each measure taps into an ER framework. Future research can use this model to examine ER in a multicomponent way and through multiple methods. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1426 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2565 [article] A Systematic Literature Review of Emotion Regulation Measurement in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jonathan A. WEISS, Auteur ; Kendra THOMSON, Auteur ; Lisa CHAN, Auteur . - p.629-648. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.629-648 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  emotion regulation  literature review  measurement  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Emotion regulation (ER) difficulties are a potential common factor underlying the presentation of multiple emotional and behavioral problems in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). To provide an overview of how ER has been studied in individuals with ASD, we conducted a systematic review of the past 20 years of ER research in the ASD population, using established keywords from the most comprehensive ER literature review of the typically developing population to date. Out of an initial sampling of 305 studies, 32 were eligible for review. We examined the types of methods (self-report, informant report, naturalistic observation/ behavior coding, physiological, and open-ended) and the ER constructs based on Gross and Thompson's modal model (situation selection, situation modification, attention deployment, cognitive change, and response modulation). Studies most often assessed ER using one type of method and from a unidimensional perspective. Across the 32 studies, we documented the types of measures used and found that 38% of studies used self-report, 44% included an informant report measure, 31% included at least one naturalistic observation/behavior coding measure, 13% included at least one physiological measure, and 13% included at least one open-ended measure. Only 25% of studies used more than one method of measurement. The findings of the current review provide the field with an in-depth analysis of various ER measures and how each measure taps into an ER framework. Future research can use this model to examine ER in a multicomponent way and through multiple methods. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1426 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2565

Predicting Health Utilities for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders / Nalin PAYAKACHAT in Autism Research, 7-6 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.649-663 Titre : Predicting Health Utilities for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nalin PAYAKACHAT, Auteur ; J. Mick TILFORD, Auteur ; Karen A. KUHLTHAU, Auteur ; N. Job VAN EXEL, Auteur ; Erica KOVACS, Auteur ; Jayne BELLANDO, Auteur ; Jeffrey M. PYNE, Auteur ; Werner B. F. BROUWER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.649-663 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : mapping  predictive algorithms  equating measure  autism  health utilities  clinical measure  behavioral measure  quality of life measure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Comparative effectiveness of interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) that incorporates costs is lacking due to the scarcity of information on health utility scores or preference-weighted outcomes typically used for calculating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). This study created algorithms for mapping clinical and behavioral measures for children with ASDs to health utility scores. The algorithms could be useful for estimating the value of different interventions and treatments used in the care of children with ASDs. Participants were recruited from two Autism Treatment Network sites. Health utility data based on the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) for the child were obtained from the primary caregiver (proxy-reported) through a survey (N?=?224). During the initial clinic visit, proxy-reported measures of the Child Behavior Checklist, Vineland II Adaptive Behavior Scales, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (start measures) were obtained and then merged with the survey data. Nine mapping algorithms were developed using the HUI3 scores as dependent variables in ordinary least squares regressions along with the start measures, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, to measure severity, child age, and cognitive ability as independent predictors. In-sample cross-validation was conducted to evaluate predictive accuracy. Multiple imputation techniques were used for missing data. The average age for children with ASDs in this study was 8.4 (standard deviation?=?3.5) years. Almost half of the children (47%) had cognitive impairment (IQ???70). Total scores for all of the outcome measures were significantly associated with the HUI3 score. The algorithms can be applied to clinical studies containing start measures of children with ASDs to predict QALYs gained from interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1409 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2565 [article] Predicting Health Utilities for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nalin PAYAKACHAT, Auteur ; J. Mick TILFORD, Auteur ; Karen A. KUHLTHAU, Auteur ; N. Job VAN EXEL, Auteur ; Erica KOVACS, Auteur ; Jayne BELLANDO, Auteur ; Jeffrey M. PYNE, Auteur ; Werner B. F. BROUWER, Auteur . - p.649-663. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.649-663 Mots-clés : mapping  predictive algorithms  equating measure  autism  health utilities  clinical measure  behavioral measure  quality of life measure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Comparative effectiveness of interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) that incorporates costs is lacking due to the scarcity of information on health utility scores or preference-weighted outcomes typically used for calculating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). This study created algorithms for mapping clinical and behavioral measures for children with ASDs to health utility scores. The algorithms could be useful for estimating the value of different interventions and treatments used in the care of children with ASDs. Participants were recruited from two Autism Treatment Network sites. Health utility data based on the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) for the child were obtained from the primary caregiver (proxy-reported) through a survey (N?=?224). During the initial clinic visit, proxy-reported measures of the Child Behavior Checklist, Vineland II Adaptive Behavior Scales, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (start measures) were obtained and then merged with the survey data. Nine mapping algorithms were developed using the HUI3 scores as dependent variables in ordinary least squares regressions along with the start measures, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, to measure severity, child age, and cognitive ability as independent predictors. In-sample cross-validation was conducted to evaluate predictive accuracy. Multiple imputation techniques were used for missing data. The average age for children with ASDs in this study was 8.4 (standard deviation?=?3.5) years. Almost half of the children (47%) had cognitive impairment (IQ???70). Total scores for all of the outcome measures were significantly associated with the HUI3 score. The algorithms can be applied to clinical studies containing start measures of children with ASDs to predict QALYs gained from interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1409 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2565

Motor Deficits in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Syndrome Study / Martin MCPHILLIPS in Autism Research, 7-6 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.664-676 Titre : Motor Deficits in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Syndrome Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Martin MCPHILLIPS, Auteur ; Jennifer FINLAY, Auteur ; Susanne BEJEROT, Auteur ; Mary HANLEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.664-676 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  specific language impairment  motor deficit  cross-syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent research suggests that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience some level of motor difficulty, and that this may be associated with social communication skills. However, other studies show that children with language impairments, but without the social communication problems, are at risk of motor difficulties as well. The aim of the present study was to determine if children with ASD have syndrome-specific motor deficits in comparison to children with specific language impairment (SLI). We used an independent groups design with three groups of children (8–10 years old) matched on age and nonverbal IQ: an ASD group, an SLI group, and a typically developing (TD) group. All of the children completed an individually administered, standardized motor assessment battery. We found that the TD group demonstrated significantly better motor skills than either the ASD or SLI groups. Detailed analyses of the motor subtests revealed that the ASD and SLI groups had very similar motor profiles across a range of fine and gross motor skills, with one exception. We conclude that children with ASD, and SLI, are at risk of clinically significant motor deficits. However, future behavioral and neurological studies of motor skills in children with ASD should include an SLI comparison group in order to identify possible autism-specific deficits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1408 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2565 [article] Motor Deficits in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Syndrome Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Martin MCPHILLIPS, Auteur ; Jennifer FINLAY, Auteur ; Susanne BEJEROT, Auteur ; Mary HANLEY, Auteur . - p.664-676. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.664-676 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  specific language impairment  motor deficit  cross-syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent research suggests that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience some level of motor difficulty, and that this may be associated with social communication skills. However, other studies show that children with language impairments, but without the social communication problems, are at risk of motor difficulties as well. The aim of the present study was to determine if children with ASD have syndrome-specific motor deficits in comparison to children with specific language impairment (SLI). We used an independent groups design with three groups of children (8–10 years old) matched on age and nonverbal IQ: an ASD group, an SLI group, and a typically developing (TD) group. All of the children completed an individually administered, standardized motor assessment battery. We found that the TD group demonstrated significantly better motor skills than either the ASD or SLI groups. Detailed analyses of the motor subtests revealed that the ASD and SLI groups had very similar motor profiles across a range of fine and gross motor skills, with one exception. We conclude that children with ASD, and SLI, are at risk of clinically significant motor deficits. However, future behavioral and neurological studies of motor skills in children with ASD should include an SLI comparison group in order to identify possible autism-specific deficits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1408 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2565

Abstract Analogical Reasoning in High-Functioning Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Adam E. GREEN in Autism Research, 7-6 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.677-686 Titre : Abstract Analogical Reasoning in High-Functioning Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Adam E. GREEN, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Maya G. MOSNER, Auteur ; Natalie M. GALLAGHER, Auteur ; Edward W. FEARON, Auteur ; Carlos D. BALHANA, Auteur ; Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.677-686 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  analogical reasoning  development  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exhibit a deficit in spontaneously recognizing abstract similarities that are crucial for generalizing learning to new situations. This may contribute to deficits in the development of appropriate schemas for navigating novel situations, including social interactions. Analogical reasoning is the central cognitive mechanism that enables typically developing children to understand abstract similarities between different situations. Intriguingly, studies of high-functioning children with ASD point to a relative cognitive strength in basic, nonabstract forms of analogical reasoning. If this analogical reasoning ability extends to abstract analogical reasoning (i.e., between superficially dissimilar situations), it may provide a bridge between a cognitive capability and core ASD deficits in areas such as generalization and categorization. This study tested whether preserved analogical reasoning abilities in ASD can be extended to abstract analogical reasoning, using photographs of real-world items and situations. Abstractness of the analogies was determined via a quantitative measure of semantic distance derived from latent semantic analysis. Children with ASD performed as well as typically developing children at identifying abstract analogical similarities when explicitly instructed to apply analogical reasoning. Individual differences in abstract analogical reasoning ability predicted individual differences in a measure of social function in the ASD group. Preliminary analyses indicated that children with ASD, but not typically developing children, showed an effect of age on abstract analogical reasoning. These results provide new evidence that children with ASD are capable of identifying abstract similarities through analogical reasoning, pointing to abstract analogical reasoning as a potential lever for improving generalization skills and social function in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1411 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2565 [article] Abstract Analogical Reasoning in High-Functioning Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Adam E. GREEN, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Maya G. MOSNER, Auteur ; Natalie M. GALLAGHER, Auteur ; Edward W. FEARON, Auteur ; Carlos D. BALHANA, Auteur ; Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur . - p.677-686. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.677-686 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  analogical reasoning  development  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exhibit a deficit in spontaneously recognizing abstract similarities that are crucial for generalizing learning to new situations. This may contribute to deficits in the development of appropriate schemas for navigating novel situations, including social interactions. Analogical reasoning is the central cognitive mechanism that enables typically developing children to understand abstract similarities between different situations. Intriguingly, studies of high-functioning children with ASD point to a relative cognitive strength in basic, nonabstract forms of analogical reasoning. If this analogical reasoning ability extends to abstract analogical reasoning (i.e., between superficially dissimilar situations), it may provide a bridge between a cognitive capability and core ASD deficits in areas such as generalization and categorization. This study tested whether preserved analogical reasoning abilities in ASD can be extended to abstract analogical reasoning, using photographs of real-world items and situations. Abstractness of the analogies was determined via a quantitative measure of semantic distance derived from latent semantic analysis. Children with ASD performed as well as typically developing children at identifying abstract analogical similarities when explicitly instructed to apply analogical reasoning. Individual differences in abstract analogical reasoning ability predicted individual differences in a measure of social function in the ASD group. Preliminary analyses indicated that children with ASD, but not typically developing children, showed an effect of age on abstract analogical reasoning. These results provide new evidence that children with ASD are capable of identifying abstract similarities through analogical reasoning, pointing to abstract analogical reasoning as a potential lever for improving generalization skills and social function in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1411 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2565

Severity of Autism is Related to Children's Language Processing / Edith L. BAVIN in Autism Research, 7-6 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.687-694 Titre : Severity of Autism is Related to Children's Language Processing Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Edith L. BAVIN, Auteur ; Evan KIDD, Auteur ; Luke A. PRENDERGAST, Auteur ; Emma K. BAKER, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur ; Margot PRIOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.687-694 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : lexical processing  severity of ASD  eye tracking  children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Problems in language processing have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with some research attributing the problems to overall language skills rather than a diagnosis of ASD. Lexical access was assessed in a looking-while-listening task in three groups of 5- to 7-year-old children; two had high-functioning ASD (HFA), an ASD severe (ASD-S) group (n?=?16) and an ASD moderate (ASD-M) group (n?=?21). The third group were typically developing (TD) (n?=?48). Participants heard sentences of the form “Where's the x?” and their eye movements to targets (e.g., train), phonological competitors (e.g., tree), and distractors were recorded. Proportions of looking time at target were analyzed within 200?ms intervals. Significant group differences were found between the ASD-S and TD groups only, at time intervals 1000–1200 and 1200–1400?ms postonset. The TD group was more likely to be fixated on target. These differences were maintained after adjusting for language, verbal and nonverbal IQ, and attention scores. An analysis using parent report of autistic-like behaviors showed higher scores to be associated with lower proportions of looking time at target, regardless of group. Further analysis showed fixation for the TD group to be significantly faster than for the ASD-S. In addition, incremental processing was found for all groups. The study findings suggest that severity of autistic behaviors will impact significantly on children's language processing in real life situations when exposed to syntactically complex material. They also show the value of using online methods for understanding how young children with ASD process language. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1410 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2565 [article] Severity of Autism is Related to Children's Language Processing [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Edith L. BAVIN, Auteur ; Evan KIDD, Auteur ; Luke A. PRENDERGAST, Auteur ; Emma K. BAKER, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur ; Margot PRIOR, Auteur . - p.687-694. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.687-694 Mots-clés : lexical processing  severity of ASD  eye tracking  children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Problems in language processing have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with some research attributing the problems to overall language skills rather than a diagnosis of ASD. Lexical access was assessed in a looking-while-listening task in three groups of 5- to 7-year-old children; two had high-functioning ASD (HFA), an ASD severe (ASD-S) group (n?=?16) and an ASD moderate (ASD-M) group (n?=?21). The third group were typically developing (TD) (n?=?48). Participants heard sentences of the form “Where's the x?” and their eye movements to targets (e.g., train), phonological competitors (e.g., tree), and distractors were recorded. Proportions of looking time at target were analyzed within 200?ms intervals. Significant group differences were found between the ASD-S and TD groups only, at time intervals 1000–1200 and 1200–1400?ms postonset. The TD group was more likely to be fixated on target. These differences were maintained after adjusting for language, verbal and nonverbal IQ, and attention scores. An analysis using parent report of autistic-like behaviors showed higher scores to be associated with lower proportions of looking time at target, regardless of group. Further analysis showed fixation for the TD group to be significantly faster than for the ASD-S. In addition, incremental processing was found for all groups. The study findings suggest that severity of autistic behaviors will impact significantly on children's language processing in real life situations when exposed to syntactically complex material. They also show the value of using online methods for understanding how young children with ASD process language. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1410 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2565

Physiological Responses to Social and Nonsocial Stimuli in Neurotypical Adults With High and Low Levels of Autistic Traits: Implications for Understanding Nonsocial Drive in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Clarence J. SINGLETON in Autism Research, 7-6 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.695-703 Titre : Physiological Responses to Social and Nonsocial Stimuli in Neurotypical Adults With High and Low Levels of Autistic Traits: Implications for Understanding Nonsocial Drive in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Clarence J. SINGLETON, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.695-703 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : AQ  Autism Spectrum Disorder  non-social psychophysiology  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Researchers have suggested that the two primary cognitive features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a drive toward nonsocial processing and a reduced drive toward social processing, may be unrelated to each other in the neurotypical (NT) population and may therefore require separate explanations. Drive toward types of processing may be related to physiological arousal to categories of stimuli, such as social (e.g., faces) or nonsocial (e.g., trains). This study investigated how autistic traits in an NT population might relate to differences in physiological responses to nonsocial compared with social stimuli. NT participants were recruited to examine these differences in those with high vs. low degrees of ASD traits. Forty-six participants (21 male, 25 female) completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) to measure ASD traits before viewing a series of 24 images while skin conductance response (SCR) was recorded. Images included six nonsocial, six social, six face-like cartoons, and six nonsocial (relating to participants' personal interests). Analysis revealed that those with a higher AQ had significantly greater SCR arousal to nonsocial stimuli than those with a low AQ, and the higher the AQ, the greater the difference between SCR arousal to nonsocial and social stimuli. This is the first study to identify the relationship between AQ and physiological response to nonsocial stimuli, and a relationship between physiological response to both social and nonsocial stimuli, suggesting that physiological response may underlie the atypical drive toward nonsocial processing seen in ASD, and that at the physiological level at least the social and nonsocial in ASD may be related to one another. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1422 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2565 [article] Physiological Responses to Social and Nonsocial Stimuli in Neurotypical Adults With High and Low Levels of Autistic Traits: Implications for Understanding Nonsocial Drive in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Clarence J. SINGLETON, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur . - p.695-703. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.695-703 Mots-clés : AQ  Autism Spectrum Disorder  non-social psychophysiology  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Researchers have suggested that the two primary cognitive features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a drive toward nonsocial processing and a reduced drive toward social processing, may be unrelated to each other in the neurotypical (NT) population and may therefore require separate explanations. Drive toward types of processing may be related to physiological arousal to categories of stimuli, such as social (e.g., faces) or nonsocial (e.g., trains). This study investigated how autistic traits in an NT population might relate to differences in physiological responses to nonsocial compared with social stimuli. NT participants were recruited to examine these differences in those with high vs. low degrees of ASD traits. Forty-six participants (21 male, 25 female) completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) to measure ASD traits before viewing a series of 24 images while skin conductance response (SCR) was recorded. Images included six nonsocial, six social, six face-like cartoons, and six nonsocial (relating to participants' personal interests). Analysis revealed that those with a higher AQ had significantly greater SCR arousal to nonsocial stimuli than those with a low AQ, and the higher the AQ, the greater the difference between SCR arousal to nonsocial and social stimuli. This is the first study to identify the relationship between AQ and physiological response to nonsocial stimuli, and a relationship between physiological response to both social and nonsocial stimuli, suggesting that physiological response may underlie the atypical drive toward nonsocial processing seen in ASD, and that at the physiological level at least the social and nonsocial in ASD may be related to one another. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1422 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2565

Autism Research Funding Allocation: Can Economics Tell Us If We Have Got It Right? / Jennifer D. ZWICKER in Autism Research, 7-6 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.704-711 Titre : Autism Research Funding Allocation: Can Economics Tell Us If We Have Got It Right? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jennifer D. ZWICKER, Auteur ; J. C. Herbert EMERY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.704-711 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  research funding  economic evaluation  funding allocation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a concern that the allocation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research funding may be misallocating resources, overemphasizing basic science at the expense of translational and clinical research. Anthony Bailey has proposed that an economic evaluation of autism research funding allocations could be beneficial for funding agencies by identifying under- or overfunded areas of research. In response to Bailey, we illustrate why economics cannot provide an objective, technical solution for identifying the “best” allocation of research resources. Economic evaluation has its greatest power as a late-stage research tool for interventions with identified objectives, outcomes, and data. This is not the case for evaluating whether research areas are over- or underfunded. Without an understanding of how research funding influences the likelihood and value of a discovery, or without a statement of the societal objectives for ASD research and level of risk aversion, economic analysis cannot provide a useful normative evaluation of ASD research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1423 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2566 [article] Autism Research Funding Allocation: Can Economics Tell Us If We Have Got It Right? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jennifer D. ZWICKER, Auteur ; J. C. Herbert EMERY, Auteur . - p.704-711. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.704-711 Mots-clés : autism  research funding  economic evaluation  funding allocation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a concern that the allocation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research funding may be misallocating resources, overemphasizing basic science at the expense of translational and clinical research. Anthony Bailey has proposed that an economic evaluation of autism research funding allocations could be beneficial for funding agencies by identifying under- or overfunded areas of research. In response to Bailey, we illustrate why economics cannot provide an objective, technical solution for identifying the “best” allocation of research resources. Economic evaluation has its greatest power as a late-stage research tool for interventions with identified objectives, outcomes, and data. This is not the case for evaluating whether research areas are over- or underfunded. Without an understanding of how research funding influences the likelihood and value of a discovery, or without a statement of the societal objectives for ASD research and level of risk aversion, economic analysis cannot provide a useful normative evaluation of ASD research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1423 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2566

Being Aware of Own Performance: How Accurately Do Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Judge Own Memory Performance? / Mette ELMOSE in Autism Research, 7-6 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.712-719 Titre : Being Aware of Own Performance: How Accurately Do Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Judge Own Memory Performance? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mette ELMOSE, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.712-719 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  self-awareness  meta-memory  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Self-awareness was investigated by assessing accuracy of judging own memory performance in a group of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with a group of typically developing (TD) children. Effects of stimulus type (social vs. nonsocial), and availability of feedback information as the task progressed, were examined. Results overall showed comparable levels and patterns of accuracy in the ASD and TD groups. A trend level effect (p = 061, d?=?0.60) was found, with ASD participants being more accurate in judging own memory for nonsocial than social stimuli and the opposite pattern for TD participants. These findings suggest that awareness of own memory can be good in children with ASD. It is discussed how this finding may be interpreted, and it is suggested that further investigation into the relation between content, frequency, and quality of self-awareness, and the context of self-awareness, is needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1421 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2566 [article] Being Aware of Own Performance: How Accurately Do Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Judge Own Memory Performance? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mette ELMOSE, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - p.712-719. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.712-719 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  self-awareness  meta-memory  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Self-awareness was investigated by assessing accuracy of judging own memory performance in a group of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with a group of typically developing (TD) children. Effects of stimulus type (social vs. nonsocial), and availability of feedback information as the task progressed, were examined. Results overall showed comparable levels and patterns of accuracy in the ASD and TD groups. A trend level effect (p = 061, d?=?0.60) was found, with ASD participants being more accurate in judging own memory for nonsocial than social stimuli and the opposite pattern for TD participants. These findings suggest that awareness of own memory can be good in children with ASD. It is discussed how this finding may be interpreted, and it is suggested that further investigation into the relation between content, frequency, and quality of self-awareness, and the context of self-awareness, is needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1421 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2566

Verbal Problem-Solving Difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Atypical Language Development / Ben ALDERSON-DAY in Autism Research, 7-6 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.720-730 Titre : Verbal Problem-Solving Difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Atypical Language Development Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ben ALDERSON-DAY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.720-730 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : developmental psychology  language development  executive function  problem solving  inner speech Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) adopt less efficient strategies than typically developing (TD) peers on the Twenty Questions Task (TQT), a measure of verbal problem-solving skills. Although problems with the TQT are typically associated with executive dysfunction, they have also been reported in children who are deaf, suggesting a role for atypical language development. To test the contribution of language history to ASD problem solving, TQT performance was compared in children with high-functioning autism (HFA), children with Asperger syndrome (AS) and TD children. The HFA group used significantly less efficient strategies than both AS and TD children. No group differences were evident on tests of question understanding, planning or verbal fluency. Potential explanations for differences in verbal problem-solving skill are discussed with reference to the development of inner speech and use of visual strategies in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1424 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2566 [article] Verbal Problem-Solving Difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Atypical Language Development [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ben ALDERSON-DAY, Auteur . - p.720-730. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.720-730 Mots-clés : developmental psychology  language development  executive function  problem solving  inner speech Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) adopt less efficient strategies than typically developing (TD) peers on the Twenty Questions Task (TQT), a measure of verbal problem-solving skills. Although problems with the TQT are typically associated with executive dysfunction, they have also been reported in children who are deaf, suggesting a role for atypical language development. To test the contribution of language history to ASD problem solving, TQT performance was compared in children with high-functioning autism (HFA), children with Asperger syndrome (AS) and TD children. The HFA group used significantly less efficient strategies than both AS and TD children. No group differences were evident on tests of question understanding, planning or verbal fluency. Potential explanations for differences in verbal problem-solving skill are discussed with reference to the development of inner speech and use of visual strategies in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1424 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2566

When Father Doesn't Know Best: Selective Disagreement Between Self-Report and Informant Report of the Broad Autism Phenotype in Parents of a Child with Autism / Noah J. SASSON in Autism Research, 7-6 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.731-739 Titre : When Father Doesn't Know Best: Selective Disagreement Between Self-Report and Informant Report of the Broad Autism Phenotype in Parents of a Child with Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; Morgan PARLIER, Auteur ; Julie L. DANIELS, Auteur ; Joseph PIVEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.731-739 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : clinical psychiatry  clinical psychology  social cognition  personality assessment  personality traits  informant reports  broad autism phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) is a reliable tool for identifying three autism-related traits—social aloofness, pragmatic language abnormalities and rigid personality—within families of a person with autism and the general population. Although little is known concerning agreement between self-report and informant report versions of the BAPQ, identifying individual characteristics affecting agreement between the two can highlight important considerations for maximizing its yield, particularly when only one version is administered. Here, analysis of self-report and informant report of the BAPQ completed by 444 parents of a child with autism revealed moderate to strong agreement between the two versions for all three broad autism phenotype (BAP) traits when the self-reporting parent did not possess the trait being assessed. In contrast, disagreement selectively occurred when the assessed parent was positive for the BAP trait being rated. This pattern was driven primarily by fathers who were positive for a BAP trait endorsing lower levels of that trait relative to informant report. This discrepancy did not occur for mothers, nor did it occur for fathers lacking BAP traits. Because this pattern was specific to fathers positive for BAP traits, it likely reflects selective “blind spots” in their self-reporting and not poorer self-reporting by fathers more broadly, nor a general tendency of overreporting by informant mothers. The presence of BAP traits in informing parents, however, largely did not reduce agreement between self-report and informant report. In sum, self-report may underestimate the presence of BAP traits in fathers but is generally consistent with informant report for mothers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1425 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2566 [article] When Father Doesn't Know Best: Selective Disagreement Between Self-Report and Informant Report of the Broad Autism Phenotype in Parents of a Child with Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; Morgan PARLIER, Auteur ; Julie L. DANIELS, Auteur ; Joseph PIVEN, Auteur . - p.731-739. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.731-739 Mots-clés : clinical psychiatry  clinical psychology  social cognition  personality assessment  personality traits  informant reports  broad autism phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) is a reliable tool for identifying three autism-related traits—social aloofness, pragmatic language abnormalities and rigid personality—within families of a person with autism and the general population. Although little is known concerning agreement between self-report and informant report versions of the BAPQ, identifying individual characteristics affecting agreement between the two can highlight important considerations for maximizing its yield, particularly when only one version is administered. Here, analysis of self-report and informant report of the BAPQ completed by 444 parents of a child with autism revealed moderate to strong agreement between the two versions for all three broad autism phenotype (BAP) traits when the self-reporting parent did not possess the trait being assessed. In contrast, disagreement selectively occurred when the assessed parent was positive for the BAP trait being rated. This pattern was driven primarily by fathers who were positive for a BAP trait endorsing lower levels of that trait relative to informant report. This discrepancy did not occur for mothers, nor did it occur for fathers lacking BAP traits. Because this pattern was specific to fathers positive for BAP traits, it likely reflects selective “blind spots” in their self-reporting and not poorer self-reporting by fathers more broadly, nor a general tendency of overreporting by informant mothers. The presence of BAP traits in informing parents, however, largely did not reduce agreement between self-report and informant report. In sum, self-report may underestimate the presence of BAP traits in fathers but is generally consistent with informant report for mothers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1425 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2566

Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD in Autism Research, 7-6 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.740-743 Titre : Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.740-743 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1458 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2566 [article] Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.740-743. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.740-743 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1458 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2566

International Society for Autism Research News in Autism Research, 7-6 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.744-744 Titre : International Society for Autism Research News Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.744-744 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1459 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2566 [article] International Society for Autism Research News [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.744-744. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.744-744 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1459 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2566