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Parent-reported patterns of loss and gain in communication in 1- to 2-year-old children are not unique to autism spectrum disorder / Amanda BRIGNELL in Autism, 21-3 (April 2017)
[article]
Titre : Parent-reported patterns of loss and gain in communication in 1- to 2-year-old children are not unique to autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Amanda BRIGNELL, Auteur ; Katrina WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Margot PRIOR, Auteur ; Susan DONATH, Auteur ; Sheena REILLY, Auteur ; Edith L. BAVIN, Auteur ; Patricia EADIE, Auteur ; Angela T. MORGAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.344-356 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/ psychology Child, Preschool Female Humans Infant Language Development Male Parents/ psychology Vocabulary autism spectrum disorder communication language regression skill loss trajectory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We compared loss and gain in communication from 1 to 2?years in children later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (n=41), language impairment (n=110) and in children with typical language development at 7?years (n=831). Participants were selected from a prospective population cohort study of child language (the Early Language in Victoria Study). Parent-completed communication tools were used. As a group, children with autism spectrum disorder demonstrated slower median skill gain, with an increasing gap between trajectories compared to children with typical development and language impairment. A proportion from all groups lost skills in at least one domain (autism spectrum disorder (41%), language impairment (30%), typical development (26%)), with more children with autism spectrum disorder losing skills in more than one domain (autism spectrum disorder (47%), language impairment (15%, p=0.0003), typical development (16%, p?0.001)). Loss was most common for all groups in the domain of 'emotion and eye gaze' but with a higher proportion for children with autism spectrum disorder (27%; language impairment (12%, p=0.03), typical development (14%, p=0.03)). A higher proportion of children with autism spectrum disorder also lost skills in gesture (p=0.01), sounds (p=0.009) and understanding (p=0.004) compared to children with typical development but not with language impairment. These findings add to our understanding of early communication development and highlight that loss is not unique to autism spectrum disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316644729 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475
in Autism > 21-3 (April 2017) . - p.344-356[article] Parent-reported patterns of loss and gain in communication in 1- to 2-year-old children are not unique to autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Amanda BRIGNELL, Auteur ; Katrina WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Margot PRIOR, Auteur ; Susan DONATH, Auteur ; Sheena REILLY, Auteur ; Edith L. BAVIN, Auteur ; Patricia EADIE, Auteur ; Angela T. MORGAN, Auteur . - p.344-356.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 21-3 (April 2017) . - p.344-356
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/ psychology Child, Preschool Female Humans Infant Language Development Male Parents/ psychology Vocabulary autism spectrum disorder communication language regression skill loss trajectory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We compared loss and gain in communication from 1 to 2?years in children later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (n=41), language impairment (n=110) and in children with typical language development at 7?years (n=831). Participants were selected from a prospective population cohort study of child language (the Early Language in Victoria Study). Parent-completed communication tools were used. As a group, children with autism spectrum disorder demonstrated slower median skill gain, with an increasing gap between trajectories compared to children with typical development and language impairment. A proportion from all groups lost skills in at least one domain (autism spectrum disorder (41%), language impairment (30%), typical development (26%)), with more children with autism spectrum disorder losing skills in more than one domain (autism spectrum disorder (47%), language impairment (15%, p=0.0003), typical development (16%, p?0.001)). Loss was most common for all groups in the domain of 'emotion and eye gaze' but with a higher proportion for children with autism spectrum disorder (27%; language impairment (12%, p=0.03), typical development (14%, p=0.03)). A higher proportion of children with autism spectrum disorder also lost skills in gesture (p=0.01), sounds (p=0.009) and understanding (p=0.004) compared to children with typical development but not with language impairment. These findings add to our understanding of early communication development and highlight that loss is not unique to autism spectrum disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316644729 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475 Personality traits, autobiographical memory and knowledge of self and others: A comparative study in young people with autism spectrum disorder / Sally ROBINSON in Autism, 21-3 (April 2017)
[article]
Titre : Personality traits, autobiographical memory and knowledge of self and others: A comparative study in young people with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sally ROBINSON, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.357-367 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent Autism Spectrum Disorder/ psychology Case-Control Studies Child Female Humans Male Memory, Episodic Personality Psychological Tests Self Concept Asperger cognitive behavioural therapy externalising mental states self-concept theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The relationship between dissociable components of autobiographical memory (e.g. semantic personality traits and episodic memory retrieval) and other cognitive skills that are proposed to enable one to develop a sense of self (e.g. introspection) have not previously been explored for children with autism spectrum disorder. This study compared autobiographical memory (semantic and episodic) and knowledge of self (internal/external self-knowledge and introspection/mentalising abilities) in children (aged 11-18?years) with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and typically developing controls (total N=48). Novel and standard tasks were employed. Compared to typically developing controls, young people with autism spectrum disorder had autobiographical memory difficulties that were characterised by a reduction in the retrieval of semantic personality traits, with more initial prompts required to facilitate episodic memory retrieval and fewer episodic memories containing emotional and sensory information. Knowledge of the self and others was also impaired, with reduced introspection and poorer mentalising abilities. Young people with autism spectrum disorder were also identified as presenting with an atypical relationship between autobiographical memory and self-knowledge, which was significantly different from typically developing controls. Test performance is discussed in relation to the functions of autobiographical memory, with consideration of how these cognitive difficulties may contribute to clinical practices and the social and behavioural characteristics of autism spectrum disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316645429 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475
in Autism > 21-3 (April 2017) . - p.357-367[article] Personality traits, autobiographical memory and knowledge of self and others: A comparative study in young people with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sally ROBINSON, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur . - p.357-367.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 21-3 (April 2017) . - p.357-367
Mots-clés : Adolescent Autism Spectrum Disorder/ psychology Case-Control Studies Child Female Humans Male Memory, Episodic Personality Psychological Tests Self Concept Asperger cognitive behavioural therapy externalising mental states self-concept theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The relationship between dissociable components of autobiographical memory (e.g. semantic personality traits and episodic memory retrieval) and other cognitive skills that are proposed to enable one to develop a sense of self (e.g. introspection) have not previously been explored for children with autism spectrum disorder. This study compared autobiographical memory (semantic and episodic) and knowledge of self (internal/external self-knowledge and introspection/mentalising abilities) in children (aged 11-18?years) with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and typically developing controls (total N=48). Novel and standard tasks were employed. Compared to typically developing controls, young people with autism spectrum disorder had autobiographical memory difficulties that were characterised by a reduction in the retrieval of semantic personality traits, with more initial prompts required to facilitate episodic memory retrieval and fewer episodic memories containing emotional and sensory information. Knowledge of the self and others was also impaired, with reduced introspection and poorer mentalising abilities. Young people with autism spectrum disorder were also identified as presenting with an atypical relationship between autobiographical memory and self-knowledge, which was significantly different from typically developing controls. Test performance is discussed in relation to the functions of autobiographical memory, with consideration of how these cognitive difficulties may contribute to clinical practices and the social and behavioural characteristics of autism spectrum disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316645429 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475 Cumulative risk effects in the bullying of children and young people with autism spectrum conditions / Judith HEBRON in Autism, 21-3 (April 2017)
[article]
Titre : Cumulative risk effects in the bullying of children and young people with autism spectrum conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Judith HEBRON, Auteur ; Jeremy OLDFIELD, Auteur ; Neil HUMPHREY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.291-300 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent Autism Spectrum Disorder/ psychology Bullying Child Child, Preschool Cross-Sectional Studies Humans Risk Factors Schools/statistics & numerical data autism cumulative risk school Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Students with autism are more likely to be bullied than their typically developing peers. However, several studies have shown that their likelihood of being bullied increases in the context of exposure to certain risk factors (e.g. behaviour difficulties and poor peer relationships). This study explores vulnerability to bullying from a cumulative risk perspective, where the number of risks rather than their nature is considered. A total of 722 teachers and 119 parents of young people with autism spectrum conditions participated in the study. Established risk factors were summed to form a cumulative risk score in teacher and parent models. There was evidence of a cumulative risk effect in both models, suggesting that as the number of risks increased, so did exposure to bullying. A quadratic effect was found in the teacher model, indicating that there was a disproportionate increase in the likelihood of being bullied in relation to the number of risk factors to which a young person was exposed. In light of these findings, it is proposed that more attention needs to be given to the number of risks to which children and young people with autism spectrum conditions are exposed when planning interventions and providing a suitable educational environment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316636761 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475
in Autism > 21-3 (April 2017) . - p.291-300[article] Cumulative risk effects in the bullying of children and young people with autism spectrum conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Judith HEBRON, Auteur ; Jeremy OLDFIELD, Auteur ; Neil HUMPHREY, Auteur . - p.291-300.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 21-3 (April 2017) . - p.291-300
Mots-clés : Adolescent Autism Spectrum Disorder/ psychology Bullying Child Child, Preschool Cross-Sectional Studies Humans Risk Factors Schools/statistics & numerical data autism cumulative risk school Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Students with autism are more likely to be bullied than their typically developing peers. However, several studies have shown that their likelihood of being bullied increases in the context of exposure to certain risk factors (e.g. behaviour difficulties and poor peer relationships). This study explores vulnerability to bullying from a cumulative risk perspective, where the number of risks rather than their nature is considered. A total of 722 teachers and 119 parents of young people with autism spectrum conditions participated in the study. Established risk factors were summed to form a cumulative risk score in teacher and parent models. There was evidence of a cumulative risk effect in both models, suggesting that as the number of risks increased, so did exposure to bullying. A quadratic effect was found in the teacher model, indicating that there was a disproportionate increase in the likelihood of being bullied in relation to the number of risk factors to which a young person was exposed. In light of these findings, it is proposed that more attention needs to be given to the number of risks to which children and young people with autism spectrum conditions are exposed when planning interventions and providing a suitable educational environment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316636761 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475