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Diagnostic Disclosure and Social Marginalisation of Adults with ASD: Is There a Relationship and What Mediates It? / Cliodhna O'CONNOR in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-9 (September 2020)
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Titre : Diagnostic Disclosure and Social Marginalisation of Adults with ASD: Is There a Relationship and What Mediates It? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cliodhna O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Judith BURKE, Auteur ; Brendan ROONEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3367-3379 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adults Affective response Autism spectrum disorder Diagnostic disclosure Social distance Stigma Theory of mind Vignette Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience social marginalisation. This study uses a vignette-based design to clarify whether diagnostic disclosure affects social marginalisation in workplace contexts. It investigates two potential mediators of this relationship: affective response to and theory of mind for people with ASD. Participants (n?=?170) read a description of a hypothetical co-worker with ASD traits, whose diagnosis was either disclosed or concealed. Providing a diagnostic label significantly reduced participants' desire to socially distance themselves from the target. This effect was mediated by positive affective responses. Diagnostic disclosure did not influence theory of mind for people with ASD but did increase tendencies to attribute primary emotions to the target; however, this did not relate to social distance outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04239-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=430
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-9 (September 2020) . - p.3367-3379[article] Diagnostic Disclosure and Social Marginalisation of Adults with ASD: Is There a Relationship and What Mediates It? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cliodhna O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Judith BURKE, Auteur ; Brendan ROONEY, Auteur . - p.3367-3379.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-9 (September 2020) . - p.3367-3379
Mots-clés : Adults Affective response Autism spectrum disorder Diagnostic disclosure Social distance Stigma Theory of mind Vignette Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience social marginalisation. This study uses a vignette-based design to clarify whether diagnostic disclosure affects social marginalisation in workplace contexts. It investigates two potential mediators of this relationship: affective response to and theory of mind for people with ASD. Participants (n?=?170) read a description of a hypothetical co-worker with ASD traits, whose diagnosis was either disclosed or concealed. Providing a diagnostic label significantly reduced participants' desire to socially distance themselves from the target. This effect was mediated by positive affective responses. Diagnostic disclosure did not influence theory of mind for people with ASD but did increase tendencies to attribute primary emotions to the target; however, this did not relate to social distance outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04239-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=430 Autistic adults’ experiences of diagnostic disclosure in the workplace: Decision-making and factors associated with outcomes / Anna Melissa ROMUALDEZ in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments, 6 (January-December 2021)
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Titre : Autistic adults’ experiences of diagnostic disclosure in the workplace: Decision-making and factors associated with outcomes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anna Melissa ROMUALDEZ, Auteur ; Zachary WALKER, Auteur ; Anna REMINGTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : 23969415211022955 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism employment disability discrimination diagnostic disclosure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic individuals often struggle to find and maintain employment. This may be because many workplaces are not suited to autistic individuals’ needs. Among other difficulties, many autistic employees experience distracting or disruptive sensory environments, lack of flexibility in work hours, and unclear communication from colleagues. One possible way of mitigating these difficulties is for employees to disclose their diagnosis at work. While disclosure may increase understanding and acceptance from colleagues, it can also lead to discrimination and stigma in the workplace. Research has shown that disclosure outcomes are often mixed, but it is unclear what factors are associated with either positive or negative outcomes of disclosure for autistic people. This study aimed to identify these factors and explore the reasons why autistic employees choose to disclose or to keep their diagnosis private. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 clinically-diagnosed autistic adults (12 male and 12 female) who were currently, or had been, employed in the UK (mean age?=?45.7?years). Through thematic analysis, we identified three main themes under experiences of disclosure: 1) A preference for keeping my diagnosis private; 2) The importance of disclosure in the workplace; and 3) Disclosure has mixed outcomes. We also identified three factors associated with disclosure outcomes: understanding of autism, adaptations, and organisational culture. These results have implications for improving inclusive practices on both the individual and organisational level to ensure more positive disclosure experiences for autistic employees. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969415211022955 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459
in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments > 6 (January-December 2021) . - 23969415211022955[article] Autistic adults’ experiences of diagnostic disclosure in the workplace: Decision-making and factors associated with outcomes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anna Melissa ROMUALDEZ, Auteur ; Zachary WALKER, Auteur ; Anna REMINGTON, Auteur . - 23969415211022955.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments > 6 (January-December 2021) . - 23969415211022955
Mots-clés : Autism employment disability discrimination diagnostic disclosure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic individuals often struggle to find and maintain employment. This may be because many workplaces are not suited to autistic individuals’ needs. Among other difficulties, many autistic employees experience distracting or disruptive sensory environments, lack of flexibility in work hours, and unclear communication from colleagues. One possible way of mitigating these difficulties is for employees to disclose their diagnosis at work. While disclosure may increase understanding and acceptance from colleagues, it can also lead to discrimination and stigma in the workplace. Research has shown that disclosure outcomes are often mixed, but it is unclear what factors are associated with either positive or negative outcomes of disclosure for autistic people. This study aimed to identify these factors and explore the reasons why autistic employees choose to disclose or to keep their diagnosis private. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 clinically-diagnosed autistic adults (12 male and 12 female) who were currently, or had been, employed in the UK (mean age?=?45.7?years). Through thematic analysis, we identified three main themes under experiences of disclosure: 1) A preference for keeping my diagnosis private; 2) The importance of disclosure in the workplace; and 3) Disclosure has mixed outcomes. We also identified three factors associated with disclosure outcomes: understanding of autism, adaptations, and organisational culture. These results have implications for improving inclusive practices on both the individual and organisational level to ensure more positive disclosure experiences for autistic employees. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969415211022955 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 First impressions of adults with autism improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism knowledge of peers / Noah J. SASSON in Autism, 23-1 (January 2019)
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Titre : First impressions of adults with autism improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism knowledge of peers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; K. E. MORRISON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.50-59 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults autism diagnostic disclosure first impressions social-skills interventions aspergers syndrome functioning autism spectrum disorder college-students young-adults stigma awareness participation adolescents Psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A practical consideration for many intellectually able adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is whether to disclose their diagnostic status or try to mask their autistic characteristics to avoid judgment and discrimination. Here, we assessed first impressions of adults with ASD and typically developing controls (N = 40) made by typically developing observers (N = 215) when their diagnostic status was either withheld, accurately provided, or inaccurately provided. First impressions were less favorable for ASD participants compared to typically developing controls across a range of judgments, but were significantly more positive when accurately labeled as ASD compared to when no label was provided, when mislabeled as typically developing, or when mislabeled as having schizophrenia. For typically developing participants, ratings did not change when accurately labeled but improved when mislabeled as ASD. Greater autistic traits for the ASD and typically developing participants were associated with less favorable first impressions, and females were rated more favorably than males. Autism knowledge of the raters, but not age, IQ, or autistic traits, was positively associated with more favorable impressions of ASD participants. Collectively, these findings suggest that first impressions for intellectually able adults with ASD improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism understanding on the part of peers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317729526 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=379
in Autism > 23-1 (January 2019) . - p.50-59[article] First impressions of adults with autism improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism knowledge of peers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; K. E. MORRISON, Auteur . - p.50-59.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 23-1 (January 2019) . - p.50-59
Mots-clés : adults autism diagnostic disclosure first impressions social-skills interventions aspergers syndrome functioning autism spectrum disorder college-students young-adults stigma awareness participation adolescents Psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A practical consideration for many intellectually able adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is whether to disclose their diagnostic status or try to mask their autistic characteristics to avoid judgment and discrimination. Here, we assessed first impressions of adults with ASD and typically developing controls (N = 40) made by typically developing observers (N = 215) when their diagnostic status was either withheld, accurately provided, or inaccurately provided. First impressions were less favorable for ASD participants compared to typically developing controls across a range of judgments, but were significantly more positive when accurately labeled as ASD compared to when no label was provided, when mislabeled as typically developing, or when mislabeled as having schizophrenia. For typically developing participants, ratings did not change when accurately labeled but improved when mislabeled as ASD. Greater autistic traits for the ASD and typically developing participants were associated with less favorable first impressions, and females were rated more favorably than males. Autism knowledge of the raters, but not age, IQ, or autistic traits, was positively associated with more favorable impressions of ASD participants. Collectively, these findings suggest that first impressions for intellectually able adults with ASD improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism understanding on the part of peers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317729526 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=379 Helpful or harmful? A scoping review of perceptions and outcomes of autism diagnostic disclosure to others / Sandra THOMPSON-HODGETTS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 77 (September 2020)
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Titre : Helpful or harmful? A scoping review of perceptions and outcomes of autism diagnostic disclosure to others Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sandra THOMPSON-HODGETTS, Auteur ; Chantal LABONTE, Auteur ; Rinita MAZUMDER, Auteur ; Shanon PHELAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101598 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Diagnostic disclosure Scoping review Stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Deciding to disclose a diagnosis of autism to others can be a major decision for people with autism and their families. This scoping review summarizes existing literature related to perceptions and outcomes of disclosing an autism diagnosis to others (e.g., teachers, peers, employers). Methods We conducted a scoping review of scientific literature using Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) methodological framework. Relevant English language databases and reference lists were searched using terms related to autism, disclosure, and perspective (e.g., attitude, accept*). Studies that focused on disclosure to the person with autism and/or their parents were excluded. Results A total of 37 articles met inclusion criteria, including 14 that presented the perspective of people with ASD, four that presented the perspective of parents/family members, and 20 that presented the perspective of others. Our findings highlight disconnect in perspectives between others (primarily evaluated through vignettes) and persons with autism (primarily elicited through qualitative interviews). Others perceive that disclosure has positive effects on social acceptance and perceptions of disability for people with autism, especially when explanatory information about autism was provided with the autism label. Adolescents and adults with autism indicated reluctance to disclose their diagnosis due to perceived negative outcomes and stigma. Existing research also reflected an assumption that diagnosis should be disclosed. Conclusions: Professionals and the general public should be aware of their assumptions related to autism and disclosure. More research on the processes and outcomes of diagnostic disclosure in autism, across the lifespan and in real life social contexts, is warranted. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101598 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=432
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101598[article] Helpful or harmful? A scoping review of perceptions and outcomes of autism diagnostic disclosure to others [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sandra THOMPSON-HODGETTS, Auteur ; Chantal LABONTE, Auteur ; Rinita MAZUMDER, Auteur ; Shanon PHELAN, Auteur . - 101598.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101598
Mots-clés : Autism Diagnostic disclosure Scoping review Stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Deciding to disclose a diagnosis of autism to others can be a major decision for people with autism and their families. This scoping review summarizes existing literature related to perceptions and outcomes of disclosing an autism diagnosis to others (e.g., teachers, peers, employers). Methods We conducted a scoping review of scientific literature using Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) methodological framework. Relevant English language databases and reference lists were searched using terms related to autism, disclosure, and perspective (e.g., attitude, accept*). Studies that focused on disclosure to the person with autism and/or their parents were excluded. Results A total of 37 articles met inclusion criteria, including 14 that presented the perspective of people with ASD, four that presented the perspective of parents/family members, and 20 that presented the perspective of others. Our findings highlight disconnect in perspectives between others (primarily evaluated through vignettes) and persons with autism (primarily elicited through qualitative interviews). Others perceive that disclosure has positive effects on social acceptance and perceptions of disability for people with autism, especially when explanatory information about autism was provided with the autism label. Adolescents and adults with autism indicated reluctance to disclose their diagnosis due to perceived negative outcomes and stigma. Existing research also reflected an assumption that diagnosis should be disclosed. Conclusions: Professionals and the general public should be aware of their assumptions related to autism and disclosure. More research on the processes and outcomes of diagnostic disclosure in autism, across the lifespan and in real life social contexts, is warranted. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101598 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=432 Predicting Parent Reactions at Diagnostic Disclosure Sessions for Autism / Emily I. ANDERBERG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-10 (October 2021)
[article]
Titre : Predicting Parent Reactions at Diagnostic Disclosure Sessions for Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emily I. ANDERBERG, Auteur ; M. SOUTH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3533-3546 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder/diagnosis Child Disclosure Humans Parents Surveys and Questionnaires Assessment Autism Diagnostic disclosure Diagnostic evaluation Diagnostic feedback Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Receiving a diagnosis of autism for their child can be a pivotal moment for parents, yet there is little research about how providers can predict parent reactions and adjust their feedback. We investigated factors related to parent reactions during the disclosure session using interviews with providers (n?=?6), a parent focus group (n?=?10), and a mixed-methods survey of parents (n?=?189) of recently diagnosed children. Parents' prior knowledge of autism and anxiety about diagnosis predicted emotional reactions and readiness for next steps. Families anxious about receiving a diagnosis are most in need of information but may leave the session feeling lost and unprepared. Providers can promote positive emotional reactions for parents and prevent confusion by increasing their own positivity, warmth, respect, clarity, and confidence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04817-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=453
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-10 (October 2021) . - p.3533-3546[article] Predicting Parent Reactions at Diagnostic Disclosure Sessions for Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emily I. ANDERBERG, Auteur ; M. SOUTH, Auteur . - p.3533-3546.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-10 (October 2021) . - p.3533-3546
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder/diagnosis Child Disclosure Humans Parents Surveys and Questionnaires Assessment Autism Diagnostic disclosure Diagnostic evaluation Diagnostic feedback Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Receiving a diagnosis of autism for their child can be a pivotal moment for parents, yet there is little research about how providers can predict parent reactions and adjust their feedback. We investigated factors related to parent reactions during the disclosure session using interviews with providers (n?=?6), a parent focus group (n?=?10), and a mixed-methods survey of parents (n?=?189) of recently diagnosed children. Parents' prior knowledge of autism and anxiety about diagnosis predicted emotional reactions and readiness for next steps. Families anxious about receiving a diagnosis are most in need of information but may leave the session feeling lost and unprepared. Providers can promote positive emotional reactions for parents and prevent confusion by increasing their own positivity, warmth, respect, clarity, and confidence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04817-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=453 Variability in first impressions of autistic adults made by neurotypical raters is driven more by characteristics of the rater than by characteristics of autistic adults / K. E. MORRISON in Autism, 23-7 (October 2019)
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