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Beyond group differences: Exploring the preliminary signals of target engagement of an executive function training for autistic children / Sarah R. EDMUNDS in Autism Research, 15-7 (July 2022)
[article]
Titre : Beyond group differences: Exploring the preliminary signals of target engagement of an executive function training for autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah R. EDMUNDS, Auteur ; Gabrielle A. MACNAUGHTON, Auteur ; M. Rosario RUEDA, Auteur ; Lina M. COMBITA, Auteur ; Susan FAJA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1261-1273 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adhd anxiety autism spectrum disorders executive function training inhibitory control moderation target engagement Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Understanding both for whom and how interventions work is a crucial next step in providing personalized care to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Autistic children present with heterogeneity both within core ASD criteria and with respect to co-occurring mental health challenges, which may affect their ability to benefit from intervention. In a secondary data analysis of a randomized control trial evaluating an executive function (EF) training with 70 7- to 11-year-old autistic children, we explored: (1) whether co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) features or anxiety features at baseline moderated the extent to which children benefited from the EF training. In other words, we asked, "For whom is training effective?" We also explored: (2) the extent to which changes in a brain-based measure of target engagement predicted the clinical outcomes of the EF training. This is a step towards asking, "How is training effective?" We found that EF training improved behavioral inhibition only for children with clinically significant co-occurring ADHD features. Anxiety features, while prevalent, did not moderate EF training efficacy. Finally, for the EF training group only, there was a significant correlation between pre-to-post change in an EEG-based measure of target engagement, N2 incongruent amplitude during a flanker task, and change in repetitive behaviors, a behavioral outcome that was reported in the parent RCT to have improved with training compared to waitlist control. This study provides preliminary evidence that EF training may differentially affect subgroups of autistic children and that changes at the neural level may precede changes in behavior. LAY SUMMARY: Understanding both for whom and how interventions work will help us provide personalized care to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Autistic children present with many different strengths and challenges. Co-occurring mental health challenges may affect how much autistic children benefit from intervention. We analyzed secondary data from a rigorously designed pilot intervention study, a randomized control trial (RCT), that enrolled 70 7- to 11-year-old autistic children to assess whether a set of computer-based executive function (EF) training games improved their performance. Executive functions include being able to shift between tasks, inhibit a response, and keep information in working memory. In the current study, we explored: (1) whether children's co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) features or anxiety features, measured before the EF training began, affected how much they benefited from the EF training. In other words, we asked, "For whom is training effective?" We also explored: (2) whether children's brain-based changes in EF predicted their performance in everyday life (e.g., parent report on a survey). This is a step toward asking, "How is training effective?" We found that EF training improved children's inhibition ability, but only for children with clinically significant ADHD features. While many children in our sample also had anxiety features, we found that anxiety levels did not affect how well the EF training worked. Finally, for children who received the EF training, changes in a brain-based measure of conflict monitoring (i.e., being able to noticing differences in stimuli) predicted changes in children's repetitive behaviors. This study provides early evidence that EF training may be more effective for some autistic children than others, especially those with ADHD features. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2735 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476
in Autism Research > 15-7 (July 2022) . - p.1261-1273[article] Beyond group differences: Exploring the preliminary signals of target engagement of an executive function training for autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah R. EDMUNDS, Auteur ; Gabrielle A. MACNAUGHTON, Auteur ; M. Rosario RUEDA, Auteur ; Lina M. COMBITA, Auteur ; Susan FAJA, Auteur . - p.1261-1273.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-7 (July 2022) . - p.1261-1273
Mots-clés : Adhd anxiety autism spectrum disorders executive function training inhibitory control moderation target engagement Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Understanding both for whom and how interventions work is a crucial next step in providing personalized care to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Autistic children present with heterogeneity both within core ASD criteria and with respect to co-occurring mental health challenges, which may affect their ability to benefit from intervention. In a secondary data analysis of a randomized control trial evaluating an executive function (EF) training with 70 7- to 11-year-old autistic children, we explored: (1) whether co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) features or anxiety features at baseline moderated the extent to which children benefited from the EF training. In other words, we asked, "For whom is training effective?" We also explored: (2) the extent to which changes in a brain-based measure of target engagement predicted the clinical outcomes of the EF training. This is a step towards asking, "How is training effective?" We found that EF training improved behavioral inhibition only for children with clinically significant co-occurring ADHD features. Anxiety features, while prevalent, did not moderate EF training efficacy. Finally, for the EF training group only, there was a significant correlation between pre-to-post change in an EEG-based measure of target engagement, N2 incongruent amplitude during a flanker task, and change in repetitive behaviors, a behavioral outcome that was reported in the parent RCT to have improved with training compared to waitlist control. This study provides preliminary evidence that EF training may differentially affect subgroups of autistic children and that changes at the neural level may precede changes in behavior. LAY SUMMARY: Understanding both for whom and how interventions work will help us provide personalized care to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Autistic children present with many different strengths and challenges. Co-occurring mental health challenges may affect how much autistic children benefit from intervention. We analyzed secondary data from a rigorously designed pilot intervention study, a randomized control trial (RCT), that enrolled 70 7- to 11-year-old autistic children to assess whether a set of computer-based executive function (EF) training games improved their performance. Executive functions include being able to shift between tasks, inhibit a response, and keep information in working memory. In the current study, we explored: (1) whether children's co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) features or anxiety features, measured before the EF training began, affected how much they benefited from the EF training. In other words, we asked, "For whom is training effective?" We also explored: (2) whether children's brain-based changes in EF predicted their performance in everyday life (e.g., parent report on a survey). This is a step toward asking, "How is training effective?" We found that EF training improved children's inhibition ability, but only for children with clinically significant ADHD features. While many children in our sample also had anxiety features, we found that anxiety levels did not affect how well the EF training worked. Finally, for children who received the EF training, changes in a brain-based measure of conflict monitoring (i.e., being able to noticing differences in stimuli) predicted changes in children's repetitive behaviors. This study provides early evidence that EF training may be more effective for some autistic children than others, especially those with ADHD features. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2735 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 Pilot Study of an Attention and Executive Function Cognitive Intervention in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders / S. J. MACOUN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-8 (August 2021)
[article]
Titre : Pilot Study of an Attention and Executive Function Cognitive Intervention in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. J. MACOUN, Auteur ; I. SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; B. BEDIR, Auteur ; J. SHEEHAN, Auteur ; A. SUNG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2600-2610 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy Child Cognition Communication Emotional Regulation Executive Function Female Humans Male Parents Pilot Projects Schools Social Skills Attention training Autism Cognitive intervention Executive function training Metacognitive strategy teaching Process specific intervention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This pilot study investigated the efficacy of a game-based cognitive training program (Caribbean Quest; CQ) for improving attention and executive function (EF) in school-aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). CQ is a 'serious game' that uses a hybrid process-specific/compensatory approach to remediate attention and EF abilities through repetitive, hierarchically graded exercises delivered in an adaptive format. Game-play is accompanied by instruction in metacognitive strategies delivered by an adult trainer. Twenty children diagnosed with ASD (ages 6-12 years) completed 12 h of intervention in schools over 8-10 weeks that was facilitated by a trained Research Assistant. Pre-post testing indicated near transfer gains for visual working memory and selective attention and far transfer effects for math fluency. Exit interviews with parents and school staff indicated anecdotal gains in attention, EF, emotion-regulation, flexibility, communication, and social skills. Overall, this study provides preliminary support for the feasibility and potential efficacy of the CQ when delivered in schools to children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04723-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-8 (August 2021) . - p.2600-2610[article] Pilot Study of an Attention and Executive Function Cognitive Intervention in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. J. MACOUN, Auteur ; I. SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; B. BEDIR, Auteur ; J. SHEEHAN, Auteur ; A. SUNG, Auteur . - p.2600-2610.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-8 (August 2021) . - p.2600-2610
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy Child Cognition Communication Emotional Regulation Executive Function Female Humans Male Parents Pilot Projects Schools Social Skills Attention training Autism Cognitive intervention Executive function training Metacognitive strategy teaching Process specific intervention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This pilot study investigated the efficacy of a game-based cognitive training program (Caribbean Quest; CQ) for improving attention and executive function (EF) in school-aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). CQ is a 'serious game' that uses a hybrid process-specific/compensatory approach to remediate attention and EF abilities through repetitive, hierarchically graded exercises delivered in an adaptive format. Game-play is accompanied by instruction in metacognitive strategies delivered by an adult trainer. Twenty children diagnosed with ASD (ages 6-12 years) completed 12 h of intervention in schools over 8-10 weeks that was facilitated by a trained Research Assistant. Pre-post testing indicated near transfer gains for visual working memory and selective attention and far transfer effects for math fluency. Exit interviews with parents and school staff indicated anecdotal gains in attention, EF, emotion-regulation, flexibility, communication, and social skills. Overall, this study provides preliminary support for the feasibility and potential efficacy of the CQ when delivered in schools to children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04723-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452 Academic Needs in Middle School: Perspectives of Parents and Youth with Autism / Leanne TAMM in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-9 (September 2020)
[article]
Titre : Academic Needs in Middle School: Perspectives of Parents and Youth with Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Leanne TAMM, Auteur ; Amie DUNCAN, Auteur ; Aaron VAUGHN, Auteur ; Rhyanne MCDADE, Auteur ; Nicole ESTELL, Auteur ; Allison M. BIRNSCHEIN, Auteur ; Lori CROSBY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3126-3139 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Academic performance Executive function training Homework Study skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) without intellectual disability frequently experience academic problems, in part due to executive functioning (EF) deficits. There are currently no evidence-based interventions targeting academic EF skills for middle school youth with ASD. An intervention is currently in development. This paper reports on a "proof of concept" uncontrolled trial of the intervention, and focus groups with parents and youth to inform tailoring and adaptation of the intervention. Results of the trial suggest high feasibility/satisfaction, but a need for further adaptation to promote uptake by youth with ASD. Results from the focus groups confirmed the need for an intervention targeting academic EF skills, successful strategies in use, and the need to promote increased youth independence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03995-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=430
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-9 (September 2020) . - p.3126-3139[article] Academic Needs in Middle School: Perspectives of Parents and Youth with Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Leanne TAMM, Auteur ; Amie DUNCAN, Auteur ; Aaron VAUGHN, Auteur ; Rhyanne MCDADE, Auteur ; Nicole ESTELL, Auteur ; Allison M. BIRNSCHEIN, Auteur ; Lori CROSBY, Auteur . - p.3126-3139.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-9 (September 2020) . - p.3126-3139
Mots-clés : Academic performance Executive function training Homework Study skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) without intellectual disability frequently experience academic problems, in part due to executive functioning (EF) deficits. There are currently no evidence-based interventions targeting academic EF skills for middle school youth with ASD. An intervention is currently in development. This paper reports on a "proof of concept" uncontrolled trial of the intervention, and focus groups with parents and youth to inform tailoring and adaptation of the intervention. Results of the trial suggest high feasibility/satisfaction, but a need for further adaptation to promote uptake by youth with ASD. Results from the focus groups confirmed the need for an intervention targeting academic EF skills, successful strategies in use, and the need to promote increased youth independence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03995-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=430 Achieving Independence and Mastery in School: An Open Trial in the Outpatient Setting / Leanne TAMM in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-5 (May 2021)
[article]
Titre : Achieving Independence and Mastery in School: An Open Trial in the Outpatient Setting Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Leanne TAMM, Auteur ; Allison K. ZOROMSKI, Auteur ; Ellen E. KNEESKERN, Auteur ; Meera PATEL, Auteur ; Heather M. LACEY, Auteur ; Aaron J. VAUGHN, Auteur ; Heather A. CIESIELSKI, Auteur ; Hannah K. WEADICK, Auteur ; Amie W. DUNCAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1705-1718 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Academic performance Executive function training Homework Study skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) without intellectual disability frequently experience academic problems, in part due to executive functioning (EF) deficits. There are currently no evidence-based interventions targeting academic EF skills (e.g., organization, prioritization, etc.) for middle school youth with ASD. The need is critical given increasing demands on these skills during the transition from elementary to middle school. An intervention targeting academic EF skills, Achieving Independence and Mastery in School (AIMS), was recently developed. This paper reports on an open trial of the AIMS-Outpatient intervention with 21 middle schoolers with ASD. Results suggest high feasibility/satisfaction, and improved EF, particularly in the domains of organization and materials management. These promising results support further intervention development work and suggest that academic EF skills are malleable in youth with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04652-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=445
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-5 (May 2021) . - p.1705-1718[article] Achieving Independence and Mastery in School: An Open Trial in the Outpatient Setting [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Leanne TAMM, Auteur ; Allison K. ZOROMSKI, Auteur ; Ellen E. KNEESKERN, Auteur ; Meera PATEL, Auteur ; Heather M. LACEY, Auteur ; Aaron J. VAUGHN, Auteur ; Heather A. CIESIELSKI, Auteur ; Hannah K. WEADICK, Auteur ; Amie W. DUNCAN, Auteur . - p.1705-1718.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-5 (May 2021) . - p.1705-1718
Mots-clés : Academic performance Executive function training Homework Study skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) without intellectual disability frequently experience academic problems, in part due to executive functioning (EF) deficits. There are currently no evidence-based interventions targeting academic EF skills (e.g., organization, prioritization, etc.) for middle school youth with ASD. The need is critical given increasing demands on these skills during the transition from elementary to middle school. An intervention targeting academic EF skills, Achieving Independence and Mastery in School (AIMS), was recently developed. This paper reports on an open trial of the AIMS-Outpatient intervention with 21 middle schoolers with ASD. Results suggest high feasibility/satisfaction, and improved EF, particularly in the domains of organization and materials management. These promising results support further intervention development work and suggest that academic EF skills are malleable in youth with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04652-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=445