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Assessing Recollection and Familiarity in Low Functioning Autism / Susan NI CHUILEANN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-6 (June 2013)
[article]
Titre : Assessing Recollection and Familiarity in Low Functioning Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Susan NI CHUILEANN, Auteur ; Jean QUIGLEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1406-1422 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Recollection Familiarity High functioning autism Low functioning autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Methods to assess recollection and familiarity separately in autism spectrum disorder were recently developed and piloted (Bigham et al. in J Autism Dev Disord 40:878–889, 2010). The preliminary data obtained via these methods showed that whereas recollection was mildly impaired in high functioning autism, familiarity was spared. The current study set out to replicate the methods of assessment for recollection and familiarity devised by Bigham and her colleagues with individuals diagnosed with low functioning autism (LFA). Three critical modifications to the original paradigms were made within the current study. The modifications and implications of the findings for individuals with LFA will be discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1697-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=201
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-6 (June 2013) . - p.1406-1422[article] Assessing Recollection and Familiarity in Low Functioning Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Susan NI CHUILEANN, Auteur ; Jean QUIGLEY, Auteur . - p.1406-1422.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-6 (June 2013) . - p.1406-1422
Mots-clés : Recollection Familiarity High functioning autism Low functioning autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Methods to assess recollection and familiarity separately in autism spectrum disorder were recently developed and piloted (Bigham et al. in J Autism Dev Disord 40:878–889, 2010). The preliminary data obtained via these methods showed that whereas recollection was mildly impaired in high functioning autism, familiarity was spared. The current study set out to replicate the methods of assessment for recollection and familiarity devised by Bigham and her colleagues with individuals diagnosed with low functioning autism (LFA). Three critical modifications to the original paradigms were made within the current study. The modifications and implications of the findings for individuals with LFA will be discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1697-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=201 Declarative Memory and Structural Language Impairment in Autistic Children and Adolescents / Sophie ANNS in Autism Research, 13-11 (November 2020)
[article]
Titre : Declarative Memory and Structural Language Impairment in Autistic Children and Adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sophie ANNS, Auteur ; Sebastian B GAIGG, Auteur ; James A. HAMPTON, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur ; Jill BOUCHER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1947-1958 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder familiarity language impairment memory recollection Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Two experiments tested the hypothesis that a plausible contributory factor of structural language impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is impaired declarative memory. We hypothesized that familiarity and recollection (subserving semantic and episodic memory, respectively) are both impaired in autistic individuals with clinically significant language impairment and learning disability (ASD(LI/LD) ); whereas recollection is selectively impaired in autistic individuals with typical language (ASD(TL) ). Teenagers with ASD(LI/LD) (n = 19) and primary school age children with ASD(TL) (n = 26) were compared with teenagers with learning disability (LD) (n = 26) without autism, and primary school aged typically developing (TD) children (n = 32). Both experiments provided strong support for the hypothesized links between declarative memory processes and lexical-semantic facets of language in the two autistic groups, but not in the TD group. Additional findings of interest were that declarative memory processes and lexical-semantic knowledge were also linked in the LD group and that the ASD groups-and to a lesser extent the LD group-may have compensated for declarative memory impairments using spared visual-perceptual abilities, a finding with potential educational implications. Relative difficulties with familiarity and recollection in ASD(LI/LD) and LD may help explain structural language impairment, as investigated here, but also the broader learning disabilities found in these populations. Autism Res 2020. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1947-1958. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Language impairment and learning disability affect 45% of the autistic population yet the factors that may be contributing to them is remarkably under-researched. To date there are no explanations of the lexical semantic (word meaning) abnormalities observed in ASD. We found that declarative memory is associated with lexical semantic knowledge in autism and learning disability but not in typical development. Difficulties with declarative memory may also be compensated for using visual-perceptual abilities by autistic and learning-disabled adolescents, which has positive implications for educationalists. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2282 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433
in Autism Research > 13-11 (November 2020) . - p.1947-1958[article] Declarative Memory and Structural Language Impairment in Autistic Children and Adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sophie ANNS, Auteur ; Sebastian B GAIGG, Auteur ; James A. HAMPTON, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur ; Jill BOUCHER, Auteur . - p.1947-1958.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 13-11 (November 2020) . - p.1947-1958
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder familiarity language impairment memory recollection Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Two experiments tested the hypothesis that a plausible contributory factor of structural language impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is impaired declarative memory. We hypothesized that familiarity and recollection (subserving semantic and episodic memory, respectively) are both impaired in autistic individuals with clinically significant language impairment and learning disability (ASD(LI/LD) ); whereas recollection is selectively impaired in autistic individuals with typical language (ASD(TL) ). Teenagers with ASD(LI/LD) (n = 19) and primary school age children with ASD(TL) (n = 26) were compared with teenagers with learning disability (LD) (n = 26) without autism, and primary school aged typically developing (TD) children (n = 32). Both experiments provided strong support for the hypothesized links between declarative memory processes and lexical-semantic facets of language in the two autistic groups, but not in the TD group. Additional findings of interest were that declarative memory processes and lexical-semantic knowledge were also linked in the LD group and that the ASD groups-and to a lesser extent the LD group-may have compensated for declarative memory impairments using spared visual-perceptual abilities, a finding with potential educational implications. Relative difficulties with familiarity and recollection in ASD(LI/LD) and LD may help explain structural language impairment, as investigated here, but also the broader learning disabilities found in these populations. Autism Res 2020. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1947-1958. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Language impairment and learning disability affect 45% of the autistic population yet the factors that may be contributing to them is remarkably under-researched. To date there are no explanations of the lexical semantic (word meaning) abnormalities observed in ASD. We found that declarative memory is associated with lexical semantic knowledge in autism and learning disability but not in typical development. Difficulties with declarative memory may also be compensated for using visual-perceptual abilities by autistic and learning-disabled adolescents, which has positive implications for educationalists. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2282 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 Episodic Recollection Difficulties in ASD Result from Atypical Relational Encoding: Behavioral and Neural Evidence / Sebastian B. GAIGG in Autism Research, 8-3 (June 2015)
[article]
Titre : Episodic Recollection Difficulties in ASD Result from Atypical Relational Encoding: Behavioral and Neural Evidence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sebastian B. GAIGG, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur ; Beatriz CALVO-MERINO, Auteur ; Declan G. MURPHY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.317-327 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism relational memory item memory recollection familiarity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Memory functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in the encoding of relational but not item information and difficulties in the recollection of contextually rich episodic memories but not in the retrieval of relatively context-free memories through processes of familiarity. The neural underpinnings of this profile and the extent to which encoding difficulties contribute to retrieval difficulties in ASD remain unclear. Using a paradigm developed by Addis and McAndrews [2006; Neuroimage, 33, 1194–1206] we asked adults with and without a diagnosis of ASD to study word-triplets during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scanning that varied in the number of category relations amongst component words. Performance at test confirmed attenuated recollection in the context of preserved familiarity based retrieval in ASD. The results also showed that recollection but not familiarity based retrieval increases as a function of category relations in word triads for both groups, indicating a close link between the encoding of relational information and recollection. This link was further supported by the imaging results, where blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal responses in overlapping regions of the inferior prefrontal cortex were sensitive to the relational encoding manipulation as well as the contrast between recollection versus familiarity based retrieval. Interestingly, however, there was no evidence of prefrontal signal differentiation for this latter contrast in the ASD group for whom signal changes in a left hippocampal region were also marginally attenuated. Together, these observations suggest that attenuated levels of episodic recollection in ASD are, at least in part, attributable to anomalies in relational encoding processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1448 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261
in Autism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.317-327[article] Episodic Recollection Difficulties in ASD Result from Atypical Relational Encoding: Behavioral and Neural Evidence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sebastian B. GAIGG, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur ; Beatriz CALVO-MERINO, Auteur ; Declan G. MURPHY, Auteur . - p.317-327.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.317-327
Mots-clés : autism relational memory item memory recollection familiarity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Memory functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in the encoding of relational but not item information and difficulties in the recollection of contextually rich episodic memories but not in the retrieval of relatively context-free memories through processes of familiarity. The neural underpinnings of this profile and the extent to which encoding difficulties contribute to retrieval difficulties in ASD remain unclear. Using a paradigm developed by Addis and McAndrews [2006; Neuroimage, 33, 1194–1206] we asked adults with and without a diagnosis of ASD to study word-triplets during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scanning that varied in the number of category relations amongst component words. Performance at test confirmed attenuated recollection in the context of preserved familiarity based retrieval in ASD. The results also showed that recollection but not familiarity based retrieval increases as a function of category relations in word triads for both groups, indicating a close link between the encoding of relational information and recollection. This link was further supported by the imaging results, where blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal responses in overlapping regions of the inferior prefrontal cortex were sensitive to the relational encoding manipulation as well as the contrast between recollection versus familiarity based retrieval. Interestingly, however, there was no evidence of prefrontal signal differentiation for this latter contrast in the ASD group for whom signal changes in a left hippocampal region were also marginally attenuated. Together, these observations suggest that attenuated levels of episodic recollection in ASD are, at least in part, attributable to anomalies in relational encoding processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1448 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261 Reactivity to fearful expressions of familiar and unfamiliar people in children with autism: an eye-tracking pupillometry study / H. J. NUSKE in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 6-1 (December 2014)
[article]
Titre : Reactivity to fearful expressions of familiar and unfamiliar people in children with autism: an eye-tracking pupillometry study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : H. J. NUSKE, Auteur ; G. VIVANTI, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.14 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Emotion Eye-tracking Familiarity Physiological reactivity Pupillometry Response latency Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Individuals with autism are often reported to have difficulty with emotion processing. However, clinical and experimental data show that they are sensitive to familiarity; for example, they show normative attachment to familiar people, and have normative brain activity in response to familiar faces. To date, no study has measured their reactivity to the emotions of familiar vs. unfamiliar people. Thus, our aim was to determine whether individuals with autism would show normative reactivity to emotion in familiar people. METHODS: Participants were 21 children with autism and 21 children with typical development, aged two to five years, matched on age and gender. The children observed videos of familiar people (their child-care teachers) and unfamiliar people expressing fear, whilst their visual attention and pupillary reactions were recorded (the latter as an index of emotional reactivity), using eye tracking technology. RESULTS: The children with autism showed normative pupillary reactions (peak magnitude) to fear expressed by familiar people, but a reduced response to fear expressed by unfamiliar people. However, across familiarity conditions, the children with autism had longer latency peak responses than the typically developing children. This pattern of findings was independent of cognitive factors or visual attention as visual attention by group was not related to familiarity condition. The children with autism had reduced visual attention to neutral faces; however, on fearful faces there were no group differences. Abnormalities in pupillary reactivity in the autism group were related to less prosocial behaviour and more severe play and communication deficits. CONCLUSIONS: Children with autism were less atypical in their responses to fearful expressions of people they know, arguing against a pervasive emotional impairment in autism, but rather one that may be mediated by familiarity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-14 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.14[article] Reactivity to fearful expressions of familiar and unfamiliar people in children with autism: an eye-tracking pupillometry study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / H. J. NUSKE, Auteur ; G. VIVANTI, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur . - p.14.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.14
Mots-clés : Autism Emotion Eye-tracking Familiarity Physiological reactivity Pupillometry Response latency Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Individuals with autism are often reported to have difficulty with emotion processing. However, clinical and experimental data show that they are sensitive to familiarity; for example, they show normative attachment to familiar people, and have normative brain activity in response to familiar faces. To date, no study has measured their reactivity to the emotions of familiar vs. unfamiliar people. Thus, our aim was to determine whether individuals with autism would show normative reactivity to emotion in familiar people. METHODS: Participants were 21 children with autism and 21 children with typical development, aged two to five years, matched on age and gender. The children observed videos of familiar people (their child-care teachers) and unfamiliar people expressing fear, whilst their visual attention and pupillary reactions were recorded (the latter as an index of emotional reactivity), using eye tracking technology. RESULTS: The children with autism showed normative pupillary reactions (peak magnitude) to fear expressed by familiar people, but a reduced response to fear expressed by unfamiliar people. However, across familiarity conditions, the children with autism had longer latency peak responses than the typically developing children. This pattern of findings was independent of cognitive factors or visual attention as visual attention by group was not related to familiarity condition. The children with autism had reduced visual attention to neutral faces; however, on fearful faces there were no group differences. Abnormalities in pupillary reactivity in the autism group were related to less prosocial behaviour and more severe play and communication deficits. CONCLUSIONS: Children with autism were less atypical in their responses to fearful expressions of people they know, arguing against a pervasive emotional impairment in autism, but rather one that may be mediated by familiarity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-14 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346 Visual scanning and recognition of ambiguous faces in children with autism: The effects of morphing levels and facial identities / Yige WANG in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 92 (April 2022)
[article]
Titre : Visual scanning and recognition of ambiguous faces in children with autism: The effects of morphing levels and facial identities Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yige WANG, Auteur ; Zhi SHAO, Auteur ; Libin ZHANG, Auteur ; Tingyong FENG, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101931 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Face recognition Eye fixation Face scanning Familiarity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and aim Prior work on face processing in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has mainly focused on the investigation of unfamiliar faces. The present study aimed to extend earlier research by the inclusion of the different faces with varying levels of perceptual difficulty. Methods We employed eye-tracking and morphing techniques to measure face recognition involving identification of face morphs and to record eye movements during the task. Three groups of children participated in the study, comprising 24 with ASD (aged from 4 to 7 years), 25 verbal IQ (VQ)-matched typical developing (TD) controls (aged from 3 to 4 years), and 25 chronological age (CA)-matched TD controls (aged from 4 to 6 years). Results The group-difference was specific for morphed unknown faces – ASD children had a decreased judgement of unknown faces and showed a lower specificity. Concurrent eye-tracking further provided mechanistic insights: the ASD group exhibited a significant reduction in eye-region fixation when recognizing ambiguous unknown faces, relative to both TD groups. Conclusion The current study provides evidence of a selective difficulty in the identification of unknown faces in ASD when the perceptual demand increased, without atypicality in self and familiar face processing. Reduced attention and social interest may be responsible for difficulties in response to stranger faces in young ASD children, rather than a consequence of inability. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.101931 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 92 (April 2022) . - 101931[article] Visual scanning and recognition of ambiguous faces in children with autism: The effects of morphing levels and facial identities [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yige WANG, Auteur ; Zhi SHAO, Auteur ; Libin ZHANG, Auteur ; Tingyong FENG, Auteur . - 101931.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 92 (April 2022) . - 101931
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Face recognition Eye fixation Face scanning Familiarity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and aim Prior work on face processing in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has mainly focused on the investigation of unfamiliar faces. The present study aimed to extend earlier research by the inclusion of the different faces with varying levels of perceptual difficulty. Methods We employed eye-tracking and morphing techniques to measure face recognition involving identification of face morphs and to record eye movements during the task. Three groups of children participated in the study, comprising 24 with ASD (aged from 4 to 7 years), 25 verbal IQ (VQ)-matched typical developing (TD) controls (aged from 3 to 4 years), and 25 chronological age (CA)-matched TD controls (aged from 4 to 6 years). Results The group-difference was specific for morphed unknown faces – ASD children had a decreased judgement of unknown faces and showed a lower specificity. Concurrent eye-tracking further provided mechanistic insights: the ASD group exhibited a significant reduction in eye-region fixation when recognizing ambiguous unknown faces, relative to both TD groups. Conclusion The current study provides evidence of a selective difficulty in the identification of unknown faces in ASD when the perceptual demand increased, without atypicality in self and familiar face processing. Reduced attention and social interest may be responsible for difficulties in response to stranger faces in young ASD children, rather than a consequence of inability. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.101931 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459