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Faire une suggestionGreater gender diversity among autistic children by self-report and parent-report / Blythe A. CORBETT in Autism, 27-1 (January 2023)
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Titre : Greater gender diversity among autistic children by self-report and parent-report Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Mark E. KLEMENCIC, Auteur ; Millicent WEST, Auteur ; Ahra KIM, Auteur ; John F. STRANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.158-172 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder gender diversity gender dysphoria gender incongruence gender nonbinary Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Emerging research suggests overrepresentation of gender diversity among autistic youth. Previous gender diversity research with autistic children has relied on parent-report based on a single question. The Gender Diversity Screening Questionnaire-Self-Report and Parent-Report assessed gender diversity experiences from 244 children (140 autism spectrum disorder and 104 typically developing), between 10 and 13 years, and their parents. Parent-report Child Behavior Checklist Item-110, œWishes to be the opposite sex, was also collected. Autistic children endorsed higher Gender Diversity Screening Questionnaire-Self-Report Binary Gender Diversity, t(223.21)=-2.83, adjusted p=0.02, d=-0.35, and Nonbinary Gender Diversity, t(191.15)=-3.79, adjusted p=0.001, d=-0.46, than typically developing children. Similarly, for Gender Diversity Screening Questionnaire-Parent-Report, there was a significant gender-body incongruence difference between the groups, t(189.59)=-2.28, adjusted p=0.05, d=-0.30. Within-group analyses revealed that parents of autistic females-assigned-at-birth reported significantly more gender-body incongruence than males-assigned-at-birth, t(32.91)=-3.78, p < 0.001, d=-1.11. Moreover, distinct within-group profiles of gender experiences and internalizing symptoms were revealed, showing associations between gender profiles and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and suicidality. Results extend reports showing increased rates of gender diversity in autistic children based on both self-report and parent-report, underscoring the need to better understand and support the unique and complex needs of autistic children who experience gender diversity. Lay abstract Gender diversity broadly refers to the way in which an individual experiences (expressions and/or identities) their gender distinctly to that which would be expected based upon social norms for their gender assigned at birth. Recent research has shown a higher representation of gender diversity among autistic youth. Previous research in this area has relied on parent-report based on a single question from the Child Behavior Checklist Item-110, asking whether their child œWishes to be the opposite sex. The Gender Diversity Screening Questionnaire Self-Report and Parent-Report were used to assess the experience of gender diversity in 244 children (140 autism spectrum disorder and 104 typically developing) between 10 and 13 years. The Item-110 was also collected. Results showed that autistic children endorsed much higher rates of Binary Gender Diversity (less identification with their designated sex and more with the other binary sex) and Nonbinary Gender Diversity (identification as neither male nor female) than typically developing children. Similarly, parents of autistic children reported significantly more gender-body incongruence experienced by their child than parents of typically developing children. Specifically, parents of autistic females-assigned-at-birth reported significantly more gender-body incongruence than autistic males-assigned-at-birth. Parent- and self-report measures were largely related. Moreover, statistical comparisons between and within the groups revealed associations between gender profiles and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and suicidality. Results extend previous reports showing increased rates of gender diversity in autistic children, now based on both self-report and parent-report, and highlight the need to better understand and support the unique and complex needs of autistic children who experience gender diversity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221085337 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491
in Autism > 27-1 (January 2023) . - p.158-172[article] Greater gender diversity among autistic children by self-report and parent-report [texte imprimé] / Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Mark E. KLEMENCIC, Auteur ; Millicent WEST, Auteur ; Ahra KIM, Auteur ; John F. STRANG, Auteur . - p.158-172.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 27-1 (January 2023) . - p.158-172
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder gender diversity gender dysphoria gender incongruence gender nonbinary Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Emerging research suggests overrepresentation of gender diversity among autistic youth. Previous gender diversity research with autistic children has relied on parent-report based on a single question. The Gender Diversity Screening Questionnaire-Self-Report and Parent-Report assessed gender diversity experiences from 244 children (140 autism spectrum disorder and 104 typically developing), between 10 and 13 years, and their parents. Parent-report Child Behavior Checklist Item-110, œWishes to be the opposite sex, was also collected. Autistic children endorsed higher Gender Diversity Screening Questionnaire-Self-Report Binary Gender Diversity, t(223.21)=-2.83, adjusted p=0.02, d=-0.35, and Nonbinary Gender Diversity, t(191.15)=-3.79, adjusted p=0.001, d=-0.46, than typically developing children. Similarly, for Gender Diversity Screening Questionnaire-Parent-Report, there was a significant gender-body incongruence difference between the groups, t(189.59)=-2.28, adjusted p=0.05, d=-0.30. Within-group analyses revealed that parents of autistic females-assigned-at-birth reported significantly more gender-body incongruence than males-assigned-at-birth, t(32.91)=-3.78, p < 0.001, d=-1.11. Moreover, distinct within-group profiles of gender experiences and internalizing symptoms were revealed, showing associations between gender profiles and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and suicidality. Results extend reports showing increased rates of gender diversity in autistic children based on both self-report and parent-report, underscoring the need to better understand and support the unique and complex needs of autistic children who experience gender diversity. Lay abstract Gender diversity broadly refers to the way in which an individual experiences (expressions and/or identities) their gender distinctly to that which would be expected based upon social norms for their gender assigned at birth. Recent research has shown a higher representation of gender diversity among autistic youth. Previous research in this area has relied on parent-report based on a single question from the Child Behavior Checklist Item-110, asking whether their child œWishes to be the opposite sex. The Gender Diversity Screening Questionnaire Self-Report and Parent-Report were used to assess the experience of gender diversity in 244 children (140 autism spectrum disorder and 104 typically developing) between 10 and 13 years. The Item-110 was also collected. Results showed that autistic children endorsed much higher rates of Binary Gender Diversity (less identification with their designated sex and more with the other binary sex) and Nonbinary Gender Diversity (identification as neither male nor female) than typically developing children. Similarly, parents of autistic children reported significantly more gender-body incongruence experienced by their child than parents of typically developing children. Specifically, parents of autistic females-assigned-at-birth reported significantly more gender-body incongruence than autistic males-assigned-at-birth. Parent- and self-report measures were largely related. Moreover, statistical comparisons between and within the groups revealed associations between gender profiles and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and suicidality. Results extend previous reports showing increased rates of gender diversity in autistic children, now based on both self-report and parent-report, and highlight the need to better understand and support the unique and complex needs of autistic children who experience gender diversity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221085337 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 Sex Differences in Gender-Diverse Expressions and Identities among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Ludivine BRUNISSEN in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)
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Titre : Sex Differences in Gender-Diverse Expressions and Identities among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ludivine BRUNISSEN, Auteur ; Eli RAPOPORT, Auteur ; Katarzyna CHAWARSKA, Auteur ; Andrew ADESMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.143-155 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder gender diversity gender dysphoria gender expression gender identity sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A growing body of evidence supports a potential link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender dysphoria, yet few studies have looked at sex differences in the co-occurrence of gender diversity and ASD. The aim of this study was to characterize sex differences in gender-diverse expressions and identities, as well as gender-related concerns, in youth with ASD. Parents of youth with ASD ages 6-21 (n = 163) completed an online questionnaire about their child's gender expression and identity. Sex-typed behaviors during childhood were measured using the Gender Identity Questionnaire (GIQ). Semi-partial Kendall correlations and chi-square tests were used to compare gender non-conformity, gender-diverse identities, and gender-related concerns between sexes. Sex-based differences in mean GIQ score and individual GIQ items were evaluated using a linear regression and semi-partial Kendall correlations, respectively. All regressions and correlations controlled for child age. Parents of girls were more likely to report child appearances and mannerisms that were less concordant with their child's birth sex. Based on parent-report, girls had lower mean GIQ scores, indicating greater cross-gendered/fewer same-gendered behaviors in childhood. Lastly, parents of girls with ASD were more likely to report that their daughters experienced anxiety due to gender-related concerns and discomfort during puberty than parents of boys. These findings suggest that girls with ASD seem more likely have gender-diverse preferences, mannerisms, and appearances that fall outside of traditional gender norms. Gender-related concerns appear to be a source of real distress in girls with ASD, highlighting the need for individualized support, especially during puberty. LAY SUMMARY: Despite evidence of a potential link between autism and gender diversity, few studies have explored differences in gender identity/expression between boys and girls with autism. Based on parent responses, we found that girls with autism are more likely than boys to have appearances and mannerisms, as well as behaviors during childhood, that fall outside of the traditional gender role. The unique profile of girls with autism and their elevated distress over gender-related concerns call for individualized support during adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2441 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441
in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.143-155[article] Sex Differences in Gender-Diverse Expressions and Identities among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder [texte imprimé] / Ludivine BRUNISSEN, Auteur ; Eli RAPOPORT, Auteur ; Katarzyna CHAWARSKA, Auteur ; Andrew ADESMAN, Auteur . - p.143-155.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.143-155
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder gender diversity gender dysphoria gender expression gender identity sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A growing body of evidence supports a potential link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender dysphoria, yet few studies have looked at sex differences in the co-occurrence of gender diversity and ASD. The aim of this study was to characterize sex differences in gender-diverse expressions and identities, as well as gender-related concerns, in youth with ASD. Parents of youth with ASD ages 6-21 (n = 163) completed an online questionnaire about their child's gender expression and identity. Sex-typed behaviors during childhood were measured using the Gender Identity Questionnaire (GIQ). Semi-partial Kendall correlations and chi-square tests were used to compare gender non-conformity, gender-diverse identities, and gender-related concerns between sexes. Sex-based differences in mean GIQ score and individual GIQ items were evaluated using a linear regression and semi-partial Kendall correlations, respectively. All regressions and correlations controlled for child age. Parents of girls were more likely to report child appearances and mannerisms that were less concordant with their child's birth sex. Based on parent-report, girls had lower mean GIQ scores, indicating greater cross-gendered/fewer same-gendered behaviors in childhood. Lastly, parents of girls with ASD were more likely to report that their daughters experienced anxiety due to gender-related concerns and discomfort during puberty than parents of boys. These findings suggest that girls with ASD seem more likely have gender-diverse preferences, mannerisms, and appearances that fall outside of traditional gender norms. Gender-related concerns appear to be a source of real distress in girls with ASD, highlighting the need for individualized support, especially during puberty. LAY SUMMARY: Despite evidence of a potential link between autism and gender diversity, few studies have explored differences in gender identity/expression between boys and girls with autism. Based on parent responses, we found that girls with autism are more likely than boys to have appearances and mannerisms, as well as behaviors during childhood, that fall outside of the traditional gender role. The unique profile of girls with autism and their elevated distress over gender-related concerns call for individualized support during adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2441 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 The lived experience of gender dysphoria in autistic adults: An interpretative phenomenological analysis / Kate COOPER in Autism, 26-4 (May 2022)
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Titre : The lived experience of gender dysphoria in autistic adults: An interpretative phenomenological analysis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kate COOPER, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; Catherine BUTLER, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.963-974 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Female Gender Dysphoria/psychology Gender Identity Humans Infant, Newborn Male Transgender Persons/psychology autism spectrum disorders gender diversity gender dysphoria transgender healthcare transgender identities conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people are more likely to be transgender, which means having a gender identity different to one's sex assigned at birth. Some transgender people experience distress about their gender and sex assigned at birth not matching which is called gender dysphoria. Research has focused on finding out why autistic people are more likely to have gender dysphoria, and less on what the experience of gender dysphoria is like for autistic people. We interviewed 21 autistic adults about their experience of incongruence between their gender identity and sex assigned at birth, and any associated distress. We carefully read the transcripts of the interviews, focusing on how participants understood their experiences. We found a range of themes from the interviews. Participants were distressed because their bodies did not match their gender identities. Participants told us they had to work hard to understand themselves and who they were, and to manage having multiple different needs such as mental health needs. It was upsetting for participants to experience discrimination because of being autistic and/or transgender. Some participants said it was more difficult to get transgender healthcare as an autistic person. Some participants thought being autistic had helped them understand their gender identity more than non-autistic people. Other participants found it was challenging to be both autistic and transgender. For example, most participants wanted to change their bodies to match their gender identity, but some participants were nervous about making changes to themselves and their routine due to being autistic. We conclude that autism can in some ways be helpful and other ways contribute to challenges for transgender autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211039113 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473
in Autism > 26-4 (May 2022) . - p.963-974[article] The lived experience of gender dysphoria in autistic adults: An interpretative phenomenological analysis [texte imprimé] / Kate COOPER, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; Catherine BUTLER, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur . - p.963-974.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 26-4 (May 2022) . - p.963-974
Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Female Gender Dysphoria/psychology Gender Identity Humans Infant, Newborn Male Transgender Persons/psychology autism spectrum disorders gender diversity gender dysphoria transgender healthcare transgender identities conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people are more likely to be transgender, which means having a gender identity different to one's sex assigned at birth. Some transgender people experience distress about their gender and sex assigned at birth not matching which is called gender dysphoria. Research has focused on finding out why autistic people are more likely to have gender dysphoria, and less on what the experience of gender dysphoria is like for autistic people. We interviewed 21 autistic adults about their experience of incongruence between their gender identity and sex assigned at birth, and any associated distress. We carefully read the transcripts of the interviews, focusing on how participants understood their experiences. We found a range of themes from the interviews. Participants were distressed because their bodies did not match their gender identities. Participants told us they had to work hard to understand themselves and who they were, and to manage having multiple different needs such as mental health needs. It was upsetting for participants to experience discrimination because of being autistic and/or transgender. Some participants said it was more difficult to get transgender healthcare as an autistic person. Some participants thought being autistic had helped them understand their gender identity more than non-autistic people. Other participants found it was challenging to be both autistic and transgender. For example, most participants wanted to change their bodies to match their gender identity, but some participants were nervous about making changes to themselves and their routine due to being autistic. We conclude that autism can in some ways be helpful and other ways contribute to challenges for transgender autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211039113 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 "They Thought It Was an Obsession": Trajectories and Perspectives of Autistic Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents / John F. STRANG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-12 (December 2018)
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Titre : "They Thought It Was an Obsession": Trajectories and Perspectives of Autistic Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : John F. STRANG, Auteur ; Meredith D. POWERS, Auteur ; Megan KNAUSS, Auteur ; Ely SIBARIUM, Auteur ; Scott F. LEIBOWITZ, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Eleonora SADIKOVA, Auteur ; Shannon WYSS, Auteur ; Laura WILLING, Auteur ; Reid CAPLAN, Auteur ; Noor PERVEZ, Auteur ; Joel NOWAK, Auteur ; Dena GOHARI, Auteur ; Veronica GOMEZ-LOBO, Auteur ; David CALL, Auteur ; Laura G. ANTHONY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4039-4055 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Autistic Gender dysphoria Gender minority Gender nonbinary Gender-diverse Neurodiversity Transgender Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite research exploring autism in gender-diverse adolescents, no studies have elicited these individuals' perspectives. In-depth interviews with 22 well-characterized autistic gender-diverse adolescents revealed critical themes, including: recollections of pre-pubertal gender nonconformity; vivid experiences of gender dysphoria; a fear of social gender expression due to perceived animosity toward transgender people; and specific challenges that result from the interplay of gender diversity and neurodiversity. During the ~ 22 month study social gender affirmation increased in six participants and gender dysphoria attenuated in four participants. Given the ethical imperative to understand and prioritize the voiced perspectives and needs of autistic gender minority adolescents as well as the discovery of shared themes and experiences in this population, results should inform clinical research approaches and priorities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3723-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-12 (December 2018) . - p.4039-4055[article] "They Thought It Was an Obsession": Trajectories and Perspectives of Autistic Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents [texte imprimé] / John F. STRANG, Auteur ; Meredith D. POWERS, Auteur ; Megan KNAUSS, Auteur ; Ely SIBARIUM, Auteur ; Scott F. LEIBOWITZ, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Eleonora SADIKOVA, Auteur ; Shannon WYSS, Auteur ; Laura WILLING, Auteur ; Reid CAPLAN, Auteur ; Noor PERVEZ, Auteur ; Joel NOWAK, Auteur ; Dena GOHARI, Auteur ; Veronica GOMEZ-LOBO, Auteur ; David CALL, Auteur ; Laura G. ANTHONY, Auteur . - p.4039-4055.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-12 (December 2018) . - p.4039-4055
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Autistic Gender dysphoria Gender minority Gender nonbinary Gender-diverse Neurodiversity Transgender Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite research exploring autism in gender-diverse adolescents, no studies have elicited these individuals' perspectives. In-depth interviews with 22 well-characterized autistic gender-diverse adolescents revealed critical themes, including: recollections of pre-pubertal gender nonconformity; vivid experiences of gender dysphoria; a fear of social gender expression due to perceived animosity toward transgender people; and specific challenges that result from the interplay of gender diversity and neurodiversity. During the ~ 22 month study social gender affirmation increased in six participants and gender dysphoria attenuated in four participants. Given the ethical imperative to understand and prioritize the voiced perspectives and needs of autistic gender minority adolescents as well as the discovery of shared themes and experiences in this population, results should inform clinical research approaches and priorities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3723-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371 Brief Report: Autistic Traits in Mothers and Children Associated with Child’s Gender Nonconformity / Daniel E. SHUMER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-5 (May 2015)
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Titre : Brief Report: Autistic Traits in Mothers and Children Associated with Child’s Gender Nonconformity Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Daniel E. SHUMER, Auteur ; Andrea L. ROBERTS, Auteur ; Sari L. REISNER, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur ; S. Bryn AUSTIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1489-1494 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Gender Gender identity Gender nonconformity Transgender Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined relationships between autistic traits in children, mothers, and fathers and gender nonconformity (GNC) in children using data from the Nurses’ Health Study II and the Growing Up Today Study 1. Autistic traits of mothers, fathers and children were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). GNC in children was measured using questions from the Recalled Childhood Gender Identity/Gender Role Questionnaire. In multivariable analyses increase in child’s SRS score was associated with increased odds (OR 1.35; p = 0.03) of being in a higher GNC category. Increase in maternal SRS score was also associated with increased odds (OR 1.46; p = 0.005) of the child being in a higher GNC category. Paternal SRS scores were not related to child’s GNC category. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2292-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-5 (May 2015) . - p.1489-1494[article] Brief Report: Autistic Traits in Mothers and Children Associated with Child’s Gender Nonconformity [texte imprimé] / Daniel E. SHUMER, Auteur ; Andrea L. ROBERTS, Auteur ; Sari L. REISNER, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur ; S. Bryn AUSTIN, Auteur . - p.1489-1494.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-5 (May 2015) . - p.1489-1494
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Gender Gender identity Gender nonconformity Transgender Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined relationships between autistic traits in children, mothers, and fathers and gender nonconformity (GNC) in children using data from the Nurses’ Health Study II and the Growing Up Today Study 1. Autistic traits of mothers, fathers and children were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). GNC in children was measured using questions from the Recalled Childhood Gender Identity/Gender Role Questionnaire. In multivariable analyses increase in child’s SRS score was associated with increased odds (OR 1.35; p = 0.03) of being in a higher GNC category. Increase in maternal SRS score was also associated with increased odds (OR 1.46; p = 0.005) of the child being in a higher GNC category. Paternal SRS scores were not related to child’s GNC category. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2292-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 Double Helix Rainbow Kids / Diane EHRENSAFT in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-12 (December 2018)
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PermalinkHealthcare clinician perspectives on the intersection of autism and gender dysphoria / Kate COOPER in Autism, 27-1 (January 2023)
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PermalinkA Longitudinal Study of Features Associated with Autism Spectrum in Clinic Referred, Gender Diverse Adolescents Accessing Puberty Suppression Treatment / Ian RUSSELL in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-6 (June 2021)
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PermalinkAdolescent gender diversity: sociodemographic correlates and mental health outcomes in the general population / Akhgar GHASSABIAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-11 (November 2022)
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PermalinkAutism and transgender identity: Implications for depression and anxiety / Jennifer MURPHY in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 69 (January 2020)
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