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Auditory perceptual learning in autistic adults / Samra ALISPAHIC in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)
[article]
Titre : Auditory perceptual learning in autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Samra ALISPAHIC, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Anne CUTLER, Auteur ; Mark ANTONIOU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1495-1507 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Australia Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Autistic Disorder/complications Bayes Theorem Child Humans Phonetics Speech Perception auditory processing autism language development perceptual flexibility perceptual learning phonetic adaptation speech perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The automatic retuning of phoneme categories to better adapt to the speech of a novel talker has been extensively documented across various (neurotypical) populations, including both adults and children. However, no studies have examined auditory perceptual learning effects in populations atypical in perceptual, social, and language processing for communication, such as populations with autism. Employing a classic lexically-guided perceptual learning paradigm, the present study investigated perceptual learning effects in Australian English autistic and non-autistic adults. The findings revealed that automatic attunement to existing phoneme categories was not activated in the autistic group in the same manner as for non-autistic control subjects. Specifically, autistic adults were able to both successfully discern lexical items and to categorize speech sounds; however, they did not show effects of perceptual retuning to talkers. These findings may have implications for the application of current sensory theories (e.g., Bayesian decision theory) to speech and language processing by autistic individuals. LAY SUMMARY: Lexically guided perceptual learning assists in the disambiguation of speech from a novel talker. The present study established that while Australian English autistic adult listeners were able to successfully discern lexical items and categorize speech sounds in their native language, perceptual flexibility in updating speaker-specific phonemic knowledge when exposed to a novel talker was not available. Implications for speech and language processing by autistic individuals as well as current sensory theories are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2778 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483
in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1495-1507[article] Auditory perceptual learning in autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Samra ALISPAHIC, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Anne CUTLER, Auteur ; Mark ANTONIOU, Auteur . - p.1495-1507.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1495-1507
Mots-clés : Adult Australia Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Autistic Disorder/complications Bayes Theorem Child Humans Phonetics Speech Perception auditory processing autism language development perceptual flexibility perceptual learning phonetic adaptation speech perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The automatic retuning of phoneme categories to better adapt to the speech of a novel talker has been extensively documented across various (neurotypical) populations, including both adults and children. However, no studies have examined auditory perceptual learning effects in populations atypical in perceptual, social, and language processing for communication, such as populations with autism. Employing a classic lexically-guided perceptual learning paradigm, the present study investigated perceptual learning effects in Australian English autistic and non-autistic adults. The findings revealed that automatic attunement to existing phoneme categories was not activated in the autistic group in the same manner as for non-autistic control subjects. Specifically, autistic adults were able to both successfully discern lexical items and to categorize speech sounds; however, they did not show effects of perceptual retuning to talkers. These findings may have implications for the application of current sensory theories (e.g., Bayesian decision theory) to speech and language processing by autistic individuals. LAY SUMMARY: Lexically guided perceptual learning assists in the disambiguation of speech from a novel talker. The present study established that while Australian English autistic adult listeners were able to successfully discern lexical items and categorize speech sounds in their native language, perceptual flexibility in updating speaker-specific phonemic knowledge when exposed to a novel talker was not available. Implications for speech and language processing by autistic individuals as well as current sensory theories are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2778 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 Brief Report: Simulations Suggest Heterogeneous Category Learning and Generalization in Children with Autism is a Result of Idiosyncratic Perceptual Transformations / Eduardo MERCADO in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-8 (August 2016)
[article]
Titre : Brief Report: Simulations Suggest Heterogeneous Category Learning and Generalization in Children with Autism is a Result of Idiosyncratic Perceptual Transformations Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eduardo MERCADO, Auteur ; Barbara A. CHURCH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2806-2812 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Connectionist Heterogeneity Perceptual learning Random projection Self-organizing map Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) sometimes have difficulties learning categories. Past computational work suggests that such deficits may result from atypical representations in cortical maps. Here we use neural networks to show that idiosyncratic transformations of inputs can result in the formation of feature maps that impair category learning for some inputs, but not for other closely related inputs. These simulations suggest that large inter- and intra-individual variations in learning capacities shown by children with ASD across similar categorization tasks may similarly result from idiosyncratic perceptual encoding that is resistant to experience-dependent changes. If so, then both feedback- and exposure-based category learning should lead to heterogeneous, stimulus-dependent deficits in children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2815-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=291
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-8 (August 2016) . - p.2806-2812[article] Brief Report: Simulations Suggest Heterogeneous Category Learning and Generalization in Children with Autism is a Result of Idiosyncratic Perceptual Transformations [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eduardo MERCADO, Auteur ; Barbara A. CHURCH, Auteur . - p.2806-2812.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-8 (August 2016) . - p.2806-2812
Mots-clés : Connectionist Heterogeneity Perceptual learning Random projection Self-organizing map Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) sometimes have difficulties learning categories. Past computational work suggests that such deficits may result from atypical representations in cortical maps. Here we use neural networks to show that idiosyncratic transformations of inputs can result in the formation of feature maps that impair category learning for some inputs, but not for other closely related inputs. These simulations suggest that large inter- and intra-individual variations in learning capacities shown by children with ASD across similar categorization tasks may similarly result from idiosyncratic perceptual encoding that is resistant to experience-dependent changes. If so, then both feedback- and exposure-based category learning should lead to heterogeneous, stimulus-dependent deficits in children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2815-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=291 Structural and contextual priors affect visual search in children with and without autism / S. VAN DE CRUYS in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)
[article]
Titre : Structural and contextual priors affect visual search in children with and without autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. VAN DE CRUYS, Auteur ; L. LEMMENS, Auteur ; L. A. SAPEY-TRIOMPHE, Auteur ; A. CHETVERIKOV, Auteur ; I. NOENS, Auteur ; J. WAGEMANS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1484-1495 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Bayes Theorem Child Humans Learning Reaction Time Visual Perception Bayesian brain ensemble perception perceptual learning predictive coding summary statistics visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Bayesian predictive coding theories of autism spectrum disorder propose that impaired acquisition or a broader shape of prior probability distributions lies at the core of the condition. However, we still know very little about how probability distributions are learned and encoded by children, let alone children with autism. Here, we take advantage of a recently developed distribution learning paradigm to characterize how children with and without autism acquire information about probability distributions. Twenty-four autistic and 25-matched neurotypical children searched for an odd-one-out target among a set of distractor lines with orientations sampled from a Gaussian distribution repeated across multiple trials to allow for learning of the parameters (mean and variance) of the distribution. We could measure the width (variance) of the participant's encoded distribution by introducing a target-distractor role-reversal while varying the similarity between target and previous distractor mean. Both groups performed similarly on the visual search task and learned the distractor distribution to a similar extent. However, the variance learned was much broader than the one presented, consistent with less informative priors in children irrespective of autism diagnosis. These findings have important implications for Bayesian accounts of perception throughout development, and Bayesian accounts of autism specifically. LAY SUMMARY: Recent theories about the underlying cognitive mechanisms of autism propose that the way autistic individuals estimate variability or uncertainty in their perceptual environment may differ from how typical individuals do so. Children had to search an oddly tilted line in a set of lines pointing in different directions, and based on their response times we examined how they learned about the variability in a set of objects. We found that autistic children learn variability as well as typical children, but both groups learn with less precision than typical adults do on the same task. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2511 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449
in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1484-1495[article] Structural and contextual priors affect visual search in children with and without autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. VAN DE CRUYS, Auteur ; L. LEMMENS, Auteur ; L. A. SAPEY-TRIOMPHE, Auteur ; A. CHETVERIKOV, Auteur ; I. NOENS, Auteur ; J. WAGEMANS, Auteur . - p.1484-1495.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1484-1495
Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Bayes Theorem Child Humans Learning Reaction Time Visual Perception Bayesian brain ensemble perception perceptual learning predictive coding summary statistics visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Bayesian predictive coding theories of autism spectrum disorder propose that impaired acquisition or a broader shape of prior probability distributions lies at the core of the condition. However, we still know very little about how probability distributions are learned and encoded by children, let alone children with autism. Here, we take advantage of a recently developed distribution learning paradigm to characterize how children with and without autism acquire information about probability distributions. Twenty-four autistic and 25-matched neurotypical children searched for an odd-one-out target among a set of distractor lines with orientations sampled from a Gaussian distribution repeated across multiple trials to allow for learning of the parameters (mean and variance) of the distribution. We could measure the width (variance) of the participant's encoded distribution by introducing a target-distractor role-reversal while varying the similarity between target and previous distractor mean. Both groups performed similarly on the visual search task and learned the distractor distribution to a similar extent. However, the variance learned was much broader than the one presented, consistent with less informative priors in children irrespective of autism diagnosis. These findings have important implications for Bayesian accounts of perception throughout development, and Bayesian accounts of autism specifically. LAY SUMMARY: Recent theories about the underlying cognitive mechanisms of autism propose that the way autistic individuals estimate variability or uncertainty in their perceptual environment may differ from how typical individuals do so. Children had to search an oddly tilted line in a set of lines pointing in different directions, and based on their response times we examined how they learned about the variability in a set of objects. We found that autistic children learn variability as well as typical children, but both groups learn with less precision than typical adults do on the same task. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2511 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449