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Autistic people outperform neurotypicals in a cartoon version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes / Liam CROSS in Autism Research, 15-9 (September 2022)
[article]
Titre : Autistic people outperform neurotypicals in a cartoon version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Liam CROSS, Auteur ; Andrea PIOVESAN, Auteur ; Gray ATHERTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1603-1608 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology Autistic Disorder/psychology Emotions Facial Recognition Humans Reading the Mind in the Eyes anthropomorphism autism cartoon emotion recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prior research suggests that while autistic people may demonstrate poorer facial emotion recognition when stimuli are human, these differences lessen when stimuli are anthropomorphic. To investigate this further, this work explores emotion recognition in autistic and neurotypical adults (n = 196). Groups were compared on a standard and a cartoon version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test. Results indicated that autistic individuals were not significantly different from neurotypicals on the standard version. However, autistic people outperformed neurotypicals on the cartoon version. The implications for these findings regarding emotion recognition deficits and the social motivation account of autism are discussed and support the view of socio-cognitive differences rather than deficits in this population. LAY SUMMARY: The Reading the Mind in the Eyes test and a cartoon version were tested on autistic and neurotypical adults. Autistic adults were not significantly different on the original test compared to neurotypicals, but they outperformed neurotypical adults on the cartoon version. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2782 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483
in Autism Research > 15-9 (September 2022) . - p.1603-1608[article] Autistic people outperform neurotypicals in a cartoon version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Liam CROSS, Auteur ; Andrea PIOVESAN, Auteur ; Gray ATHERTON, Auteur . - p.1603-1608.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-9 (September 2022) . - p.1603-1608
Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology Autistic Disorder/psychology Emotions Facial Recognition Humans Reading the Mind in the Eyes anthropomorphism autism cartoon emotion recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prior research suggests that while autistic people may demonstrate poorer facial emotion recognition when stimuli are human, these differences lessen when stimuli are anthropomorphic. To investigate this further, this work explores emotion recognition in autistic and neurotypical adults (n = 196). Groups were compared on a standard and a cartoon version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test. Results indicated that autistic individuals were not significantly different from neurotypicals on the standard version. However, autistic people outperformed neurotypicals on the cartoon version. The implications for these findings regarding emotion recognition deficits and the social motivation account of autism are discussed and support the view of socio-cognitive differences rather than deficits in this population. LAY SUMMARY: The Reading the Mind in the Eyes test and a cartoon version were tested on autistic and neurotypical adults. Autistic adults were not significantly different on the original test compared to neurotypicals, but they outperformed neurotypical adults on the cartoon version. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2782 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" in Autistic Adults is Modulated by Valence and Difficulty: An InFoR Study / Matias BALTAZAR in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)
[article]
Titre : "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" in Autistic Adults is Modulated by Valence and Difficulty: An InFoR Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Matias BALTAZAR, Auteur ; Marie-Maude GEOFFRAY, Auteur ; Christopher H. CHATHAM, Auteur ; Manuel P. BOUVARD, Auteur ; Axelle MARTINEZ TERUEL, Auteur ; David MONNET, Auteur ; Isabelle SCHEID, Auteur ; Eleonora MURZI, Auteur ; Sandrine COUFFIN-CADIERGUES, Auteur ; Daniel UMBRICHT, Auteur ; Lorraine MURTAGH, Auteur ; Richard DELORME, Auteur ; Myriam LY LE-MOAL, Auteur ; Marion LEBOYER, Auteur ; Anouck AMESTOY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.380-388 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Generalized Linear Mixed Model Reading the Mind in the Eyes autism spectrum disorders difficulty valence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are heterogeneous and complex neurodevelopmental conditions that urgently need reliable and sensitive measures to inform diagnosis properly. The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task (or Eyes Test from now on) is widely used for this purpose. A recent study showed that subcategories of items of the children version of the Eyes Test could be especially discriminative to distinguish ASD and control children. Here, we analyzed the performance on the Eyes Test of 30 high functioning (IQ?>?70) adults with ASD and 29 controls from the InFoR cohort multicentric study, using a Generalized Linear Mixed Model. We found that valence and difficulty modulate the performance on the Eyes Test, with easy and positive items being the most discriminative to distinguish ASD and controls. In particular, we suggest this result might be actionable to discriminate ASD patients from controls in subgroups where their overall scores show less difference with controls. We propose for future research the computation of two additional indexes when using the Eyes Test: the first focusing on the easy and positive items (applying a threshold of 70% of correct responses for these items, above which people are at very low risk of having ASD) and the second focusing on the performance gain from difficult to easy items (with a progression of less than 15% showing high risk of having ASD). Our findings open the possibility for a major change in how the Eyes Test is used to inform diagnosis in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: The Eyes Test is used worldwide to inform autism spectrum disorders (ASD) diagnosis. We show here that ASD and neurotypical adults show the most difference in performance on subgroups of items: ASD adults do not improve as expected when comparing easy and difficult items, and they do not show an improvement for items displaying a positive feeling. We advise clinicians to focus on these comparisons to increase the property of the test to distinguish people with ASD from neurotypical adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2390 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441
in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.380-388[article] "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" in Autistic Adults is Modulated by Valence and Difficulty: An InFoR Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Matias BALTAZAR, Auteur ; Marie-Maude GEOFFRAY, Auteur ; Christopher H. CHATHAM, Auteur ; Manuel P. BOUVARD, Auteur ; Axelle MARTINEZ TERUEL, Auteur ; David MONNET, Auteur ; Isabelle SCHEID, Auteur ; Eleonora MURZI, Auteur ; Sandrine COUFFIN-CADIERGUES, Auteur ; Daniel UMBRICHT, Auteur ; Lorraine MURTAGH, Auteur ; Richard DELORME, Auteur ; Myriam LY LE-MOAL, Auteur ; Marion LEBOYER, Auteur ; Anouck AMESTOY, Auteur . - p.380-388.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.380-388
Mots-clés : Generalized Linear Mixed Model Reading the Mind in the Eyes autism spectrum disorders difficulty valence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are heterogeneous and complex neurodevelopmental conditions that urgently need reliable and sensitive measures to inform diagnosis properly. The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task (or Eyes Test from now on) is widely used for this purpose. A recent study showed that subcategories of items of the children version of the Eyes Test could be especially discriminative to distinguish ASD and control children. Here, we analyzed the performance on the Eyes Test of 30 high functioning (IQ?>?70) adults with ASD and 29 controls from the InFoR cohort multicentric study, using a Generalized Linear Mixed Model. We found that valence and difficulty modulate the performance on the Eyes Test, with easy and positive items being the most discriminative to distinguish ASD and controls. In particular, we suggest this result might be actionable to discriminate ASD patients from controls in subgroups where their overall scores show less difference with controls. We propose for future research the computation of two additional indexes when using the Eyes Test: the first focusing on the easy and positive items (applying a threshold of 70% of correct responses for these items, above which people are at very low risk of having ASD) and the second focusing on the performance gain from difficult to easy items (with a progression of less than 15% showing high risk of having ASD). Our findings open the possibility for a major change in how the Eyes Test is used to inform diagnosis in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: The Eyes Test is used worldwide to inform autism spectrum disorders (ASD) diagnosis. We show here that ASD and neurotypical adults show the most difference in performance on subgroups of items: ASD adults do not improve as expected when comparing easy and difficult items, and they do not show an improvement for items displaying a positive feeling. We advise clinicians to focus on these comparisons to increase the property of the test to distinguish people with ASD from neurotypical adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2390 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 Response format changes the reading the mind in the eyes test performance of autistic and non-autistic adults / Alliyza LIM in Autism, 27-8 (November 2023)
[article]
Titre : Response format changes the reading the mind in the eyes test performance of autistic and non-autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alliyza LIM, Auteur ; Neil BREWER, Auteur ; Denise AISTROPE, Auteur ; Robyn L YOUNG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2560-2565 Mots-clés : autism reading the mind in the eyes response format theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) is a purported theory of mind measure and one that reliably differentiates autistic and non-autistic individuals. However, concerns have been raised about the validity of the measure, with some researchers suggesting that the multiple-choice format of the RMET makes it susceptible to the undue influence of compensatory strategies and verbal ability. We compared the performance of autistic (N?=?70) and non-autistic (N?=?71) adults on the 10-item multiple-choice RMET to that of a free-report version of the RMET. Both the autistic and non-autistic groups performed much better on the multiple-choice than the free-report RMET, suggesting that the multiple-choice format enables the use of additional strategies. Although verbal IQ was correlated with both multiple-choice and free-report RMET performance, controlling for verbal IQ did not undermine the ability of either version to discriminate autistic and non-autistic participants. Both RMET formats also demonstrated convergent validity with a well-validated adult measure of theory of mind. The multiple-choice RMET is, however, much simpler to administer and score.Lay abstractRecognizing and understanding the perspectives of others-also called theory of mind-is important for effective communication. Studies have found that some autistic individuals have greater difficulty with theory of mind compared to non-autistic individuals. One purported theory of mind measure is the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). This test presents participants with photographs of pairs of eyes and asks them to identify the emotion displayed by each pair of eyes from four choices. Some researchers have argued that the multiple-choice format of the RMET may not be an accurate measure of theory of mind, as participants could simply be guessing or using a process of elimination to select the correct answer. Participants may also be disadvantaged if they are not familiar with the specific emotion words used in the multiple-choice answers. We examined whether a free-report (open-ended) format RMET would be a more valid measure of theory of mind than the multiple-choice RMET. Autistic and non-autistic adults performed better on the multiple-choice RMET than the free-report RMET. However, both versions successfully differentiated autistic and non-autistic adults, irrespective of their level of verbal ability. Performance on both versions was also correlated with another well-validated adult measure of theory of mind. Thus, the RMET?s multiple-choice format does not, of itself, appear to underpin its ability to differentiate autistic and non-autistic adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231167226 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=514
in Autism > 27-8 (November 2023) . - p.2560-2565[article] Response format changes the reading the mind in the eyes test performance of autistic and non-autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alliyza LIM, Auteur ; Neil BREWER, Auteur ; Denise AISTROPE, Auteur ; Robyn L YOUNG, Auteur . - p.2560-2565.
in Autism > 27-8 (November 2023) . - p.2560-2565
Mots-clés : autism reading the mind in the eyes response format theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) is a purported theory of mind measure and one that reliably differentiates autistic and non-autistic individuals. However, concerns have been raised about the validity of the measure, with some researchers suggesting that the multiple-choice format of the RMET makes it susceptible to the undue influence of compensatory strategies and verbal ability. We compared the performance of autistic (N?=?70) and non-autistic (N?=?71) adults on the 10-item multiple-choice RMET to that of a free-report version of the RMET. Both the autistic and non-autistic groups performed much better on the multiple-choice than the free-report RMET, suggesting that the multiple-choice format enables the use of additional strategies. Although verbal IQ was correlated with both multiple-choice and free-report RMET performance, controlling for verbal IQ did not undermine the ability of either version to discriminate autistic and non-autistic participants. Both RMET formats also demonstrated convergent validity with a well-validated adult measure of theory of mind. The multiple-choice RMET is, however, much simpler to administer and score.Lay abstractRecognizing and understanding the perspectives of others-also called theory of mind-is important for effective communication. Studies have found that some autistic individuals have greater difficulty with theory of mind compared to non-autistic individuals. One purported theory of mind measure is the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). This test presents participants with photographs of pairs of eyes and asks them to identify the emotion displayed by each pair of eyes from four choices. Some researchers have argued that the multiple-choice format of the RMET may not be an accurate measure of theory of mind, as participants could simply be guessing or using a process of elimination to select the correct answer. Participants may also be disadvantaged if they are not familiar with the specific emotion words used in the multiple-choice answers. We examined whether a free-report (open-ended) format RMET would be a more valid measure of theory of mind than the multiple-choice RMET. Autistic and non-autistic adults performed better on the multiple-choice RMET than the free-report RMET. However, both versions successfully differentiated autistic and non-autistic adults, irrespective of their level of verbal ability. Performance on both versions was also correlated with another well-validated adult measure of theory of mind. Thus, the RMET?s multiple-choice format does not, of itself, appear to underpin its ability to differentiate autistic and non-autistic adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231167226 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=514 Reading the mind in the face and voice in parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Maryam TAJMIRRIYAHI in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7-12 (December 2013)
[article]
Titre : Reading the mind in the face and voice in parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maryam TAJMIRRIYAHI, Auteur ; Vahid NEJATI, Auteur ; Hamidreza POURETEMAD, Auteur ; Rouhollah Mansuri SEPEHR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1543-1550 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Theory of mind Reading the Mind in the Eyes Reading the Mind in the Voice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract One core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is impairment in social functioning and inferring mental states and emotions referred to theory of mind (TOM). The “Broad Autism Phenotype” (BAP) proposes that defining features of autism express in milder form among first degree relatives of these patients. Theory of mind deficits has been examined using advanced TOM tasks such as “Reading the Mind in the Eyes”. This study has furthered previous findings using another test designed to tap higher TOM abilities named “Mind Reading in the Voice”. The objective of this study is to examine theory of mind abilities from two main communicative sources in parents of children with ASD in contrast to two groups, one clinical and one non-clinical. Forty-eight parents of individuals with autism, 31 parents of individuals with Down syndrome and 30 parents of typically developed children were administered two tests of mind-reading. Analysis revealed that although there is not a significant difference between three groups’ performance in “Mind Reading from Eyes”, parents of children with ASD have significantly lower performance in “Mind Reading from Voice”. It can be concluded that TOM deficits in parents of children with ASD are not restricted to inferring mental states form eyes and deficits in mind-reading from voice could also be a part of BAP. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.08.007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=219
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-12 (December 2013) . - p.1543-1550[article] Reading the mind in the face and voice in parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maryam TAJMIRRIYAHI, Auteur ; Vahid NEJATI, Auteur ; Hamidreza POURETEMAD, Auteur ; Rouhollah Mansuri SEPEHR, Auteur . - p.1543-1550.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-12 (December 2013) . - p.1543-1550
Mots-clés : Autism Theory of mind Reading the Mind in the Eyes Reading the Mind in the Voice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract One core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is impairment in social functioning and inferring mental states and emotions referred to theory of mind (TOM). The “Broad Autism Phenotype” (BAP) proposes that defining features of autism express in milder form among first degree relatives of these patients. Theory of mind deficits has been examined using advanced TOM tasks such as “Reading the Mind in the Eyes”. This study has furthered previous findings using another test designed to tap higher TOM abilities named “Mind Reading in the Voice”. The objective of this study is to examine theory of mind abilities from two main communicative sources in parents of children with ASD in contrast to two groups, one clinical and one non-clinical. Forty-eight parents of individuals with autism, 31 parents of individuals with Down syndrome and 30 parents of typically developed children were administered two tests of mind-reading. Analysis revealed that although there is not a significant difference between three groups’ performance in “Mind Reading from Eyes”, parents of children with ASD have significantly lower performance in “Mind Reading from Voice”. It can be concluded that TOM deficits in parents of children with ASD are not restricted to inferring mental states form eyes and deficits in mind-reading from voice could also be a part of BAP. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.08.007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=219 Theory of Mind Performance in Broad Autism Phenotype Groups: Between-Group Differences and Predictor Variables / Amy CAMODECA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-10 (October 2019)
[article]
Titre : Theory of Mind Performance in Broad Autism Phenotype Groups: Between-Group Differences and Predictor Variables Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Amy CAMODECA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4079-4096 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism traits Broad autism phenotype Reading the mind in the eyes Theory of mind Unexpected outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Investigated between-group differences in cognitive/affective theory of mind (ToM) and predictors of cognitive ToM both within broad autism phenotype/non (BAP/Non-BAP) groups as well as across the sample. The BAP group (n = 45) performed worse than the Non-BAP group (n = 102) on the unexpected outcomes test (UOT), but groups were similar regarding reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET). Stepwise regression indicated RMET best predicted UOT for the BAP group; block design best predicted UOT in the Non-BAP group. BAP traits did not mediate the relation of RMET to UOT performance. While RMET and UOT appear similarly related in BAP/Non-BAP samples, use of emotion recognition abilities in a cognitive ToM task may reflect over-reliance on this skill in the BAP. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04126-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=407
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-10 (October 2019) . - p.4079-4096[article] Theory of Mind Performance in Broad Autism Phenotype Groups: Between-Group Differences and Predictor Variables [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Amy CAMODECA, Auteur . - p.4079-4096.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-10 (October 2019) . - p.4079-4096
Mots-clés : Autism traits Broad autism phenotype Reading the mind in the eyes Theory of mind Unexpected outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Investigated between-group differences in cognitive/affective theory of mind (ToM) and predictors of cognitive ToM both within broad autism phenotype/non (BAP/Non-BAP) groups as well as across the sample. The BAP group (n = 45) performed worse than the Non-BAP group (n = 102) on the unexpected outcomes test (UOT), but groups were similar regarding reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET). Stepwise regression indicated RMET best predicted UOT for the BAP group; block design best predicted UOT in the Non-BAP group. BAP traits did not mediate the relation of RMET to UOT performance. While RMET and UOT appear similarly related in BAP/Non-BAP samples, use of emotion recognition abilities in a cognitive ToM task may reflect over-reliance on this skill in the BAP. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04126-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=407