13 recherche sur le mot-clé 'empathizing'

A Critical Review of the Research on the Extreme Male Brain Theory and Digit Ratio (2D:4D) / Missy L. TEATERO in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-11 (November 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-11 (November 2013) . - p.2664-2676 Titre : A Critical Review of the Research on the Extreme Male Brain Theory and Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Missy L. TEATERO, Auteur ; Charles NETLEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2664-2676 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Extreme male brain  Autism spectrum  Empathizing  Systemizing  Digit ratio  2D:4D Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Boys are more likely than girls to be diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The extreme male brain (EMB) theory of ASD suggests that fetal testosterone (FT) exposure may underlie sex differences in autistic traits. A link between the organizational effects of FT on the brain and ASD is often drawn based on research using digit ratio (2D:4D), a putative biomarker, without a full survey of the findings. This paper critically and quantitatively reviews the research on the relationship between 2D:4D and ASD as well as autism spectrum, empathizing, and systemizing measures in neurotypical populations. Overall, there is some support for the EMB theory in all four areas, particularly the 2D:4D–ASD relationship. Recommendations for future research are provided. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1819-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=217 [article] A Critical Review of the Research on the Extreme Male Brain Theory and Digit Ratio (2D:4D) [texte imprimé] / Missy L. TEATERO, Auteur ; Charles NETLEY, Auteur . - p.2664-2676. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-11 (November 2013) . - p.2664-2676 Mots-clés : Extreme male brain  Autism spectrum  Empathizing  Systemizing  Digit ratio  2D:4D Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Boys are more likely than girls to be diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The extreme male brain (EMB) theory of ASD suggests that fetal testosterone (FT) exposure may underlie sex differences in autistic traits. A link between the organizational effects of FT on the brain and ASD is often drawn based on research using digit ratio (2D:4D), a putative biomarker, without a full survey of the findings. This paper critically and quantitatively reviews the research on the relationship between 2D:4D and ASD as well as autism spectrum, empathizing, and systemizing measures in neurotypical populations. Overall, there is some support for the EMB theory in all four areas, particularly the 2D:4D–ASD relationship. Recommendations for future research are provided. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1819-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=217

Digit Ratio 2D:4D in Relation to Autism Spectrum Disorders, Empathizing, and Systemizing: A Quantitative Review / Johannes HONEKOPP in Autism Research, 5-4 (August 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 5-4 (August 2012) . - p.221-30 Titre : Digit Ratio 2D:4D in Relation to Autism Spectrum Disorders, Empathizing, and Systemizing: A Quantitative Review Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Johannes HONEKOPP, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.221-30 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  digit ratio  prenatal testosterone  empathizing  systemizing  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prenatal testosterone (PT) effects have been proposed to increase systemizing (the drive to understand lawful input–output relationships), to decrease empathizing (the drive to understand others), and to cause autism via hypermasculinization of the brain. Digit ratio 2D:4D is a putative marker of PT effects in humans. An online study (n = 1896) into the relationship between the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (a widely used measure of empathizing) and self-measured 2D:4D in a nonclinical sample is reported. No evidence for a link between empathizing and 2D:4D in either females or males emerged. Further, three meta-analyses are presented that look into the relationships of 2D:4D with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), systemizing, and empathizing. 2D:4D was substantially lower (more masculine) in ASD-affected individuals than in normal controls (d = −0.58, P < 0.001). However, 2D:4D was found to be virtually unrelated to systemizing and empathizing in normal adults. The results support the idea that high PT is a risk factor for autism, but they challenge the view that PT substantially contributes to sex differences in systemizing and empathizing. Possibly, this pattern reflects an interaction effect, whereby PT drives ASD characteristic changes only in brains with a specific damage. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1230 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=179 [article] Digit Ratio 2D:4D in Relation to Autism Spectrum Disorders, Empathizing, and Systemizing: A Quantitative Review [texte imprimé] / Johannes HONEKOPP, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.221-30. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 5-4 (August 2012) . - p.221-30 Mots-clés : autism  digit ratio  prenatal testosterone  empathizing  systemizing  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prenatal testosterone (PT) effects have been proposed to increase systemizing (the drive to understand lawful input–output relationships), to decrease empathizing (the drive to understand others), and to cause autism via hypermasculinization of the brain. Digit ratio 2D:4D is a putative marker of PT effects in humans. An online study (n = 1896) into the relationship between the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (a widely used measure of empathizing) and self-measured 2D:4D in a nonclinical sample is reported. No evidence for a link between empathizing and 2D:4D in either females or males emerged. Further, three meta-analyses are presented that look into the relationships of 2D:4D with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), systemizing, and empathizing. 2D:4D was substantially lower (more masculine) in ASD-affected individuals than in normal controls (d = −0.58, P < 0.001). However, 2D:4D was found to be virtually unrelated to systemizing and empathizing in normal adults. The results support the idea that high PT is a risk factor for autism, but they challenge the view that PT substantially contributes to sex differences in systemizing and empathizing. Possibly, this pattern reflects an interaction effect, whereby PT drives ASD characteristic changes only in brains with a specific damage. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1230 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=179

Does the Extreme Male Brain Hypothesis of Autism Apply More to Females Than Males? A Systematic and Meta-Analytic Approach / Cory SZAKAL in Autism Research, 19-4 (April 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 19-4 (April 2026) . - e70198 Titre : Does the Extreme Male Brain Hypothesis of Autism Apply More to Females Than Males? A Systematic and Meta-Analytic Approach Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cory SZAKAL, Auteur ; Bernard CRESPI, Auteur Article en page(s) : e70198 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  empathizing  extreme male brain  prenatal testosterone  systemizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT The extreme male brain (EMB) hypothesis posits that autism risk is mediated by high systemizing and low empathizing. This hypothesis has accrued extensive support, but the degree to which it applies in females compared to males, and the relative extent to which autism is associated with empathizing compared to systemizing, is unclear. Systematic review and meta-analyses of studies measuring the empathy quotient (EQ), the systemizing quotient (SQ), and the autism quotient (AQ), among individuals with autism and neurotypical individuals, were used to address these questions. Analyses of results from 34 studies indicated that: (1) Females show larger proportional differences in EQ and SQ between ASD and NT individuals than do males, (2) EQ shows larger proportional differences between autism spectrum (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) individuals than does SQ, (3) sex differences in EQ and SQ are highly attenuated among individuals with ASD, especially for SQ in females, (4) the regressions of EQ and SQ on AQ show significantly steeper slopes among individuals with ASD than in NT individuals, and (5) across studies, EQ and SQ are inversely associated among individuals with ASD, but not in NT individuals. These results provide new insights into the causes of ASD and its male bias. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70198 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=585 [article] Does the Extreme Male Brain Hypothesis of Autism Apply More to Females Than Males? A Systematic and Meta-Analytic Approach [texte imprimé] / Cory SZAKAL, Auteur ; Bernard CRESPI, Auteur . - e70198. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 19-4 (April 2026) . - e70198 Mots-clés : autism  empathizing  extreme male brain  prenatal testosterone  systemizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT The extreme male brain (EMB) hypothesis posits that autism risk is mediated by high systemizing and low empathizing. This hypothesis has accrued extensive support, but the degree to which it applies in females compared to males, and the relative extent to which autism is associated with empathizing compared to systemizing, is unclear. Systematic review and meta-analyses of studies measuring the empathy quotient (EQ), the systemizing quotient (SQ), and the autism quotient (AQ), among individuals with autism and neurotypical individuals, were used to address these questions. Analyses of results from 34 studies indicated that: (1) Females show larger proportional differences in EQ and SQ between ASD and NT individuals than do males, (2) EQ shows larger proportional differences between autism spectrum (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) individuals than does SQ, (3) sex differences in EQ and SQ are highly attenuated among individuals with ASD, especially for SQ in females, (4) the regressions of EQ and SQ on AQ show significantly steeper slopes among individuals with ASD than in NT individuals, and (5) across studies, EQ and SQ are inversely associated among individuals with ASD, but not in NT individuals. These results provide new insights into the causes of ASD and its male bias. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70198 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=585

Empathizing and Systemizing in Adults with and without Autism Spectrum Conditions: Cross-Cultural Stability / Akio WAKABAYASHI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37-10 (November 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 37-10 (November 2007) . - p.1823-1832 Titre : Empathizing and Systemizing in Adults with and without Autism Spectrum Conditions: Cross-Cultural Stability Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Akio WAKABAYASHI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sally WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur ; Tokio UCHIYAMA, Auteur ; Yuko YOSHIDA, Auteur ; Miho KURODA, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1823-1832 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Empathizing Systemizing Autism Asperger-syndrome Autism-spectrum-conditions Cognitive-style Sex-differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study tests the empathizing-systemizing (E-S) theory of sex differences and the extreme male brain (EMB) theory of autism. Three groups of participants took part: n = 48 people with autism spectrum, n = 137 general population controls, and n = 1,250 university student controls. Each participant completed the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ). Results: The autism spectrum condition (ASC) group scored significantly lower than controls on the EQ, and significantly higher on the SQ. Among both control groups, females scored significantly higher than males on the EQ, whilst males scored significantly higher than females on the SQ. The distribution of ‘brain types’, based on the difference between EQ and SQ scores, showed distinct profiles for people with ASC, control males and control females. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0316-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Empathizing and Systemizing in Adults with and without Autism Spectrum Conditions: Cross-Cultural Stability [texte imprimé] / Akio WAKABAYASHI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sally WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur ; Tokio UCHIYAMA, Auteur ; Yuko YOSHIDA, Auteur ; Miho KURODA, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1823-1832. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 37-10 (November 2007) . - p.1823-1832 Mots-clés : Empathizing Systemizing Autism Asperger-syndrome Autism-spectrum-conditions Cognitive-style Sex-differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study tests the empathizing-systemizing (E-S) theory of sex differences and the extreme male brain (EMB) theory of autism. Three groups of participants took part: n = 48 people with autism spectrum, n = 137 general population controls, and n = 1,250 university student controls. Each participant completed the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ). Results: The autism spectrum condition (ASC) group scored significantly lower than controls on the EQ, and significantly higher on the SQ. Among both control groups, females scored significantly higher than males on the EQ, whilst males scored significantly higher than females on the SQ. The distribution of ‘brain types’, based on the difference between EQ and SQ scores, showed distinct profiles for people with ASC, control males and control females. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0316-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

Gender differences in childhood play: Quantitative and text-mining analyses of early play experiences and their associations with ASD-related traits / Chieko KANAI in Research in Autism, 132 (April 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism > 132 (April 2026) . - 202839 Titre : Gender differences in childhood play: Quantitative and text-mining analyses of early play experiences and their associations with ASD-related traits Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Chieko KANAI, Auteur ; Miu YAMASHITA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 202839 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Childhood play  Gender differences  ASD-related traits  Empathizing–systemizing  Text mining  KH Coder Résumé : Gender differences in childhood play have long been recognized, yet few studies have examined how these early play tendencies relate to autistic spectrum disorder (ASD)–related traits later in life, particularly from a developmental perspective that links early experiences with adult cognitive characteristics. The present study explored gender differences in play styles and their associations with ASD-related cognitive characteristics using both quantitative and text-mining approaches. Participants were 135 young adults (52 males and 83 females, aged 18–29 years) who completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Empathy Quotient (EQ), and Systemizing Quotient (SQ), and provided open-ended descriptions of memorable play experiences from early childhood. Quantitative analyses showed that males scored significantly higher on the AQ and SQ, whereas females scored higher on the EQ and reported more frequent engagement in social and cooperative play. Regression analyses further indicated that stronger systemizing tendencies and lower levels of social play were associated with higher ASD-related traits, particularly among males. Text-mining analyses of a subsample (19 males, 23 females) yielded consistent results: males most often recalled competitive and rule-based play (e.g., games, competition, sports), while females described imaginative, cooperative, and socially interactive play (e.g., friends, pretend play, drawing). Together, these findings suggest that gender differences in play reflect underlying empathizing–systemizing cognitive orientations, highlighting the developmental significance of childhood play experiences in relation to ASD-related traits. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2026.202839 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=583 [article] Gender differences in childhood play: Quantitative and text-mining analyses of early play experiences and their associations with ASD-related traits [texte imprimé] / Chieko KANAI, Auteur ; Miu YAMASHITA, Auteur . - 202839. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism > 132 (April 2026) . - 202839 Mots-clés : Childhood play  Gender differences  ASD-related traits  Empathizing–systemizing  Text mining  KH Coder Résumé : Gender differences in childhood play have long been recognized, yet few studies have examined how these early play tendencies relate to autistic spectrum disorder (ASD)–related traits later in life, particularly from a developmental perspective that links early experiences with adult cognitive characteristics. The present study explored gender differences in play styles and their associations with ASD-related cognitive characteristics using both quantitative and text-mining approaches. Participants were 135 young adults (52 males and 83 females, aged 18–29 years) who completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Empathy Quotient (EQ), and Systemizing Quotient (SQ), and provided open-ended descriptions of memorable play experiences from early childhood. Quantitative analyses showed that males scored significantly higher on the AQ and SQ, whereas females scored higher on the EQ and reported more frequent engagement in social and cooperative play. Regression analyses further indicated that stronger systemizing tendencies and lower levels of social play were associated with higher ASD-related traits, particularly among males. Text-mining analyses of a subsample (19 males, 23 females) yielded consistent results: males most often recalled competitive and rule-based play (e.g., games, competition, sports), while females described imaginative, cooperative, and socially interactive play (e.g., friends, pretend play, drawing). Together, these findings suggest that gender differences in play reflect underlying empathizing–systemizing cognitive orientations, highlighting the developmental significance of childhood play experiences in relation to ASD-related traits. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2026.202839 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=583

Moral foundations in autistic people and people with systemizing minds / Yeshaya David M. GREENBERG in Molecular Autism, 15 (2024)  

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More than maths and mindreading: Sex differences in empathizing/systemizing covariance / Jeffrey M. VALLA in Autism Research, 3-4 (August 2010)  

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Over-Selectivity is Related to Autism Quotient and Empathizing, But not to Systematizing / Phil REED in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-4 (April 2017)  

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Sex differences in children with autism spectrum disorders compared with their unaffected siblings and typically developing children / Subin PARK in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6-2 (April-June 2012)  

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Testing the Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Familial Design / Ingeborg HAUTH in Autism Research, 7-4 (August 2014)  

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