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Facial expression recognition as a candidate marker for autism spectrum disorder: how frequent and severe are deficits? / E. LOTH in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)
[article]
Titre : Facial expression recognition as a candidate marker for autism spectrum disorder: how frequent and severe are deficits? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. LOTH, Auteur ; L. GARRIDO, Auteur ; Jumana AHMAD, Auteur ; E. WATSON, Auteur ; A. DUFF, Auteur ; B. DUCHAINE, Auteur Article en page(s) : 7p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum disorder Biomarker Facial expression recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Impairments in social communication are a core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Because the ability to infer other people's emotions from their facial expressions is critical for many aspects of social communication, deficits in expression recognition are a plausible candidate marker for ASD. However, previous studies on facial expression recognition produced mixed results, which may be due to differences in the sensitivity of the many tests used and/or the heterogeneity among individuals with ASD. To ascertain whether expression recognition may serve as a diagnostic marker (which distinguishes people with ASD from a comparison group) or a stratification marker (which helps to divide ASD into more homogeneous subgroups), a crucial first step is to move beyond identification of mean group differences and to better understand the frequency and severity of impairments. Methods: This study tested 46 individuals with ASD and 52 age- and IQ-matched typically developing (TD) participants on the Films Expression Task, which combines three key features of real-life expression recognition: naturalistic facial expressions, a broad range of simple and complex emotions, and short presentation time. Test-retest reliability was assessed in 28 individuals who did not participate in the main study and revealed acceptable reliability (ICC r = .74). Results: Case-control comparisons showed highly significant mean group differences for accuracy (p = 1.1 x 10(- 10)), with an effect size (Cohen's d = 1.6), more than twice as large as the mean effect size reported in a previous meta-analysis (Uljarevic and Hamilton, 2012, J Autism Dev Disord). The ASD group also had significantly increased mean reaction times overall (p = .00015, d = .83) and on correct trials (p = .0002, d = .78). However, whereas 63% of people with ASD showed severe deficits (they performed below two standard deviations of the TD mean, a small subgroup (15.3%) performed normally (within one standard deviation of the mean). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the majority of people with ASD have severe expression recognition deficits and that the Films Expression Test is a sensitive task for biomarker research in ASD. Future work is needed to establish whether ASD subgroups with and without expression recognition deficits differ from one another in terms of their symptom profile or neurobiological underpinnings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0187-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=354
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 7p.[article] Facial expression recognition as a candidate marker for autism spectrum disorder: how frequent and severe are deficits? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. LOTH, Auteur ; L. GARRIDO, Auteur ; Jumana AHMAD, Auteur ; E. WATSON, Auteur ; A. DUFF, Auteur ; B. DUCHAINE, Auteur . - 7p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 7p.
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum disorder Biomarker Facial expression recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Impairments in social communication are a core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Because the ability to infer other people's emotions from their facial expressions is critical for many aspects of social communication, deficits in expression recognition are a plausible candidate marker for ASD. However, previous studies on facial expression recognition produced mixed results, which may be due to differences in the sensitivity of the many tests used and/or the heterogeneity among individuals with ASD. To ascertain whether expression recognition may serve as a diagnostic marker (which distinguishes people with ASD from a comparison group) or a stratification marker (which helps to divide ASD into more homogeneous subgroups), a crucial first step is to move beyond identification of mean group differences and to better understand the frequency and severity of impairments. Methods: This study tested 46 individuals with ASD and 52 age- and IQ-matched typically developing (TD) participants on the Films Expression Task, which combines three key features of real-life expression recognition: naturalistic facial expressions, a broad range of simple and complex emotions, and short presentation time. Test-retest reliability was assessed in 28 individuals who did not participate in the main study and revealed acceptable reliability (ICC r = .74). Results: Case-control comparisons showed highly significant mean group differences for accuracy (p = 1.1 x 10(- 10)), with an effect size (Cohen's d = 1.6), more than twice as large as the mean effect size reported in a previous meta-analysis (Uljarevic and Hamilton, 2012, J Autism Dev Disord). The ASD group also had significantly increased mean reaction times overall (p = .00015, d = .83) and on correct trials (p = .0002, d = .78). However, whereas 63% of people with ASD showed severe deficits (they performed below two standard deviations of the TD mean, a small subgroup (15.3%) performed normally (within one standard deviation of the mean). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the majority of people with ASD have severe expression recognition deficits and that the Films Expression Test is a sensitive task for biomarker research in ASD. Future work is needed to establish whether ASD subgroups with and without expression recognition deficits differ from one another in terms of their symptom profile or neurobiological underpinnings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0187-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=354 Facial expression recognition is linked to clinical and neurofunctional differences in autism / Hannah MEYER-LINDENBERG in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)
[article]
Titre : Facial expression recognition is linked to clinical and neurofunctional differences in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hannah MEYER-LINDENBERG, Auteur ; Carolin MOESSNANG, Auteur ; Bethany OAKLEY, Auteur ; Jumana AHMAD, Auteur ; Luke MASON, Auteur ; Emily J. H. JONES, Auteur ; Hannah L. HAYWARD, Auteur ; Jennifer COOKE, Auteur ; Daisy CRAWLEY, Auteur ; Rosemary HOLT, Auteur ; Julian TILLMANN, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Christian BECKMANN, Auteur ; Heike TOST, Auteur ; Andreas MEYER-LINDENBERG, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Declan G. MURPHY, Auteur ; Michael J. BRAMMER, Auteur ; Eva LOTH, Auteur Article en page(s) : 43 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans Facial Recognition Autistic Disorder/diagnostic imaging Emotions Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods Biomarkers Autism Spectrum Disorder Facial Expression Autism Autism spectrum disorder Clustering analysis Development Facial expression recognition Multi-site Social brain Stratification biomarkers fMRI consultant to F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. and Servier and has received royalties from Sage Publications and Guilford Publications. TB served in an advisory or consultancy role for Lundbeck, Medice, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Oberberg GmbH, Takeda, and Infectopharm. He received conference support or speaker’s fee by Lilly, Medice, and Takeda. He received royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, Oxford University Press the present work is unrelated to these relationships. AM-L has received consultant fees in the past two years from Boehringer Ingelheim, Elsevier, Lundbeck Int. Neuroscience Foundation, Lundbeck AS, The Wolfson Foundation, Thieme Verlag, Sage Therapeutics, von Behring Stiftung, Fondation FondaMental, Janssen-Cilag GmbH, MedinCell, Brain Mind Institute, CISSN. Furthermore, he has received speaker fees from Italian Society of biological Psychiatry, Merz-Stiftung, Forum Werkstatt Karlsruhe, Lundbeck SAS France, BAG Psychiatrie Oberbayern. JB has been in the past 3 years a consultant to/member of advisory board of/and/or speaker for Takeda/Shire, Roche, Medice, Angelini, Janssen, and Servier. He is not an employee of any of these companies, and not a stock shareholder of any of these companies. He has no other financial or material support, including expert testimony, patents, royalties. EL is an Associate Editor at Molecular Autism. DM has been paid for advisory board work by F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. and Servier, and for editorial work by Springer. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Difficulties in social communication are a defining clinical feature of autism. However, the underlying neurobiological heterogeneity has impeded targeted therapies and requires new approaches to identifying clinically relevant bio-behavioural subgroups. In the largest autism cohort to date, we comprehensively examined difficulties in facial expression recognition, a key process in social communication, as a bio-behavioural stratification biomarker, and validated them against clinical features and neurofunctional responses. METHODS: Between 255 and 488 participants aged 6-30 years with autism, typical development and/or mild intellectual disability completed the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces task, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task and/or the Films Expression Task. We first examined mean-group differences on each test. Then, we used a novel intersection approach that compares two centroid and connectivity-based clustering methods to derive subgroups based on the combined performance across the three tasks. Measures and subgroups were then related to clinical features and neurofunctional differences measured using fMRI during a fearful face-matching task. RESULTS: We found significant mean-group differences on each expression recognition test. However, cluster analyses showed that these were driven by a low-performing autistic subgroup (~ 30% of autistic individuals who performed below 2SDs of the neurotypical mean on at least one test), while a larger subgroup (~ 70%) performed within 1SD on at least 2 tests. The low-performing subgroup also had on average significantly more social communication difficulties and lower activation in the amygdala and fusiform gyrus than the high-performing subgroup. LIMITATIONS: Findings of autism expression recognition subgroups and their characteristics require independent replication. This is currently not possible, as there is no other existing dataset that includes all relevant measures. However, we demonstrated high internal robustness (91.6%) of findings between two clustering methods with fundamentally different assumptions, which is a critical pre-condition for independent replication. CONCLUSIONS: We identified a subgroup of autistic individuals with expression recognition difficulties and showed that this related to clinical and neurobiological characteristics. If replicated, expression recognition may serve as bio-behavioural stratification biomarker and aid in the development of targeted interventions for a subgroup of autistic individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00520-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 43 p.[article] Facial expression recognition is linked to clinical and neurofunctional differences in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hannah MEYER-LINDENBERG, Auteur ; Carolin MOESSNANG, Auteur ; Bethany OAKLEY, Auteur ; Jumana AHMAD, Auteur ; Luke MASON, Auteur ; Emily J. H. JONES, Auteur ; Hannah L. HAYWARD, Auteur ; Jennifer COOKE, Auteur ; Daisy CRAWLEY, Auteur ; Rosemary HOLT, Auteur ; Julian TILLMANN, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Christian BECKMANN, Auteur ; Heike TOST, Auteur ; Andreas MEYER-LINDENBERG, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Declan G. MURPHY, Auteur ; Michael J. BRAMMER, Auteur ; Eva LOTH, Auteur . - 43 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 43 p.
Mots-clés : Humans Facial Recognition Autistic Disorder/diagnostic imaging Emotions Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods Biomarkers Autism Spectrum Disorder Facial Expression Autism Autism spectrum disorder Clustering analysis Development Facial expression recognition Multi-site Social brain Stratification biomarkers fMRI consultant to F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. and Servier and has received royalties from Sage Publications and Guilford Publications. TB served in an advisory or consultancy role for Lundbeck, Medice, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Oberberg GmbH, Takeda, and Infectopharm. He received conference support or speaker’s fee by Lilly, Medice, and Takeda. He received royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, Oxford University Press the present work is unrelated to these relationships. AM-L has received consultant fees in the past two years from Boehringer Ingelheim, Elsevier, Lundbeck Int. Neuroscience Foundation, Lundbeck AS, The Wolfson Foundation, Thieme Verlag, Sage Therapeutics, von Behring Stiftung, Fondation FondaMental, Janssen-Cilag GmbH, MedinCell, Brain Mind Institute, CISSN. Furthermore, he has received speaker fees from Italian Society of biological Psychiatry, Merz-Stiftung, Forum Werkstatt Karlsruhe, Lundbeck SAS France, BAG Psychiatrie Oberbayern. JB has been in the past 3 years a consultant to/member of advisory board of/and/or speaker for Takeda/Shire, Roche, Medice, Angelini, Janssen, and Servier. He is not an employee of any of these companies, and not a stock shareholder of any of these companies. He has no other financial or material support, including expert testimony, patents, royalties. EL is an Associate Editor at Molecular Autism. DM has been paid for advisory board work by F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. and Servier, and for editorial work by Springer. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Difficulties in social communication are a defining clinical feature of autism. However, the underlying neurobiological heterogeneity has impeded targeted therapies and requires new approaches to identifying clinically relevant bio-behavioural subgroups. In the largest autism cohort to date, we comprehensively examined difficulties in facial expression recognition, a key process in social communication, as a bio-behavioural stratification biomarker, and validated them against clinical features and neurofunctional responses. METHODS: Between 255 and 488 participants aged 6-30 years with autism, typical development and/or mild intellectual disability completed the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces task, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task and/or the Films Expression Task. We first examined mean-group differences on each test. Then, we used a novel intersection approach that compares two centroid and connectivity-based clustering methods to derive subgroups based on the combined performance across the three tasks. Measures and subgroups were then related to clinical features and neurofunctional differences measured using fMRI during a fearful face-matching task. RESULTS: We found significant mean-group differences on each expression recognition test. However, cluster analyses showed that these were driven by a low-performing autistic subgroup (~ 30% of autistic individuals who performed below 2SDs of the neurotypical mean on at least one test), while a larger subgroup (~ 70%) performed within 1SD on at least 2 tests. The low-performing subgroup also had on average significantly more social communication difficulties and lower activation in the amygdala and fusiform gyrus than the high-performing subgroup. LIMITATIONS: Findings of autism expression recognition subgroups and their characteristics require independent replication. This is currently not possible, as there is no other existing dataset that includes all relevant measures. However, we demonstrated high internal robustness (91.6%) of findings between two clustering methods with fundamentally different assumptions, which is a critical pre-condition for independent replication. CONCLUSIONS: We identified a subgroup of autistic individuals with expression recognition difficulties and showed that this related to clinical and neurobiological characteristics. If replicated, expression recognition may serve as bio-behavioural stratification biomarker and aid in the development of targeted interventions for a subgroup of autistic individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00520-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 Common and unique impairments in facial-expression recognition in pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified and Asperger's disorder / Shota UONO in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7-2 (February 2013)
[article]
Titre : Common and unique impairments in facial-expression recognition in pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified and Asperger's disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Shota UONO, Auteur ; Wataru SATO, Auteur ; Motomi TOICHI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.361-368 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asperger's disorder Facial expression recognition Pervasive developmental disorder Pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was designed to identify specific difficulties and associated features related to the problems with social interaction experienced by individuals with pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) using an emotion-recognition task. We compared individuals with PDD-NOS or Asperger's disorder (ASP) and typically developing individuals in terms of their ability to recognize facial expressions conveying the six basic emotions. Individuals with PDD-NOS and ASP were worse at recognizing fearful faces than were controls. Individuals with PDD-NOS were less accurate in recognizing disgusted faces than were those with ASP. The results suggest that PDD subtypes are characterized by shared and unique impairments in the ability to recognize facial expressions. Furthermore, the ability to recognize fearful but not disgusted expressions was negatively correlated with the severity of social dysfunction in PDD-NOS and ASP. The results suggest that impaired recognition of fearful and disgusted faces may reflect the severity of social dysfunction across PDD subtypes and the specific problems associated with PDD-NOS, respectively. Characteristics associated with different levels of symptom severity in PDD-NOS are discussed in terms of similarities with brain damage and other psychiatric disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2012.10.007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-2 (February 2013) . - p.361-368[article] Common and unique impairments in facial-expression recognition in pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified and Asperger's disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Shota UONO, Auteur ; Wataru SATO, Auteur ; Motomi TOICHI, Auteur . - p.361-368.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-2 (February 2013) . - p.361-368
Mots-clés : Asperger's disorder Facial expression recognition Pervasive developmental disorder Pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was designed to identify specific difficulties and associated features related to the problems with social interaction experienced by individuals with pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) using an emotion-recognition task. We compared individuals with PDD-NOS or Asperger's disorder (ASP) and typically developing individuals in terms of their ability to recognize facial expressions conveying the six basic emotions. Individuals with PDD-NOS and ASP were worse at recognizing fearful faces than were controls. Individuals with PDD-NOS were less accurate in recognizing disgusted faces than were those with ASP. The results suggest that PDD subtypes are characterized by shared and unique impairments in the ability to recognize facial expressions. Furthermore, the ability to recognize fearful but not disgusted expressions was negatively correlated with the severity of social dysfunction in PDD-NOS and ASP. The results suggest that impaired recognition of fearful and disgusted faces may reflect the severity of social dysfunction across PDD subtypes and the specific problems associated with PDD-NOS, respectively. Characteristics associated with different levels of symptom severity in PDD-NOS are discussed in terms of similarities with brain damage and other psychiatric disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2012.10.007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 Investigating automatic emotion processing in boys with autism via eye tracking and facial mimicry recordings / S. VAN DER DONCK in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)
[article]
Titre : Investigating automatic emotion processing in boys with autism via eye tracking and facial mimicry recordings Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. VAN DER DONCK, Auteur ; S. VETTORI, Auteur ; M. DZHELYOVA, Auteur ; S. S. MAHDI, Auteur ; P. CLAES, Auteur ; J. STEYAERT, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1404-1420 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Autistic Disorder/complications Child Emotions Eye-Tracking Technology Facial Expression Facial Recognition Humans Male autism spectrum disorder emotion processing eye tracking facial expression recognition facial mimicry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Difficulties in automatic emotion processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might remain concealed in behavioral studies due to compensatory strategies. To gain more insight in the mechanisms underlying facial emotion recognition, we recorded eye tracking and facial mimicry data of 20 school-aged boys with ASD and 20 matched typically developing controls while performing an explicit emotion recognition task. Proportional looking times to specific face regions (eyes, nose, and mouth) and face exploration dynamics were analyzed. In addition, facial mimicry was assessed. Boys with ASD and controls were equally capable to recognize expressions and did not differ in proportional looking times, and number and duration of fixations. Yet, specific facial expressions elicited particular gaze patterns, especially within the control group. Both groups showed similar face scanning dynamics, although boys with ASD demonstrated smaller saccadic amplitudes. Regarding the facial mimicry, we found no emotion specific facial responses and no group differences in the responses to the displayed facial expressions. Our results indicate that boys with and without ASD employ similar eye gaze strategies to recognize facial expressions. Smaller saccadic amplitudes in boys with ASD might indicate a less exploratory face processing strategy. Yet, this slightly more persistent visual scanning behavior in boys with ASD does not imply less efficient emotion information processing, given the similar behavioral performance. Results on the facial mimicry data indicate similar facial responses to emotional faces in boys with and without ASD. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated (i) whether boys with and without autism apply different face exploration strategies when recognizing facial expressions and (ii) whether they mimic the displayed facial expression to a similar extent. We found that boys with and without ASD recognize facial expressions equally well, and that both groups show similar facial reactions to the displayed facial emotions. Yet, boys with ASD visually explored the faces slightly less than the boys without ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2490 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449
in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1404-1420[article] Investigating automatic emotion processing in boys with autism via eye tracking and facial mimicry recordings [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. VAN DER DONCK, Auteur ; S. VETTORI, Auteur ; M. DZHELYOVA, Auteur ; S. S. MAHDI, Auteur ; P. CLAES, Auteur ; J. STEYAERT, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur . - p.1404-1420.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1404-1420
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Autistic Disorder/complications Child Emotions Eye-Tracking Technology Facial Expression Facial Recognition Humans Male autism spectrum disorder emotion processing eye tracking facial expression recognition facial mimicry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Difficulties in automatic emotion processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might remain concealed in behavioral studies due to compensatory strategies. To gain more insight in the mechanisms underlying facial emotion recognition, we recorded eye tracking and facial mimicry data of 20 school-aged boys with ASD and 20 matched typically developing controls while performing an explicit emotion recognition task. Proportional looking times to specific face regions (eyes, nose, and mouth) and face exploration dynamics were analyzed. In addition, facial mimicry was assessed. Boys with ASD and controls were equally capable to recognize expressions and did not differ in proportional looking times, and number and duration of fixations. Yet, specific facial expressions elicited particular gaze patterns, especially within the control group. Both groups showed similar face scanning dynamics, although boys with ASD demonstrated smaller saccadic amplitudes. Regarding the facial mimicry, we found no emotion specific facial responses and no group differences in the responses to the displayed facial expressions. Our results indicate that boys with and without ASD employ similar eye gaze strategies to recognize facial expressions. Smaller saccadic amplitudes in boys with ASD might indicate a less exploratory face processing strategy. Yet, this slightly more persistent visual scanning behavior in boys with ASD does not imply less efficient emotion information processing, given the similar behavioral performance. Results on the facial mimicry data indicate similar facial responses to emotional faces in boys with and without ASD. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated (i) whether boys with and without autism apply different face exploration strategies when recognizing facial expressions and (ii) whether they mimic the displayed facial expression to a similar extent. We found that boys with and without ASD recognize facial expressions equally well, and that both groups show similar facial reactions to the displayed facial emotions. Yet, boys with ASD visually explored the faces slightly less than the boys without ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2490 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449