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Context processing in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: How complex could it be? / Dekel BEN-YOSEF in Autism Research, 10-3 (March 2017)
[article]
Titre : Context processing in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: How complex could it be? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dekel BEN-YOSEF, Auteur ; David ANAKI, Auteur ; Ofer GOLAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.520-530 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder context processing priming central coherence social cognition complexity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ability of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to process context has long been debated: According to the Weak Central Coherence theory, ASD is characterized by poor global processing, and consequently—poor context processing. In contrast, the Social Cognition theory argues individuals with ASD will present difficulties only in social context processing. The complexity theory of autism suggests context processing in ASD will depend on task complexity. The current study examined this controversy through two priming tasks, one presenting human stimuli (facial expressions) and the other presenting non-human stimuli (animal faces). Both tasks presented visual targets, preceded by congruent, incongruent, or neutral auditory primes. Local and global processing were examined by presenting the visual targets in three spatial frequency conditions: High frequency, low frequency, and broadband. Tasks were administered to 16 adolescents with high functioning ASD and 16 matched typically developing adolescents. Reaction time and accuracy were measured for each task in each condition. Results indicated that individuals with ASD processed context for both human and non-human stimuli, except in one condition, in which human stimuli had to be processed globally (i.e., target presented in low frequency). The task demands presented in this condition, and the performance deficit shown in the ASD group as a result, could be understood in terms of cognitive overload. These findings provide support for the complexity theory of autism and extend it. Our results also demonstrate how associative priming could support intact context processing of human and non-human stimuli in individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1676 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=304
in Autism Research > 10-3 (March 2017) . - p.520-530[article] Context processing in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: How complex could it be? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dekel BEN-YOSEF, Auteur ; David ANAKI, Auteur ; Ofer GOLAN, Auteur . - p.520-530.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 10-3 (March 2017) . - p.520-530
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder context processing priming central coherence social cognition complexity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ability of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to process context has long been debated: According to the Weak Central Coherence theory, ASD is characterized by poor global processing, and consequently—poor context processing. In contrast, the Social Cognition theory argues individuals with ASD will present difficulties only in social context processing. The complexity theory of autism suggests context processing in ASD will depend on task complexity. The current study examined this controversy through two priming tasks, one presenting human stimuli (facial expressions) and the other presenting non-human stimuli (animal faces). Both tasks presented visual targets, preceded by congruent, incongruent, or neutral auditory primes. Local and global processing were examined by presenting the visual targets in three spatial frequency conditions: High frequency, low frequency, and broadband. Tasks were administered to 16 adolescents with high functioning ASD and 16 matched typically developing adolescents. Reaction time and accuracy were measured for each task in each condition. Results indicated that individuals with ASD processed context for both human and non-human stimuli, except in one condition, in which human stimuli had to be processed globally (i.e., target presented in low frequency). The task demands presented in this condition, and the performance deficit shown in the ASD group as a result, could be understood in terms of cognitive overload. These findings provide support for the complexity theory of autism and extend it. Our results also demonstrate how associative priming could support intact context processing of human and non-human stimuli in individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1676 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=304 Slowed Search in the Context of Unimpaired Grouping in Autism: Evidence from Multiple Conjunction Search / Brandon KEEHN in Autism Research, 9-3 (March 2016)
[article]
Titre : Slowed Search in the Context of Unimpaired Grouping in Autism: Evidence from Multiple Conjunction Search Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Brandon KEEHN, Auteur ; Robert M. JOSEPH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.333-339 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism attention visual search perceptual grouping priming Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In multiple conjunction search, the target is not known in advance but is defined only with respect to the distractors in a given search array, thus reducing the contributions of bottom-up and top-down attentional and perceptual processes during search. This study investigated whether the superior visual search skills typically demonstrated by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) would be evident in multiple conjunction search. Thirty-two children with ASD and 32 age- and nonverbal IQ-matched typically developing (TD) children were administered a multiple conjunction search task. Contrary to findings from the large majority of studies on visual search in ASD, response times of individuals with ASD were significantly slower than those of their TD peers. Evidence of slowed performance in ASD suggests that the mechanisms responsible for superior ASD performance in other visual search paradigms are not available in multiple conjunction search. Although the ASD group failed to exhibit superior performance, they showed efficient search and intertrial priming levels similar to the TD group. Efficient search indicates that ASD participants were able to group distractors into distinct subsets. In summary, while demonstrating grouping and priming effects comparable to those exhibited by their TD peers, children with ASD were slowed in their performance on a multiple conjunction search task, suggesting that their usual superior performance in visual search tasks is specifically dependent on top-down and/or bottom-up attentional and perceptual processes. Autism Res 2016, 9: 333–339. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1534 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285
in Autism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.333-339[article] Slowed Search in the Context of Unimpaired Grouping in Autism: Evidence from Multiple Conjunction Search [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Brandon KEEHN, Auteur ; Robert M. JOSEPH, Auteur . - p.333-339.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.333-339
Mots-clés : autism attention visual search perceptual grouping priming Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In multiple conjunction search, the target is not known in advance but is defined only with respect to the distractors in a given search array, thus reducing the contributions of bottom-up and top-down attentional and perceptual processes during search. This study investigated whether the superior visual search skills typically demonstrated by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) would be evident in multiple conjunction search. Thirty-two children with ASD and 32 age- and nonverbal IQ-matched typically developing (TD) children were administered a multiple conjunction search task. Contrary to findings from the large majority of studies on visual search in ASD, response times of individuals with ASD were significantly slower than those of their TD peers. Evidence of slowed performance in ASD suggests that the mechanisms responsible for superior ASD performance in other visual search paradigms are not available in multiple conjunction search. Although the ASD group failed to exhibit superior performance, they showed efficient search and intertrial priming levels similar to the TD group. Efficient search indicates that ASD participants were able to group distractors into distinct subsets. In summary, while demonstrating grouping and priming effects comparable to those exhibited by their TD peers, children with ASD were slowed in their performance on a multiple conjunction search task, suggesting that their usual superior performance in visual search tasks is specifically dependent on top-down and/or bottom-up attentional and perceptual processes. Autism Res 2016, 9: 333–339. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1534 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285