Autistic traits are related to worse performance in a volatile reward learning task despite adaptive learning rates / Judith GORIS in Autism, 25-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 25-2 (February 2021) . - p.440-451 Titre : Autistic traits are related to worse performance in a volatile reward learning task despite adaptive learning rates Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Judith GORIS, Auteur ; Massimo SILVETTI, Auteur ; Tom VERGUTS, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur ; Senne BRAEM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.440-451 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  learning rate  reward decision-making Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent theories propose that autism is characterized by an impairment in determining when to learn and when not. Here, we investigated this hypothesis by estimating learning rates (i.e. the speed with which one learns) in three different environments that differed in rule stability and uncertainty. We found that neurotypical participants with more autistic traits performed worse in a volatile environment (with unstable rules), as they chose less often for the most rewarding option. Exploratory analyses indicated that performance was specifically worse when reward rules were opposite to those initially learned for participants with more autistic traits. However, there were no differences in the adjustment of learning rates between participants with more versus less autistic traits. Together, these results suggest that performance in volatile environments is lower in participants with more autistic traits, but that this performance difference cannot be unambiguously explained by an impairment in adjusting learning rates. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320962237 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=442 [article] Autistic traits are related to worse performance in a volatile reward learning task despite adaptive learning rates [texte imprimé] / Judith GORIS, Auteur ; Massimo SILVETTI, Auteur ; Tom VERGUTS, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur ; Senne BRAEM, Auteur . - p.440-451. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 25-2 (February 2021) . - p.440-451 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  learning rate  reward decision-making Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent theories propose that autism is characterized by an impairment in determining when to learn and when not. Here, we investigated this hypothesis by estimating learning rates (i.e. the speed with which one learns) in three different environments that differed in rule stability and uncertainty. We found that neurotypical participants with more autistic traits performed worse in a volatile environment (with unstable rules), as they chose less often for the most rewarding option. Exploratory analyses indicated that performance was specifically worse when reward rules were opposite to those initially learned for participants with more autistic traits. However, there were no differences in the adjustment of learning rates between participants with more versus less autistic traits. Together, these results suggest that performance in volatile environments is lower in participants with more autistic traits, but that this performance difference cannot be unambiguously explained by an impairment in adjusting learning rates. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320962237 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=442

Autistic traits in the general population do not correlate with a preference for associative information / Judith GORIS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 33 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 33 (January 2017) . - p.29-38 Titre : Autistic traits in the general population do not correlate with a preference for associative information Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Judith GORIS, Auteur ; Eliane DESCHRIJVER, Auteur ; Sabrina TRAPP, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur ; Senne BRAEM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.29-38 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum  Preference  Associative information  Predictive  Sameness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Associations and regularities in our environment can foster expectations and thereby help create a perceptually predictable world (e.g., a knife next to a plate predicts with high certainty a fork on the other side). Based on several observations, it has been suggested that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an above average tendency to prefer well-organized information or structured environments. Surprisingly, however, this tendency has not yet been tested under controlled experimental conditions. A recent study suggested that neurotypical adults prefer associative information, regardless of their semantic content. Therefore, in this study, we examined the relation of this preference bias to the scores of 123 neurotypical adults on questionnaires that measure autistic traits, known to co-vary with typical autism spectrum characteristics. Participants were presented with different configurations of meaningless abstract shapes. Some shapes were always presented in the exact same fixed configuration, and other shapes were always presented in different random configurations. In an unannounced subsequent evaluation task, participants were required to indicate which shapes they preferred. Results We replicate the observation that people exhibit a general preference for shapes that were presented in fixed configurations. However, there were no correlations between autistic traits and this general preference. Our findings suggest the preference for associative information in ASD might be less general than first thought, or restricted to more complex (social) situations or other levels of information processing. We outline specific guidelines for future systematic investigations into the hypothesized increased preference for associative information in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Autistic traits in the general population do not correlate with a preference for associative information [texte imprimé] / Judith GORIS, Auteur ; Eliane DESCHRIJVER, Auteur ; Sabrina TRAPP, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur ; Senne BRAEM, Auteur . - p.29-38. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 33 (January 2017) . - p.29-38 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum  Preference  Associative information  Predictive  Sameness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Associations and regularities in our environment can foster expectations and thereby help create a perceptually predictable world (e.g., a knife next to a plate predicts with high certainty a fork on the other side). Based on several observations, it has been suggested that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an above average tendency to prefer well-organized information or structured environments. Surprisingly, however, this tendency has not yet been tested under controlled experimental conditions. A recent study suggested that neurotypical adults prefer associative information, regardless of their semantic content. Therefore, in this study, we examined the relation of this preference bias to the scores of 123 neurotypical adults on questionnaires that measure autistic traits, known to co-vary with typical autism spectrum characteristics. Participants were presented with different configurations of meaningless abstract shapes. Some shapes were always presented in the exact same fixed configuration, and other shapes were always presented in different random configurations. In an unannounced subsequent evaluation task, participants were required to indicate which shapes they preferred. Results We replicate the observation that people exhibit a general preference for shapes that were presented in fixed configurations. However, there were no correlations between autistic traits and this general preference. Our findings suggest the preference for associative information in ASD might be less general than first thought, or restricted to more complex (social) situations or other levels of information processing. We outline specific guidelines for future systematic investigations into the hypothesized increased preference for associative information in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Disentangling Neural Sources of the Motor Interference Effect in High Functioning Autism: An EEG-Study / Eliane DESCHRIJVER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-3 (March 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-3 (March 2017) . - p.690-700 Titre : Disentangling Neural Sources of the Motor Interference Effect in High Functioning Autism: An EEG-Study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Eliane DESCHRIJVER, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.690-700 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Imitation  N190  P3  Readiness potential  Self-other distinction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The role of imitation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is controversial. Researchers have argued that deficient control of self- and other-related motor representations (self-other distinction) might explain imitation difficulties. In a recent EEG study, we showed that control of imitation relies on high-level as well as on low-level cognitive processes. Here, we aimed to further our insights into control of imitation deficits in ASD. We focused on congruency effects in the P3 (high-level), the N190 and the readiness potential (RP; low-level). We predicted smaller congruency effects within the P3 in the ASD group. However, we found differences in the RP and not in the P3-component. Thus, high-level self-other distinction centred on motor actions may be preserved in ASD, while impairments are reflected during motor preparation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2991-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=304 [article] Disentangling Neural Sources of the Motor Interference Effect in High Functioning Autism: An EEG-Study [texte imprimé] / Eliane DESCHRIJVER, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur . - p.690-700. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-3 (March 2017) . - p.690-700 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Imitation  N190  P3  Readiness potential  Self-other distinction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The role of imitation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is controversial. Researchers have argued that deficient control of self- and other-related motor representations (self-other distinction) might explain imitation difficulties. In a recent EEG study, we showed that control of imitation relies on high-level as well as on low-level cognitive processes. Here, we aimed to further our insights into control of imitation deficits in ASD. We focused on congruency effects in the P3 (high-level), the N190 and the readiness potential (RP; low-level). We predicted smaller congruency effects within the P3 in the ASD group. However, we found differences in the RP and not in the P3-component. Thus, high-level self-other distinction centred on motor actions may be preserved in ASD, while impairments are reflected during motor preparation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2991-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=304

EEG frequency tagging evidence of intact social interaction recognition in adults with autism / Danna OOMEN in Autism Research, 16-6 (June 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-6 (June 2023) . - p.1111-1123 Titre : EEG frequency tagging evidence of intact social interaction recognition in adults with autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Danna OOMEN, Auteur ; Emiel CRACCO, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1111-1123 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  electroencephalography  frequency tagging  social cognition  social interaction recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract To explain the social difficulties in autism, many studies have been conducted on social stimuli processing. However, this research has mostly used basic social stimuli (e.g., eyes, faces, hands, single agent), not resembling the complexity of what we encounter in our daily social lives and what people with autism experience difficulties with. Third-party social interactions are complex stimuli that we come across often and are also highly relevant for social functioning. Interestingly, the existing behavioral studies point to altered social interaction processing in autism. However, it is not clear whether this is due to altered recognition or altered interpretation of social interactions. Here, we specifically investigated the recognition of social interaction in adults with and without autism. More precisely, we measured neural responses to social scenes depicting either social interaction or not with an electroencephalogram frequency tagging task and compared these responses between adults with and without autism (N 61). The results revealed an enhanced response to social scenes with interaction, replicating previous findings in a neurotypical sample. Crucially, this effect was found in both groups, with no difference between them. This suggests that social interaction recognition is not atypical in adults with autism. Taken together with the previous behavioral evidence, our study thus suggests that individuals with autism are able to recognize social interactions, but that they might not extract the same information from those interactions or that they might use the extracted information differently. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2929 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] EEG frequency tagging evidence of intact social interaction recognition in adults with autism [texte imprimé] / Danna OOMEN, Auteur ; Emiel CRACCO, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur . - p.1111-1123. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 16-6 (June 2023) . - p.1111-1123 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  electroencephalography  frequency tagging  social cognition  social interaction recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract To explain the social difficulties in autism, many studies have been conducted on social stimuli processing. However, this research has mostly used basic social stimuli (e.g., eyes, faces, hands, single agent), not resembling the complexity of what we encounter in our daily social lives and what people with autism experience difficulties with. Third-party social interactions are complex stimuli that we come across often and are also highly relevant for social functioning. Interestingly, the existing behavioral studies point to altered social interaction processing in autism. However, it is not clear whether this is due to altered recognition or altered interpretation of social interactions. Here, we specifically investigated the recognition of social interaction in adults with and without autism. More precisely, we measured neural responses to social scenes depicting either social interaction or not with an electroencephalogram frequency tagging task and compared these responses between adults with and without autism (N 61). The results revealed an enhanced response to social scenes with interaction, replicating previous findings in a neurotypical sample. Crucially, this effect was found in both groups, with no difference between them. This suggests that social interaction recognition is not atypical in adults with autism. Taken together with the previous behavioral evidence, our study thus suggests that individuals with autism are able to recognize social interactions, but that they might not extract the same information from those interactions or that they might use the extracted information differently. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2929 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Intact Neural Responding to Hearing One’s Own Name in Children with Autism / Rachida El KADDOURI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 56-6 (June 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 56-6 (June 2026) . - p.2205-2218 Titre : Intact Neural Responding to Hearing One’s Own Name in Children with Autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rachida El KADDOURI, Auteur ; Annabel D. NIJHOF, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2205-2218 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diminished responding to one’s own name is one of the strongest and earliest predictors of autism. However, research on the neural correlates of this response in autism is scarce. Here we investigate neural responses to hearing the own name in school-aged children with and without autism. Thirty-four children with autism and 33 without autism (ages 7–13) were presented with three categories of names (own name, close other’s name and unknown other name) as task-irrelevant deviant stimuli in an auditory oddball paradigm, while EEG was recorded. In line with previous findings, parietal P3 amplitudes for the own name were enhanced compared with a close other’s name. Older children showed a stronger self-specific effect than younger children. However, this self-preferential effect was not different between groups, despite the fact that parents of children with autism reported significantly less own-name responsiveness in daily life. Neither the N1 component or SON negativity showed self-specific effects. In school-aged children, only the parietal P3 component, and not the N1 or SON negativity, appears to be enhanced for the own name as compared to a close other’s name. Age seems to have an effect on the own name modulation of the P3 amplitude, which may explain the relatively small overall effect size. Against expectations, groups did not differ on this self-specific effect. Further research into neural and behavioral responses to hearing one’s own name in autism, across different age groups, is warranted. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06701-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=587 [article] Intact Neural Responding to Hearing One’s Own Name in Children with Autism [texte imprimé] / Rachida El KADDOURI, Auteur ; Annabel D. NIJHOF, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur . - p.2205-2218. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 56-6 (June 2026) . - p.2205-2218 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diminished responding to one’s own name is one of the strongest and earliest predictors of autism. However, research on the neural correlates of this response in autism is scarce. Here we investigate neural responses to hearing the own name in school-aged children with and without autism. Thirty-four children with autism and 33 without autism (ages 7–13) were presented with three categories of names (own name, close other’s name and unknown other name) as task-irrelevant deviant stimuli in an auditory oddball paradigm, while EEG was recorded. In line with previous findings, parietal P3 amplitudes for the own name were enhanced compared with a close other’s name. Older children showed a stronger self-specific effect than younger children. However, this self-preferential effect was not different between groups, despite the fact that parents of children with autism reported significantly less own-name responsiveness in daily life. Neither the N1 component or SON negativity showed self-specific effects. In school-aged children, only the parietal P3 component, and not the N1 or SON negativity, appears to be enhanced for the own name as compared to a close other’s name. Age seems to have an effect on the own name modulation of the P3 amplitude, which may explain the relatively small overall effect size. Against expectations, groups did not differ on this self-specific effect. Further research into neural and behavioral responses to hearing one’s own name in autism, across different age groups, is warranted. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06701-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=587

Mirror me: Imitative responses in adults with autism / Odette SCHUNKE in Autism, 20-2 (February 2016)  

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The effect of being imitated on empathy for pain in adults with high-functioning autism: Disturbed self-other distinction leads to altered empathic responding / Lize DE COSTER in Autism, 22-6 (August 2018)  

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The Inhibition of Imitative Behavior and Attribution of Mental States / Marcel BRASS

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The Relation Between Preference for Predictability and Autistic Traits / Judith GORIS in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

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