Brief Report: Impression Formation in High-Functioning Autism: Role of Nonverbal Behavior and Stereotype Activating Information / Caroline SCHWARTZ in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-7 (July 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-7 (July 2014) . - p.1759-1765 Titre : Brief Report: Impression Formation in High-Functioning Autism: Role of Nonverbal Behavior and Stereotype Activating Information Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Caroline SCHWARTZ, Auteur ; Thomas DRATSCH, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1759-1765 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : High-functioning autism (HFA)  Impression formation  Nonverbal behavior  Stereotype  Virtual characters Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is known about whether stereotypes influence social judgments of autistic individuals, in particular when they compete with tacit face-to-face cues. We compared impression formation of 17 subjects with high-functioning autism (HFA) and 17 age-, gender- and IQ-matched controls. Information about the profession of a job applicant served as stereotype activating information. The target person’s nonverbal behavior was presented as a computer animation showing two virtual characters in interaction. Contrary to our hypothesis, HFA participants were as sensitive to nonverbal cues as controls. Moreover, HFA showed a tendency to evaluate persons more positively. This might indicate a routine HFA apply in impression formation in order to compensate for their deficit in intuitive understanding of nonverbal communication cues. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-2021-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=236 [article] Brief Report: Impression Formation in High-Functioning Autism: Role of Nonverbal Behavior and Stereotype Activating Information [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Caroline SCHWARTZ, Auteur ; Thomas DRATSCH, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur . - p.1759-1765. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-7 (July 2014) . - p.1759-1765 Mots-clés : High-functioning autism (HFA)  Impression formation  Nonverbal behavior  Stereotype  Virtual characters Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is known about whether stereotypes influence social judgments of autistic individuals, in particular when they compete with tacit face-to-face cues. We compared impression formation of 17 subjects with high-functioning autism (HFA) and 17 age-, gender- and IQ-matched controls. Information about the profession of a job applicant served as stereotype activating information. The target person’s nonverbal behavior was presented as a computer animation showing two virtual characters in interaction. Contrary to our hypothesis, HFA participants were as sensitive to nonverbal cues as controls. Moreover, HFA showed a tendency to evaluate persons more positively. This might indicate a routine HFA apply in impression formation in order to compensate for their deficit in intuitive understanding of nonverbal communication cues. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-2021-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=236

Getting a Grip on Social Gaze: Control over Others? Gaze Helps Gaze Detection in High-Functioning Autism / Thomas DRATSCH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-2 (February 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-2 (February 2013) . - p.286-300 Titre : Getting a Grip on Social Gaze: Control over Others? Gaze Helps Gaze Detection in High-Functioning Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Thomas DRATSCH, Auteur ; Caroline SCHWARTZ, Auteur ; Kliment YANEV, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.286-300 Langues : (Eng) Mots-clés : High-functioning autism  Direct gaze  Control  Predictability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated the influence of control over a social stimulus on the ability to detect direct gaze in high-functioning autism (HFA). In a pilot study, 19 participants with and 19 without HFA were compared on a gaze detection and a gaze setting task. Participants with HFA were less accurate in detecting direct gaze in the detection task, but did not differ in their ability to establish direct gaze in the setting task. In the main experiment, the results of the pilot study were replicated with 37 participants with and 39 without HFA, suggesting that individuals with HFA have a specific deficit in the passive perception of social cues as opposed to the active control, which seems to be intact. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1569-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=188 [article] Getting a Grip on Social Gaze: Control over Others? Gaze Helps Gaze Detection in High-Functioning Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Thomas DRATSCH, Auteur ; Caroline SCHWARTZ, Auteur ; Kliment YANEV, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur . - p.286-300. Langues : (Eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-2 (February 2013) . - p.286-300 Mots-clés : High-functioning autism  Direct gaze  Control  Predictability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated the influence of control over a social stimulus on the ability to detect direct gaze in high-functioning autism (HFA). In a pilot study, 19 participants with and 19 without HFA were compared on a gaze detection and a gaze setting task. Participants with HFA were less accurate in detecting direct gaze in the detection task, but did not differ in their ability to establish direct gaze in the setting task. In the main experiment, the results of the pilot study were replicated with 37 participants with and 39 without HFA, suggesting that individuals with HFA have a specific deficit in the passive perception of social cues as opposed to the active control, which seems to be intact. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1569-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=188

Inferring power and dominance from dyadic nonverbal interactions in autism spectrum disorder / M. KUSCHEFSKI in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.505-516 Titre : Inferring power and dominance from dyadic nonverbal interactions in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. KUSCHEFSKI, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.505-516 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  dominance  dyadic social interaction  nonverbal communication  power  submissiveness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research studies to date have revealed conflicting results with respect to the processing of nonverbal cues from social interactions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of two important factors for the perception of dyadic social interactions, namely (a) the movement contingency and (b) the spatial context. To this end, 26 adult participants with ASD and 26 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched typically developed control participants observed animations presenting nonverbal interactions between two human virtual characters enacting power relationships. We manipulated (a) movement contingency by exchanging one of the two original agents with an agent from another dyad and (b) spatial context by changing agents' spatial orientation to a back-to-back position. Participants were asked to rate dominance and submissiveness of these agents. Results showed that the movement contingency manipulation affected accuracy and consistency of power perception and that the spatial context manipulation slowed down reaction times comparably in both groups. With regard to group differences, individuals with ASD were found to judge power relationships slower compared to control participants, potentially suggesting a more explicit processing style in ASD. Furthermore, the spatial context manipulation slowed down the reaction times more in the contingent compared to the non-contingent conditions only in the ASD group. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate whether individuals with ASD have difficulties in understanding nonverbal cues in a dyadic context by suggesting that they do so in more subtle ways than previously investigated. Autism Res 2019, 12: 505-516 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study shows that the ability and speed of judging who is dominant in a social interaction depends on two factors: (a) whether their movements are matched and (b) whether they are facing each other or not. This is similarly the case for participants with and without autism. Interestingly, however, individuals with autism seem to judge generally slower, suggesting a more explicit processing style. The two factors seem to interact, suggesting that nonverbal processing difficulties are subtler than previously thought. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2069 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] Inferring power and dominance from dyadic nonverbal interactions in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. KUSCHEFSKI, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur . - p.505-516. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.505-516 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  dominance  dyadic social interaction  nonverbal communication  power  submissiveness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research studies to date have revealed conflicting results with respect to the processing of nonverbal cues from social interactions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of two important factors for the perception of dyadic social interactions, namely (a) the movement contingency and (b) the spatial context. To this end, 26 adult participants with ASD and 26 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched typically developed control participants observed animations presenting nonverbal interactions between two human virtual characters enacting power relationships. We manipulated (a) movement contingency by exchanging one of the two original agents with an agent from another dyad and (b) spatial context by changing agents' spatial orientation to a back-to-back position. Participants were asked to rate dominance and submissiveness of these agents. Results showed that the movement contingency manipulation affected accuracy and consistency of power perception and that the spatial context manipulation slowed down reaction times comparably in both groups. With regard to group differences, individuals with ASD were found to judge power relationships slower compared to control participants, potentially suggesting a more explicit processing style in ASD. Furthermore, the spatial context manipulation slowed down the reaction times more in the contingent compared to the non-contingent conditions only in the ASD group. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate whether individuals with ASD have difficulties in understanding nonverbal cues in a dyadic context by suggesting that they do so in more subtle ways than previously investigated. Autism Res 2019, 12: 505-516 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study shows that the ability and speed of judging who is dominant in a social interaction depends on two factors: (a) whether their movements are matched and (b) whether they are facing each other or not. This is similarly the case for participants with and without autism. Interestingly, however, individuals with autism seem to judge generally slower, suggesting a more explicit processing style. The two factors seem to interact, suggesting that nonverbal processing difficulties are subtler than previously thought. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2069 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

A matter of words: Impact of verbal and nonverbal information on impression formation in high-functioning autism / Bojana KUZMANOVIC in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5-1 (January-March 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-1 (January-March 2011) . - p.604-613 Titre : A matter of words: Impact of verbal and nonverbal information on impression formation in high-functioning autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bojana KUZMANOVIC, Auteur ; Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.604-613 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Impression-formation High-functioning-autism Verbal Nonverbal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Clinical intuition and resent research (Senju et al., 2009) suggests that adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) are able to use explicit verbal information but fail to react upon subtle nonverbal cues in order to understand others and navigate social encounters. In order to investigate the relative influence of different domains of socially relevant information in HFA as compared to matched controls, we used verbal and nonverbal stimuli as a basis for an interpersonal impression formation task. Results demonstrated a reduced sensitivity to nonverbal cues in individuals with HFA when consideration of conflicting information from the different domains was required, although HFA participants could well evaluate nonverbal stimuli in isolation. Thus, in a more complex experimental setting nonverbal information had a comparably weak impact on the impression formation confirming that social processing is preferentially based on verbal information in HFA. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=111 [article] A matter of words: Impact of verbal and nonverbal information on impression formation in high-functioning autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bojana KUZMANOVIC, Auteur ; Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.604-613. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-1 (January-March 2011) . - p.604-613 Mots-clés : Impression-formation High-functioning-autism Verbal Nonverbal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Clinical intuition and resent research (Senju et al., 2009) suggests that adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) are able to use explicit verbal information but fail to react upon subtle nonverbal cues in order to understand others and navigate social encounters. In order to investigate the relative influence of different domains of socially relevant information in HFA as compared to matched controls, we used verbal and nonverbal stimuli as a basis for an interpersonal impression formation task. Results demonstrated a reduced sensitivity to nonverbal cues in individuals with HFA when consideration of conflicting information from the different domains was required, although HFA participants could well evaluate nonverbal stimuli in isolation. Thus, in a more complex experimental setting nonverbal information had a comparably weak impact on the impression formation confirming that social processing is preferentially based on verbal information in HFA. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=111

Responses to Nonverbal Behaviour of Dynamic Virtual Characters in High-Functioning Autism / Caroline SCHWARTZ in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40-1 (January 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-1 (January 2010) . - p.100-111 Titre : Responses to Nonverbal Behaviour of Dynamic Virtual Characters in High-Functioning Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Caroline SCHWARTZ, Auteur ; Astrid GAWRONSKI, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.100-111 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Mentalizing High-functioning-autism-(HFA) Nonverbal-behaviour Virtual-characters Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated feelings of involvement evoked by nonverbal behaviour of dynamic virtual characters in 20 adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) and high IQ as well as 20 IQ-matched control subjects. The effects of diagnostic group showed that subjects with autism experienced less “contact” and “urge” to establish contact across conditions and less “interest” than controls in a condition with meaningful facial expressions. Moreover, the analyses within groups revealed that nonverbal behaviour had less influence on feelings in HFA subjects. In conclusion, disturbances of HFA subjects in experiencing involvement in social encounters with virtual characters displaying nonverbal behaviour do not extend to all kinds of feelings, suggesting different pathways in the ascription of involvement in social situations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0843-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=963 [article] Responses to Nonverbal Behaviour of Dynamic Virtual Characters in High-Functioning Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Caroline SCHWARTZ, Auteur ; Astrid GAWRONSKI, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.100-111. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-1 (January 2010) . - p.100-111 Mots-clés : Mentalizing High-functioning-autism-(HFA) Nonverbal-behaviour Virtual-characters Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated feelings of involvement evoked by nonverbal behaviour of dynamic virtual characters in 20 adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) and high IQ as well as 20 IQ-matched control subjects. The effects of diagnostic group showed that subjects with autism experienced less “contact” and “urge” to establish contact across conditions and less “interest” than controls in a condition with meaningful facial expressions. Moreover, the analyses within groups revealed that nonverbal behaviour had less influence on feelings in HFA subjects. In conclusion, disturbances of HFA subjects in experiencing involvement in social encounters with virtual characters displaying nonverbal behaviour do not extend to all kinds of feelings, suggesting different pathways in the ascription of involvement in social situations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0843-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=963

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