Autism and schizophrenia in high functioning adults: Behavioral differences and overlap / Annelies A. SPEK in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-4 (October-December 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-4 (October-December 2010) . - p.709-717 Titre : Autism and schizophrenia in high functioning adults: Behavioral differences and overlap Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Annelies A. SPEK, Auteur ; Saskia G.M. WOUTERS, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.709-717 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Schizophrenia SPQ AQ Negative-symptoms Social-skill Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Several recent studies have demonstrated a genetical overlap between autism and schizophrenia. However, at a behavioral level it remains unclear which features can validly distinguish adults with autism from an adult schizophrenia group. To this end, the present study compared 21 individuals with the autistic disorder and 21 individuals with schizophrenia in self-reported features of autism and schizophrenia, as measured by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The schizophrenia group was more likely to report positive symptoms and the adults with autism were more likely to report impairments in social skill. Overlap was found between the two groups in negative symptoms, disorganization, attention to detail and imagination. Thus, when discriminating between the two disorders, especially social skill and the presence of positive symptoms are relevant, whereas the presence of negative symptoms is not indicative. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.01.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102 [article] Autism and schizophrenia in high functioning adults: Behavioral differences and overlap [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Annelies A. SPEK, Auteur ; Saskia G.M. WOUTERS, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.709-717. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-4 (October-December 2010) . - p.709-717 Mots-clés : Autism Schizophrenia SPQ AQ Negative-symptoms Social-skill Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Several recent studies have demonstrated a genetical overlap between autism and schizophrenia. However, at a behavioral level it remains unclear which features can validly distinguish adults with autism from an adult schizophrenia group. To this end, the present study compared 21 individuals with the autistic disorder and 21 individuals with schizophrenia in self-reported features of autism and schizophrenia, as measured by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The schizophrenia group was more likely to report positive symptoms and the adults with autism were more likely to report impairments in social skill. Overlap was found between the two groups in negative symptoms, disorganization, attention to detail and imagination. Thus, when discriminating between the two disorders, especially social skill and the presence of positive symptoms are relevant, whereas the presence of negative symptoms is not indicative. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.01.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102

Comparing cognitive functioning in schizophrenia and autism using WAIS-III / Marion DE BOER in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8-7 (July 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-7 (July 2014) . - p.737-745 Titre : Comparing cognitive functioning in schizophrenia and autism using WAIS-III Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marion DE BOER, Auteur ; Annelies A. SPEK, Auteur ; Jill LOBBESTAEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.737-745 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Schizophrenia  Autism  Cognitive functioning  WAIS-III  Processing speed Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The main goal of this study was to investigate differences and similarities in general cognitive functioning between adults with schizophrenia and autism, because this has not been systematically investigated. We used a cross-sectional design to compare adults with schizophrenia (n = 27), with autism (n = 114) and a healthy control group (n = 30). Schizophrenia diagnoses were based on the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis I (SCID-I) and behavioral symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Autism was diagnosed with a DSM-IV questionnaire for autism spectrum disorders and the Autistic Diagnostic Interview, revised version. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third version (WAIS-III) was used to assess cognitive functions. All participants were between 18 and 65 years of age and had a minimum full scale intelligence of 80. Results showed that patients with schizophrenia scored significantly lower on processing speed than patients with autism and the healthy control group. Differences on other index scales were not found. In participants with schizophrenia a correlation was found between processing speed impairment and negative symptoms. Diagnosis could be predicted correctly with WAIS-III profile in 70.4% of the cases with schizophrenia compared to 56.7% of the healthy control group and 22.8% of the autism group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.03.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233 [article] Comparing cognitive functioning in schizophrenia and autism using WAIS-III [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marion DE BOER, Auteur ; Annelies A. SPEK, Auteur ; Jill LOBBESTAEL, Auteur . - p.737-745. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-7 (July 2014) . - p.737-745 Mots-clés : Schizophrenia  Autism  Cognitive functioning  WAIS-III  Processing speed Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The main goal of this study was to investigate differences and similarities in general cognitive functioning between adults with schizophrenia and autism, because this has not been systematically investigated. We used a cross-sectional design to compare adults with schizophrenia (n = 27), with autism (n = 114) and a healthy control group (n = 30). Schizophrenia diagnoses were based on the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis I (SCID-I) and behavioral symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Autism was diagnosed with a DSM-IV questionnaire for autism spectrum disorders and the Autistic Diagnostic Interview, revised version. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third version (WAIS-III) was used to assess cognitive functions. All participants were between 18 and 65 years of age and had a minimum full scale intelligence of 80. Results showed that patients with schizophrenia scored significantly lower on processing speed than patients with autism and the healthy control group. Differences on other index scales were not found. In participants with schizophrenia a correlation was found between processing speed impairment and negative symptoms. Diagnosis could be predicted correctly with WAIS-III profile in 70.4% of the cases with schizophrenia compared to 56.7% of the healthy control group and 22.8% of the autism group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.03.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233

Examining the relationship between Autism spectrum disorders and technical professions in high functioning adults / Annelies A. SPEK in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7-5 (May 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-5 (May 2013) . - p.606-612 Titre : Examining the relationship between Autism spectrum disorders and technical professions in high functioning adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Annelies A. SPEK, Auteur ; E. VELDERMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.606-612 Mots-clés : Autism  Technical skills  Attention to detail  Attention switching  Social skill Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A relationship has been hypothesized between Autism and technical professions. This has been attributed to superior folk physics in individuals with Autism. Folk physics can be described as the capability to understand physical causality. Since all the previous studies in this area were focused on family members of individuals with Autism, it was unclear if there is a direct relationship between Autism and technical professions. Therefore, we examined the degree to which the professions of high functioning adults with Autism (N = 29) encompass technical skills and compared the results to adults with Schizophrenia (N = 17) and a neurotypical control group (N = 30). Furthermore, we examined whether the degree of technical skills in the professions of the Autism group was related to their autistic traits. The results showed that the last and longest attained professions of the adults with Autism require more technical skills than those of the Schizophrenia and neurotypical group. Furthermore, the degree of technical skills in the professions of the adults with Autism is related to impairments in social skills, but not to strengths in detailed information processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.02.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194 [article] Examining the relationship between Autism spectrum disorders and technical professions in high functioning adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Annelies A. SPEK, Auteur ; E. VELDERMAN, Auteur . - p.606-612. in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-5 (May 2013) . - p.606-612 Mots-clés : Autism  Technical skills  Attention to detail  Attention switching  Social skill Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A relationship has been hypothesized between Autism and technical professions. This has been attributed to superior folk physics in individuals with Autism. Folk physics can be described as the capability to understand physical causality. Since all the previous studies in this area were focused on family members of individuals with Autism, it was unclear if there is a direct relationship between Autism and technical professions. Therefore, we examined the degree to which the professions of high functioning adults with Autism (N = 29) encompass technical skills and compared the results to adults with Schizophrenia (N = 17) and a neurotypical control group (N = 30). Furthermore, we examined whether the degree of technical skills in the professions of the Autism group was related to their autistic traits. The results showed that the last and longest attained professions of the adults with Autism require more technical skills than those of the Schizophrenia and neurotypical group. Furthermore, the degree of technical skills in the professions of the adults with Autism is related to impairments in social skills, but not to strengths in detailed information processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.02.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194

Executive functioning in men and women with an autism spectrum disorder / Michelle KIEP in Autism Research, 10-5 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.940-948 Titre : Executive functioning in men and women with an autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michelle KIEP, Auteur ; Annelies A. SPEK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.940-948 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  executive functioning  gender differences  females with autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Executive functioning (EF) is thought to be linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) specific symptoms. The majority of research has focused on children and adolescents with ASD and, therefore, little is known about EF in adults. Furthermore, little is known about gender differences. Ninety-nine men and forty women with ASD were compared with and 35 neurotypical men 25 neurotypical women. Participants were matched on age, total intelligence, and verbal ability. The following instruments were used to measure executive functioning: digit span and letter and number sequencing of the WAIS-III, Tower of Hanoi, WCST, and Verbal fluency. Multiple analysis of variance was conducted to determine group differences. Women with ASD performed worse on the working memory tasks of the WAIS-III than neurotypical women. Furthermore, women with ASD had more perseverations on the WCST than neurotypical women. The gender comparison in the ASD group showed differences in performance on mental flexibility (WCST), working memory (WAIS-III), generativity and self-monitoring (Verbal fluency). However, these differences were unequivocal and no gender specific cognitive profile could be pinpointed. Individual strengths and frailties should be highlighted in clinical practice, as impairments in EF can be under influence of the overall cognitive abilities of the individual. Furthermore, gender differences were found. This could explain differences in representation of ASD symptoms in both groups. These differences show how important thorough diagnostics are. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1721 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307 [article] Executive functioning in men and women with an autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michelle KIEP, Auteur ; Annelies A. SPEK, Auteur . - p.940-948. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.940-948 Mots-clés : autism  executive functioning  gender differences  females with autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Executive functioning (EF) is thought to be linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) specific symptoms. The majority of research has focused on children and adolescents with ASD and, therefore, little is known about EF in adults. Furthermore, little is known about gender differences. Ninety-nine men and forty women with ASD were compared with and 35 neurotypical men 25 neurotypical women. Participants were matched on age, total intelligence, and verbal ability. The following instruments were used to measure executive functioning: digit span and letter and number sequencing of the WAIS-III, Tower of Hanoi, WCST, and Verbal fluency. Multiple analysis of variance was conducted to determine group differences. Women with ASD performed worse on the working memory tasks of the WAIS-III than neurotypical women. Furthermore, women with ASD had more perseverations on the WCST than neurotypical women. The gender comparison in the ASD group showed differences in performance on mental flexibility (WCST), working memory (WAIS-III), generativity and self-monitoring (Verbal fluency). However, these differences were unequivocal and no gender specific cognitive profile could be pinpointed. Individual strengths and frailties should be highlighted in clinical practice, as impairments in EF can be under influence of the overall cognitive abilities of the individual. Furthermore, gender differences were found. This could explain differences in representation of ASD symptoms in both groups. These differences show how important thorough diagnostics are. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1721 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307

Local Information Processing in Adults with High Functioning Autism and Asperger Syndrome: The Usefulness of Neuropsychological Tests and Self-Reports / Annelies A. SPEK in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41-7 (July 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-7 (July 2011) . - p.859-869 Titre : Local Information Processing in Adults with High Functioning Autism and Asperger Syndrome: The Usefulness of Neuropsychological Tests and Self-Reports Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Annelies A. SPEK, Auteur ; Evert M. SCHOLTE, Auteur ; Ina A. VAN BERCKELAER-ONNES, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.859-869 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Local information processing  High functioning autism  Asperger syndrome  Embedded figures  Detailed Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Local information processing in 42 adults with high functioning autism, 41 adults with Asperger syndrome and 41 neurotypical adults was examined. Contrary to our expectations, the disorder groups did not outperform the neurotypical group in the neuropsychological measures of local information processing. In line with our hypotheses, the self-reports did show higher levels of local information processing and a stronger tendency to use systemizing strategies in the two disorder groups. Absent and weak correlations were found between the self-reports and the two neuropsychological tasks in the three groups. The neuropsychological tests and the self-reports seem to measure different underlying constructs. The self-reports were most predictive of the presence of an autism spectrum diagnosis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1106-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=130 [article] Local Information Processing in Adults with High Functioning Autism and Asperger Syndrome: The Usefulness of Neuropsychological Tests and Self-Reports [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Annelies A. SPEK, Auteur ; Evert M. SCHOLTE, Auteur ; Ina A. VAN BERCKELAER-ONNES, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.859-869. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-7 (July 2011) . - p.859-869 Mots-clés : Local information processing  High functioning autism  Asperger syndrome  Embedded figures  Detailed Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Local information processing in 42 adults with high functioning autism, 41 adults with Asperger syndrome and 41 neurotypical adults was examined. Contrary to our expectations, the disorder groups did not outperform the neurotypical group in the neuropsychological measures of local information processing. In line with our hypotheses, the self-reports did show higher levels of local information processing and a stronger tendency to use systemizing strategies in the two disorder groups. Absent and weak correlations were found between the self-reports and the two neuropsychological tasks in the three groups. The neuropsychological tests and the self-reports seem to measure different underlying constructs. The self-reports were most predictive of the presence of an autism spectrum diagnosis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1106-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=130

The use of the Autism-spectrum Quotient in differentiating high-functioning adults with autism, adults with schizophrenia and a neurotypical adult control group / Saskia G.M. WOUTERS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5-3 (July-September 2011)  

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Theory of Mind in Adults with HFA and Asperger Syndrome / Annelies A. SPEK in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40-3 (March 2010)  

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