Altered amygdala and hippocampus function in adolescents with hypercortisolemia: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of Cushing syndrome / Françoise S. MAHEU in Development and Psychopathology, 20-4 (Fall 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 20-4 (Fall 2008) . - p.1177-1189 Titre : Altered amygdala and hippocampus function in adolescents with hypercortisolemia: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of Cushing syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Françoise S. MAHEU, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur ; Monique ERNST, Auteur ; Luigi MAZZONE, Auteur ; Deborah P. MERKE, Auteur ; Margaret F. KEIL, Auteur ; Constantine A. STRATAKIS, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.1177-1189 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Chronic elevations of endogenous cortisol levels have been shown to alter medial temporal cortical structures and to be accompanied by declarative memory impairments and depressive symptoms in human adults. These effects of elevated endogenous levels of cortisol have not been directly studied in adolescents. Because adolescents with Cushing syndrome show endogenous elevations in cortisol, they represent a unique natural model to study the effects of prolonged hypercortisolemia on brain function, and memory and affective processes during this developmental stage. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we compared 12 adolescents with Cushing syndrome with 22 healthy control adolescents on amygdala and anterior hippocampus activation during an emotional faces encoding task. None of these adolescents manifested depressive symptoms. Encoding success was assessed using a memory recognition test performed after the scan. The fMRI analyses followed an event-related design and were conducted using the SPM99 platform. Compared to healthy adolescents, patients with Cushing syndrome showed greater left amygdala and right anterior hippocampus activation during successful face encoding. Memory performance for faces recognition did not differ between groups. This first study of cerebral function in adolescents with chronic endogeneous hypercortisolemia due to Cushing syndrome demonstrates the presence of functional alterations in amygdala and hippocampus, which are not associated with affective or memory impairments. Such findings need to be followed by work examining the role of age and related brain maturational stage on these effects, as well as the identification of possible protective factors conferring resilience to affective and cognitive consequences in this disease and/or during this stage of cerebral development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579408000564 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=602 [article] Altered amygdala and hippocampus function in adolescents with hypercortisolemia: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of Cushing syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Françoise S. MAHEU, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur ; Monique ERNST, Auteur ; Luigi MAZZONE, Auteur ; Deborah P. MERKE, Auteur ; Margaret F. KEIL, Auteur ; Constantine A. STRATAKIS, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.1177-1189. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 20-4 (Fall 2008) . - p.1177-1189 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Chronic elevations of endogenous cortisol levels have been shown to alter medial temporal cortical structures and to be accompanied by declarative memory impairments and depressive symptoms in human adults. These effects of elevated endogenous levels of cortisol have not been directly studied in adolescents. Because adolescents with Cushing syndrome show endogenous elevations in cortisol, they represent a unique natural model to study the effects of prolonged hypercortisolemia on brain function, and memory and affective processes during this developmental stage. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we compared 12 adolescents with Cushing syndrome with 22 healthy control adolescents on amygdala and anterior hippocampus activation during an emotional faces encoding task. None of these adolescents manifested depressive symptoms. Encoding success was assessed using a memory recognition test performed after the scan. The fMRI analyses followed an event-related design and were conducted using the SPM99 platform. Compared to healthy adolescents, patients with Cushing syndrome showed greater left amygdala and right anterior hippocampus activation during successful face encoding. Memory performance for faces recognition did not differ between groups. This first study of cerebral function in adolescents with chronic endogeneous hypercortisolemia due to Cushing syndrome demonstrates the presence of functional alterations in amygdala and hippocampus, which are not associated with affective or memory impairments. Such findings need to be followed by work examining the role of age and related brain maturational stage on these effects, as well as the identification of possible protective factors conferring resilience to affective and cognitive consequences in this disease and/or during this stage of cerebral development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579408000564 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=602

An fMRI examination of developmental differences in the neural correlates of uncertainty and decision-making / Amy L. KRAIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-10 (October 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1023–1030 Titre : An fMRI examination of developmental differences in the neural correlates of uncertainty and decision-making Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Amy L. KRAIN, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur ; Sara HEFTON, Auteur ; Monique ERNST, Auteur ; Rachel G. KLEIN, Auteur ; Michael P. MILHAM, Auteur ; Francisco Xavier CASTELLANOS, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1023–1030 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence anxiety brain-imaging development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Maturation of prefrontal circuits during adolescence contributes to the development of cognitive processes such as decision-making. Recent theories suggest that these neural changes also play a role in the shift from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) to depression that often occurs during this developmental period. Cognitive models of the development of GAD highlight the role of intolerance of uncertainty (IU), which can be characterized behaviorally by impairments in decision-making. The present study examines potential developmental differences in frontal regions associated with uncertain decision-making, and tests the impact of IU on these circuits. Methods: Twelve healthy adults (ages 19–36) and 12 healthy adolescents (ages 13–17) completed a decision-making task with conditions of varied uncertainty while fMRI scans were acquired. They also completed measures of worry and IU, and a questionnaire about their levels of anxiety and certainty during the task. Results: Combined group analyses demonstrated significant linear effects of uncertainty on activity within anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Region of interest (ROI)-based analysis found a significant interaction of group and IU ratings in ACC. Increased IU was associated with robust linear increases in ACC activity only in adolescents. An ROI analysis of feedback-related processing found that adolescents demonstrated greater activation during incorrect trials relative to correct trials, while the adults showed no difference in neural activity associated with incorrect and correct feedback. Conclusions: This decision-making task was shown to be effective at eliciting uncertainty-related ACC activity in adults and adolescents. Further, IU impacts ACC activity in adolescents during uncertain decision-making, providing preliminary support for a developmental model of GAD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01677.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=792 [article] An fMRI examination of developmental differences in the neural correlates of uncertainty and decision-making [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Amy L. KRAIN, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur ; Sara HEFTON, Auteur ; Monique ERNST, Auteur ; Rachel G. KLEIN, Auteur ; Michael P. MILHAM, Auteur ; Francisco Xavier CASTELLANOS, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1023–1030. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1023–1030 Mots-clés : Adolescence anxiety brain-imaging development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Maturation of prefrontal circuits during adolescence contributes to the development of cognitive processes such as decision-making. Recent theories suggest that these neural changes also play a role in the shift from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) to depression that often occurs during this developmental period. Cognitive models of the development of GAD highlight the role of intolerance of uncertainty (IU), which can be characterized behaviorally by impairments in decision-making. The present study examines potential developmental differences in frontal regions associated with uncertain decision-making, and tests the impact of IU on these circuits. Methods: Twelve healthy adults (ages 19–36) and 12 healthy adolescents (ages 13–17) completed a decision-making task with conditions of varied uncertainty while fMRI scans were acquired. They also completed measures of worry and IU, and a questionnaire about their levels of anxiety and certainty during the task. Results: Combined group analyses demonstrated significant linear effects of uncertainty on activity within anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Region of interest (ROI)-based analysis found a significant interaction of group and IU ratings in ACC. Increased IU was associated with robust linear increases in ACC activity only in adolescents. An ROI analysis of feedback-related processing found that adolescents demonstrated greater activation during incorrect trials relative to correct trials, while the adults showed no difference in neural activity associated with incorrect and correct feedback. Conclusions: This decision-making task was shown to be effective at eliciting uncertainty-related ACC activity in adults and adolescents. Further, IU impacts ACC activity in adolescents during uncertain decision-making, providing preliminary support for a developmental model of GAD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01677.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=792

Impaired spatial navigation in pediatric anxiety / Sven C. MUELLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50-10 (October 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 50-10 (October 2009) . - p.1227-1234 Titre : Impaired spatial navigation in pediatric anxiety Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sven C. MUELLER, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur ; Monique ERNST, Auteur ; Veronica TEMPLE, Auteur ; Brian CORNWELL, Auteur ; Christian GRILLON, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.1227-1234 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Pediatric anxiety hippocampus water-maze spatial-navigation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Previous theories implicate hippocampal dysfunction in anxiety disorders. Most of the data supporting these theories stem from animal research, particularly lesion studies. The generalization of findings from rodent models to human function is hampered by fundamental inter-species differences. The present work uses a task of spatial orientation, which is known to rely on hippocampal function. Deficits in spatial navigation in anxious children suggest that the hippocampal network involved in spatial orientation is also implicated in anxiety disorders. Methods: Thirty-four treatment-naive children with an anxiety disorder (mean 11.00 years ± 2.54) are compared to 35 healthy age- and IQ-matched healthy children (mean 11.95 years ± 2.36) on a virtual, computer-based equivalent of the Morris Water Maze task. Results: Results indicate that children with anxiety disorder exhibit overall impaired performance relative to the comparison group. Anxious children made more heading direction errors and had worse accuracy in completing trials relative to controls. Conclusions: The results present novel evidence that spatial orientation deficits occur in pediatric anxiety. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02112.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=838 [article] Impaired spatial navigation in pediatric anxiety [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sven C. MUELLER, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur ; Monique ERNST, Auteur ; Veronica TEMPLE, Auteur ; Brian CORNWELL, Auteur ; Christian GRILLON, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.1227-1234. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 50-10 (October 2009) . - p.1227-1234 Mots-clés : Pediatric anxiety hippocampus water-maze spatial-navigation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Previous theories implicate hippocampal dysfunction in anxiety disorders. Most of the data supporting these theories stem from animal research, particularly lesion studies. The generalization of findings from rodent models to human function is hampered by fundamental inter-species differences. The present work uses a task of spatial orientation, which is known to rely on hippocampal function. Deficits in spatial navigation in anxious children suggest that the hippocampal network involved in spatial orientation is also implicated in anxiety disorders. Methods: Thirty-four treatment-naive children with an anxiety disorder (mean 11.00 years ± 2.54) are compared to 35 healthy age- and IQ-matched healthy children (mean 11.95 years ± 2.36) on a virtual, computer-based equivalent of the Morris Water Maze task. Results: Results indicate that children with anxiety disorder exhibit overall impaired performance relative to the comparison group. Anxious children made more heading direction errors and had worse accuracy in completing trials relative to controls. Conclusions: The results present novel evidence that spatial orientation deficits occur in pediatric anxiety. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02112.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=838

Incentive-related modulation of cognitive control in healthy, anxious, and depressed adolescents: development and psychopathology related differences / Michael G. HARDIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48-5 (May 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-5 (May 2007) . - p.446–454 Titre : Incentive-related modulation of cognitive control in healthy, anxious, and depressed adolescents: development and psychopathology related differences Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael G. HARDIN, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur ; Monique ERNST, Auteur ; Elizabeth SCHROTH, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.446–454 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Saccade inhibition motivation valence salience eye-movement pediatric adolescence anxiety cognition depression development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Developmental changes in cognitive and affective processes contribute to adolescent risk-taking behavior, emotional intensification, and psychopathology. The current study examined adolescent development of cognitive control processes and their modulation by incentive, in health and psychopathology. Predictions include 1) better cognitive control in adults than adolescents, and in healthy adolescents than anxious and depressed adolescents, and 2) a stronger influence of incentives in adolescents than adults, and in healthy adolescents than their depressed and anxious counterparts. Methods: Antisaccadic eye movement parameters, which provide a measure of cognitive control, were collected during a reward antisaccade task that included parameterized incentive levels. Participants were 20 healthy adults, 30 healthy adolescents, 16 adolescents with an anxiety disorder, and 11 adolescents with major depression. Performance accuracy and saccade latency were analyzed to test both developmental and psychopathology hypotheses. Results: Development and psychopathology group differences in cognitive control were found. Specifically, adults performed better than healthy adolescents, and healthy adolescents than anxious and depressed adolescents. Incentive improved accuracy for all groups; however, incremental increases were not sufficiently large to further modulate performance. Incentives also affected saccade latencies, pushing healthy adolescent latencies to adult levels, while being less effective in adolescents with depression or anxiety. This latter effect was partially mediated by anxiety symptom severity. Conclusions: Current findings evidence the modulation of cognitive control processes by incentives. While seen in both healthy adults and healthy adolescents, this modulatory effect was stronger in youth. While anxious and depressed adolescents exhibited improved cognitive control under incentives, this effect was smaller than that in healthy adolescents. These findings suggest differential incentive and/or cognitive control processing in anxiety and depression, and across development. Differences could result from disorder specific, or combined developmental and pathological mechanisms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01722.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=956 [article] Incentive-related modulation of cognitive control in healthy, anxious, and depressed adolescents: development and psychopathology related differences [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael G. HARDIN, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur ; Monique ERNST, Auteur ; Elizabeth SCHROTH, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.446–454. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-5 (May 2007) . - p.446–454 Mots-clés : Saccade inhibition motivation valence salience eye-movement pediatric adolescence anxiety cognition depression development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Developmental changes in cognitive and affective processes contribute to adolescent risk-taking behavior, emotional intensification, and psychopathology. The current study examined adolescent development of cognitive control processes and their modulation by incentive, in health and psychopathology. Predictions include 1) better cognitive control in adults than adolescents, and in healthy adolescents than anxious and depressed adolescents, and 2) a stronger influence of incentives in adolescents than adults, and in healthy adolescents than their depressed and anxious counterparts. Methods: Antisaccadic eye movement parameters, which provide a measure of cognitive control, were collected during a reward antisaccade task that included parameterized incentive levels. Participants were 20 healthy adults, 30 healthy adolescents, 16 adolescents with an anxiety disorder, and 11 adolescents with major depression. Performance accuracy and saccade latency were analyzed to test both developmental and psychopathology hypotheses. Results: Development and psychopathology group differences in cognitive control were found. Specifically, adults performed better than healthy adolescents, and healthy adolescents than anxious and depressed adolescents. Incentive improved accuracy for all groups; however, incremental increases were not sufficiently large to further modulate performance. Incentives also affected saccade latencies, pushing healthy adolescent latencies to adult levels, while being less effective in adolescents with depression or anxiety. This latter effect was partially mediated by anxiety symptom severity. Conclusions: Current findings evidence the modulation of cognitive control processes by incentives. While seen in both healthy adults and healthy adolescents, this modulatory effect was stronger in youth. While anxious and depressed adolescents exhibited improved cognitive control under incentives, this effect was smaller than that in healthy adolescents. These findings suggest differential incentive and/or cognitive control processing in anxiety and depression, and across development. Differences could result from disorder specific, or combined developmental and pathological mechanisms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01722.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=956

Inhibitory control in anxious and healthy adolescents is modulated by incentive and incidental affective stimuli / Michael G. HARDIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50-12 (December 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 50-12 (December 2009) . - p.1550-1558 Titre : Inhibitory control in anxious and healthy adolescents is modulated by incentive and incidental affective stimuli Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael G. HARDIN, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur ; Monique ERNST, Auteur ; Ronald E. DAHL, Auteur ; Sven C. MUELLER, Auteur ; Darcy MANDELL, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.1550-1558 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Emotion motivation cognitive-control affective-context anxiety-disorders facial-expressions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Anxiety disorders are characterized by elevated, sustained responses to threat, that manifest as threat attention biases. Recent evidence also suggests exaggerated responses to incentives. How these characteristics influence cognitive control is under debate and is the focus of the present study. Methods: Twenty-five healthy adolescents and 25 adolescents meeting DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder were compared on a task of response inhibition. Inhibitory control was assayed with an antisaccade task that included both incentive (monetary reward) and incidental emotion (facial expression) cues presented prior to the execution of inhibitory behavior. Results: Inhibitory control was enhanced following exposure to threat cues (fear faces) only in adolescent patients, and following exposure to positive cues (happy faces) only in healthy adolescents. Results also revealed a robust performance improvement associated with monetary incentives. This incentive effect did not differ by group. No interaction between incentives and emotional cues was detected. Conclusions: These findings suggest that biased processing of threat in anxious adolescents affects inhibitory control, perhaps by raising arousal prior to behavioral performance. The absence of normalization of performance in anxious adolescents following exposure to positive emotional cues is a novel finding and will require additional exploration. Future studies will need to more specifically examine how perturbations in positive emotion processes contribute to the symptomatology and the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02121.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=883 [article] Inhibitory control in anxious and healthy adolescents is modulated by incentive and incidental affective stimuli [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael G. HARDIN, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur ; Monique ERNST, Auteur ; Ronald E. DAHL, Auteur ; Sven C. MUELLER, Auteur ; Darcy MANDELL, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.1550-1558. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 50-12 (December 2009) . - p.1550-1558 Mots-clés : Emotion motivation cognitive-control affective-context anxiety-disorders facial-expressions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Anxiety disorders are characterized by elevated, sustained responses to threat, that manifest as threat attention biases. Recent evidence also suggests exaggerated responses to incentives. How these characteristics influence cognitive control is under debate and is the focus of the present study. Methods: Twenty-five healthy adolescents and 25 adolescents meeting DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder were compared on a task of response inhibition. Inhibitory control was assayed with an antisaccade task that included both incentive (monetary reward) and incidental emotion (facial expression) cues presented prior to the execution of inhibitory behavior. Results: Inhibitory control was enhanced following exposure to threat cues (fear faces) only in adolescent patients, and following exposure to positive cues (happy faces) only in healthy adolescents. Results also revealed a robust performance improvement associated with monetary incentives. This incentive effect did not differ by group. No interaction between incentives and emotional cues was detected. Conclusions: These findings suggest that biased processing of threat in anxious adolescents affects inhibitory control, perhaps by raising arousal prior to behavioral performance. The absence of normalization of performance in anxious adolescents following exposure to positive emotional cues is a novel finding and will require additional exploration. Future studies will need to more specifically examine how perturbations in positive emotion processes contribute to the symptomatology and the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02121.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=883

Isolating neural components of threat bias in pediatric anxiety / Jennifer C. BRITTON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-6 (June 2012)  

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Lasting associations between early-childhood temperament and late-adolescent reward-circuitry response to peer feedback / Amanda E. GUYER in Development and Psychopathology, 26-1 (February 2014)  

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Specificity of facial expression labeling deficits in childhood psychopathology / Amanda E. GUYER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48-9 (September 2007)  

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The influence of emotional stimuli on attention orienting and inhibitory control in pediatric anxiety / Sven C. MUELLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-8 (August 2012)  

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