Decreased expression of axon-guidance receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex in autism / Shiro SUDA in Molecular Autism, (August 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > (August 2011) . - 5 p. Titre : Decreased expression of axon-guidance receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Shiro SUDA, Auteur ; Keiko IWATA, Auteur ; Chie SHIMMURA, Auteur ; Yosuke KAMENO, Auteur ; Ayyappan ANITHA, Auteur ; Ismail THANSEEM, Auteur ; Kazuhiko NAKAMURA, Auteur ; Hideo MATSUZAKI, Auteur ; Kenji J. TSUCHIYA, Auteur ; Genichi SUGIHARA, Auteur ; Yasuhide IWATA, Auteur ; Katsuaki SUZUKI, Auteur ; Keita KOIZUMI, Auteur ; Haruhiro HIGASHIDA, Auteur ; Nori TAKEI, Auteur ; Norio MORI, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : 5 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND:Axon-guidance proteins play a crucial role in brain development. As the dysfunction of axon-guidance signaling is thought to underlie the microstructural abnormalities of the brain in people with autism, we examined the postmortem brains of people with autism to identify any changes in the expression of axon-guidance proteins.RESULTS:The mRNA and protein expression of axon-guidance proteins, including ephrin (EFN)A4, eEFNB3, plexin (PLXN)A4, roundabout 2 (ROBO)2 and ROBO3, were examined in the anterior cingulate cortex and primary motor cortex of autistic brains (n = 8 and n = 7, respectively) and control brains (n = 13 and n = 8, respectively) using real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that the relative expression levels of EFNB3, PLXNA4A and ROBO2 were significantly lower in the autistic group than in the control group. The protein levels of these three genes were further analyzed by western blotting, which showed that the immunoreactive values for PLXNA4 and ROBO2, but not for EFNB3, were significantly reduced in the ACC of the autistic brains compared with control brains.CONCLUSIONS:In this study, we found decreased expression of axon-guidance proteins such as PLXNA4 and ROBO2 in the brains of people with autism, and suggest that dysfunctional axon-guidance protein expression may play an important role in the pathophysiology of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-2-14 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=149 [article] Decreased expression of axon-guidance receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Shiro SUDA, Auteur ; Keiko IWATA, Auteur ; Chie SHIMMURA, Auteur ; Yosuke KAMENO, Auteur ; Ayyappan ANITHA, Auteur ; Ismail THANSEEM, Auteur ; Kazuhiko NAKAMURA, Auteur ; Hideo MATSUZAKI, Auteur ; Kenji J. TSUCHIYA, Auteur ; Genichi SUGIHARA, Auteur ; Yasuhide IWATA, Auteur ; Katsuaki SUZUKI, Auteur ; Keita KOIZUMI, Auteur ; Haruhiro HIGASHIDA, Auteur ; Nori TAKEI, Auteur ; Norio MORI, Auteur . - 2011 . - 5 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > (August 2011) . - 5 p. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND:Axon-guidance proteins play a crucial role in brain development. As the dysfunction of axon-guidance signaling is thought to underlie the microstructural abnormalities of the brain in people with autism, we examined the postmortem brains of people with autism to identify any changes in the expression of axon-guidance proteins.RESULTS:The mRNA and protein expression of axon-guidance proteins, including ephrin (EFN)A4, eEFNB3, plexin (PLXN)A4, roundabout 2 (ROBO)2 and ROBO3, were examined in the anterior cingulate cortex and primary motor cortex of autistic brains (n = 8 and n = 7, respectively) and control brains (n = 13 and n = 8, respectively) using real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that the relative expression levels of EFNB3, PLXNA4A and ROBO2 were significantly lower in the autistic group than in the control group. The protein levels of these three genes were further analyzed by western blotting, which showed that the immunoreactive values for PLXNA4 and ROBO2, but not for EFNB3, were significantly reduced in the ACC of the autistic brains compared with control brains.CONCLUSIONS:In this study, we found decreased expression of axon-guidance proteins such as PLXNA4 and ROBO2 in the brains of people with autism, and suggest that dysfunctional axon-guidance protein expression may play an important role in the pathophysiology of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-2-14 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=149

Enzymes in the glutamate-glutamine cycle in the anterior cingulate cortex in postmortem brain of subjects with autism / Chie SHIMMURA in Molecular Autism, (March 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > (March 2013) . - 7 p. Titre : Enzymes in the glutamate-glutamine cycle in the anterior cingulate cortex in postmortem brain of subjects with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Chie SHIMMURA, Auteur ; Katsuaki SUZUKI, Auteur ; Yasuhide IWATA, Auteur ; Kenji J. TSUCHIYA, Auteur ; Koji OHNO, Auteur ; Hideo MATSUZAKI, Auteur ; Keiko IWATA, Auteur ; Yosuke KAMENO, Auteur ; Taro TAKAHASHI, Auteur ; Tomoyasu WAKUDA, Auteur ; Kazuhiko NAKAMURA, Auteur ; Kenji HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; Norio MORI, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : 7 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Glutamate  Glutaminase  Glutamate-glutamine cycle  Anterior cingulate cortex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND:Accumulating evidence suggests that dysfunction in the glutamatergic system may underlie the pathophysiology of autism. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been implicated in autism as well as in glutamatergic neurotransmission. We hypothesized that alterations in the glutamate-glutamine cycle in the ACC might play a role in the pathophysiology of autism.METHODS:We performed Western blot analyses for the protein expression levels of enzymes in the glutamate-glutamine cycle, including glutamine synthetase, kidney-type glutaminase, liver-type glutaminase, and glutamate dehydrogenases 1 and 2, in the ACC of postmortem brain of individuals with autism (n=7) and control subjects (n=13).RESULTS:We found that the protein levels of kidney-type glutaminase, but not those of the other enzymes measured, in the ACC were significantly lower in subjects with autism than in controls.CONCLUSION:The results suggest that reduced expression of kidney-type glutaminase may account for putative alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the ACC in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-4-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202 [article] Enzymes in the glutamate-glutamine cycle in the anterior cingulate cortex in postmortem brain of subjects with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Chie SHIMMURA, Auteur ; Katsuaki SUZUKI, Auteur ; Yasuhide IWATA, Auteur ; Kenji J. TSUCHIYA, Auteur ; Koji OHNO, Auteur ; Hideo MATSUZAKI, Auteur ; Keiko IWATA, Auteur ; Yosuke KAMENO, Auteur ; Taro TAKAHASHI, Auteur ; Tomoyasu WAKUDA, Auteur ; Kazuhiko NAKAMURA, Auteur ; Kenji HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; Norio MORI, Auteur . - 2013 . - 7 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > (March 2013) . - 7 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Glutamate  Glutaminase  Glutamate-glutamine cycle  Anterior cingulate cortex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND:Accumulating evidence suggests that dysfunction in the glutamatergic system may underlie the pathophysiology of autism. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been implicated in autism as well as in glutamatergic neurotransmission. We hypothesized that alterations in the glutamate-glutamine cycle in the ACC might play a role in the pathophysiology of autism.METHODS:We performed Western blot analyses for the protein expression levels of enzymes in the glutamate-glutamine cycle, including glutamine synthetase, kidney-type glutaminase, liver-type glutaminase, and glutamate dehydrogenases 1 and 2, in the ACC of postmortem brain of individuals with autism (n=7) and control subjects (n=13).RESULTS:We found that the protein levels of kidney-type glutaminase, but not those of the other enzymes measured, in the ACC were significantly lower in subjects with autism than in controls.CONCLUSION:The results suggest that reduced expression of kidney-type glutaminase may account for putative alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the ACC in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-4-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202

Investigation of the serum levels of anterior pituitary hormones in male children with autism / Keiko IWATA in Molecular Autism, (October 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > (October 2011) . - 6 p. Titre : Investigation of the serum levels of anterior pituitary hormones in male children with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Keiko IWATA, Auteur ; Hideo MATSUZAKI, Auteur ; Taishi MIYACHI, Auteur ; Chie SHIMMURA, Auteur ; Shiro SUDA, Auteur ; Kenji J. TSUCHIYA, Auteur ; Kaori MATSUMOTO, Auteur ; Katsuaki SUZUKI, Auteur ; Yasuhide IWATA, Auteur ; Kazuhiko NAKAMURA, Auteur ; Masatsugu TSUJII, Auteur ; Toshiro SUGIYAMA, Auteur ; Kohji SATO, Auteur ; Norio MORI, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : 6 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND:The neurobiological basis of autism remains poorly understood. The diagnosis of autism is based solely on behavioural characteristics because there are currently no reliable biological markers. To test whether the anterior pituitary hormones and cortisol could be useful as biological markers for autism, we assessed the basal serum levels of these hormones in subjects with autism and normal controls.FINDINGS:Using a suspension array system, we determined the serum levels of six anterior pituitary hormones, including adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone, in 32 drug-naive subjects (aged 6 to 18 years, all boys) with autism, and 34 healthy controls matched for age and gender. We also determined cortisol levels in these subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone and cortisol were significantly higher in subjects with autism than in controls. In addition, there was a significantly positive correlation between cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels in autism.CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that increased basal serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone accompanied by increased cortisol and growth hormone may be useful biological markers for autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-2-16 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=149 [article] Investigation of the serum levels of anterior pituitary hormones in male children with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Keiko IWATA, Auteur ; Hideo MATSUZAKI, Auteur ; Taishi MIYACHI, Auteur ; Chie SHIMMURA, Auteur ; Shiro SUDA, Auteur ; Kenji J. TSUCHIYA, Auteur ; Kaori MATSUMOTO, Auteur ; Katsuaki SUZUKI, Auteur ; Yasuhide IWATA, Auteur ; Kazuhiko NAKAMURA, Auteur ; Masatsugu TSUJII, Auteur ; Toshiro SUGIYAMA, Auteur ; Kohji SATO, Auteur ; Norio MORI, Auteur . - 2011 . - 6 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > (October 2011) . - 6 p. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND:The neurobiological basis of autism remains poorly understood. The diagnosis of autism is based solely on behavioural characteristics because there are currently no reliable biological markers. To test whether the anterior pituitary hormones and cortisol could be useful as biological markers for autism, we assessed the basal serum levels of these hormones in subjects with autism and normal controls.FINDINGS:Using a suspension array system, we determined the serum levels of six anterior pituitary hormones, including adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone, in 32 drug-naive subjects (aged 6 to 18 years, all boys) with autism, and 34 healthy controls matched for age and gender. We also determined cortisol levels in these subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone and cortisol were significantly higher in subjects with autism than in controls. In addition, there was a significantly positive correlation between cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels in autism.CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that increased basal serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone accompanied by increased cortisol and growth hormone may be useful biological markers for autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-2-16 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=149

Vldlr overexpression causes hyperactivity in rats / Keiko IWATA in Molecular Autism, (October 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > (October 2012) . - 9 p. Titre : Vldlr overexpression causes hyperactivity in rats Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Keiko IWATA, Auteur ; Nobuo IZUMO, Auteur ; Hideo MATSUZAKI, Auteur ; Takayuki MANABE, Auteur ; Yukiko ISHIBASHI, Auteur ; Yukio ICHITANI, Auteur ; Kazuo YAMADA, Auteur ; Ismail THANSEEM, Auteur ; Ayyappan ANITHA, Auteur ; Mahesh VASU, Auteur ; Chie SHIMMURA, Auteur ; Tomoyasu WAKUDA, Auteur ; Yosuke KAMENO, Auteur ; Taro TAKAHASHI, Auteur ; Yasuhide IWATA, Auteur ; Katsuaki SUZUKI, Auteur ; Kazuhiko NAKAMURA, Auteur ; Norio MORI, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 9 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Hyperactivity  Neurodevelopmental disorder  Psychiatric disorder  Reelin  Transgenic rat  Vldlr Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND:Reelin regulates neuronal positioning in cortical brain structures and neuronal migration via binding to the lipoprotein receptors Vldlr and Lrp8. Reeler mutant mice display severe brain morphological defects and behavioral abnormalities. Several reports have implicated reelin signaling in the etiology of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, including autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Moreover, it has been reported that VLDLR mRNA levels are increased in the post-mortem brain of autistic patients.METHODS:We generated transgenic (Tg) rats overexpressing Vldlr, and examined their histological and behavioral features.RESULTS:Spontaneous locomotor activity was significantly increased in Tg rats, without detectable changes in brain histology. Additionally, Tg rats tended to show performance deficits in the radial maze task, suggesting that their spatial working memory was slightly impaired. Thus, Vldlr levels may be involved in determining locomotor activity and memory function.CONCLUSIONS:Unlike reeler mice, patients with neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders do not show striking neuroanatomical aberrations. Therefore, it is notable, from a clinical point of view, that we observed behavioral phenotypes in Vldlr-Tg rats in the absence of neuroanatomical abnormalities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-3-11 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202 [article] Vldlr overexpression causes hyperactivity in rats [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Keiko IWATA, Auteur ; Nobuo IZUMO, Auteur ; Hideo MATSUZAKI, Auteur ; Takayuki MANABE, Auteur ; Yukiko ISHIBASHI, Auteur ; Yukio ICHITANI, Auteur ; Kazuo YAMADA, Auteur ; Ismail THANSEEM, Auteur ; Ayyappan ANITHA, Auteur ; Mahesh VASU, Auteur ; Chie SHIMMURA, Auteur ; Tomoyasu WAKUDA, Auteur ; Yosuke KAMENO, Auteur ; Taro TAKAHASHI, Auteur ; Yasuhide IWATA, Auteur ; Katsuaki SUZUKI, Auteur ; Kazuhiko NAKAMURA, Auteur ; Norio MORI, Auteur . - 2012 . - 9 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > (October 2012) . - 9 p. Mots-clés : Hyperactivity  Neurodevelopmental disorder  Psychiatric disorder  Reelin  Transgenic rat  Vldlr Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND:Reelin regulates neuronal positioning in cortical brain structures and neuronal migration via binding to the lipoprotein receptors Vldlr and Lrp8. Reeler mutant mice display severe brain morphological defects and behavioral abnormalities. Several reports have implicated reelin signaling in the etiology of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, including autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Moreover, it has been reported that VLDLR mRNA levels are increased in the post-mortem brain of autistic patients.METHODS:We generated transgenic (Tg) rats overexpressing Vldlr, and examined their histological and behavioral features.RESULTS:Spontaneous locomotor activity was significantly increased in Tg rats, without detectable changes in brain histology. Additionally, Tg rats tended to show performance deficits in the radial maze task, suggesting that their spatial working memory was slightly impaired. Thus, Vldlr levels may be involved in determining locomotor activity and memory function.CONCLUSIONS:Unlike reeler mice, patients with neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders do not show striking neuroanatomical aberrations. Therefore, it is notable, from a clinical point of view, that we observed behavioral phenotypes in Vldlr-Tg rats in the absence of neuroanatomical abnormalities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-3-11 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202

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