Examination of neurological subtle signs in ADHD as a clinical tool for the diagnosis and their relationship to spatial working memory / Maite FERRIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-4 (April 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.390-400 Titre : Examination of neurological subtle signs in ADHD as a clinical tool for the diagnosis and their relationship to spatial working memory Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maite FERRIN, Auteur ; Alasdair VANCE, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.390-400 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Neurological subtle signs  ADHD, working memory  children/adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Neurological subtle signs (NSS) are minor neurological abnormalities that have been shown to be increased in a number of neurodevelopmental conditions. For attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), it remains unclear whether NSS may aid the clinical diagnostic process. Methods:  This study explored the association of total and specific domains of NSS in 1,055 children and adolescents with ADHD compared to 130 age-matched typically developing participants; the relationship between NSS and Spatial Working Memory (SWM) as a cognitive process integrally involved in ADHD was also assessed. To determine the diagnostic and predictive efficiency of NSS, a receiver operating curve analysis was performed and the area under the curve (AUC) quantified. The best discriminant points for differentiating between ADHD and typically developing participants and the predictive power of NSS for SWM impairment in ADHD young people were also calculated. Results:  Area under the curves for total NSS, smoothness/accuracy, cerebellar signs and choreo-athetoid movements scores were considered good (.84, .79, .74 and .73 respectively), and the results remained after controlling for gender and IQ. A total score of 13 or over on the Scored Developmental Neurological Examination proved to be a good threshold point for differentiating between the ADHD and typically developing participants. For ADHD children, the AUC of total NSS to distinguish between those below 25th and above 75th percentile were .77 and .73 for Spatial Span and for Between Search Errors respectively (the two SWM-dependent measures examined). Conclusions:  This study provides evidence suggesting that NSS may aid the clinical evaluation of a child or adolescent with ADHD. In children and adolescents with ADHD, NSS are associated with difficulties in SWM, specifically the Spatial Span and Between Search Error components. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02496.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 [article] Examination of neurological subtle signs in ADHD as a clinical tool for the diagnosis and their relationship to spatial working memory [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maite FERRIN, Auteur ; Alasdair VANCE, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.390-400. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.390-400 Mots-clés : Neurological subtle signs  ADHD, working memory  children/adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Neurological subtle signs (NSS) are minor neurological abnormalities that have been shown to be increased in a number of neurodevelopmental conditions. For attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), it remains unclear whether NSS may aid the clinical diagnostic process. Methods:  This study explored the association of total and specific domains of NSS in 1,055 children and adolescents with ADHD compared to 130 age-matched typically developing participants; the relationship between NSS and Spatial Working Memory (SWM) as a cognitive process integrally involved in ADHD was also assessed. To determine the diagnostic and predictive efficiency of NSS, a receiver operating curve analysis was performed and the area under the curve (AUC) quantified. The best discriminant points for differentiating between ADHD and typically developing participants and the predictive power of NSS for SWM impairment in ADHD young people were also calculated. Results:  Area under the curves for total NSS, smoothness/accuracy, cerebellar signs and choreo-athetoid movements scores were considered good (.84, .79, .74 and .73 respectively), and the results remained after controlling for gender and IQ. A total score of 13 or over on the Scored Developmental Neurological Examination proved to be a good threshold point for differentiating between the ADHD and typically developing participants. For ADHD children, the AUC of total NSS to distinguish between those below 25th and above 75th percentile were .77 and .73 for Spatial Span and for Between Search Errors respectively (the two SWM-dependent measures examined). Conclusions:  This study provides evidence suggesting that NSS may aid the clinical evaluation of a child or adolescent with ADHD. In children and adolescents with ADHD, NSS are associated with difficulties in SWM, specifically the Spatial Span and Between Search Error components. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02496.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152

Practitioner Review: Current best practice in the use of parent training and other behavioural interventions in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / David DALEY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-9 (September 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.932-947 Titre : Practitioner Review: Current best practice in the use of parent training and other behavioural interventions in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : David DALEY, Auteur ; Saskia VAN DER OORD, Auteur ; Maite FERRIN, Auteur ; Samuele CORTESE, Auteur ; Marina DANCKAERTS, Auteur ; Manfred DOEPFNER, Auteur ; Barbara J. VAN DEN HOOFDAKKER, Auteur ; David COGHILL, Auteur ; Margaret THOMPSON, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Daniel BRANDEIS, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Ralf W. DITTMANN, Auteur ; Chris HOLLIS, Auteur ; Martin HOLTMANN, Auteur ; Eric KONOFAL, Auteur ; Michel LECENDREUX, Auteur ; Aribert ROTHENBERGER, Auteur ; Paramala SANTOSH, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Cesar SOUTULLO, Auteur ; Hans Christoph STEINHAUSEN, Auteur ; Argyris STRINGARIS, Auteur ; Eric TAYLOR, Auteur ; Ian C. K. WONG, Auteur ; Alessandro ZUDDAS, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.932-947 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  behaviour therapy  conduct disorder  parent training  treatment trials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Behavioural interventions are recommended for use with children and young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, specific guidance for their implementation based on the best available evidence is currently lacking. Methods This review used an explicit question and answer format to address issues of clinical concern, based on expert interpretation of the evidence with precedence given to meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. Results On the basis of current evidence that takes into account whether outcomes are blinded, behavioural intervention cannot be supported as a front-line treatment for core ADHD symptoms. There is, however, evidence from measures that are probably blinded that these interventions benefit parenting practices and improve conduct problems which commonly co-occur with ADHD, and are often the main reason for referral. Initial positive results have also been found in relation to parental knowledge, children's emotional, social and academic functioning ? although most studies have not used blinded outcomes. Generic and specialised ADHD parent training approaches ? delivered either individually or in groups ? have reported beneficial effects. High-quality training, supervision of therapists and practice with the child, may improve outcomes but further evidence is required. Evidence for who benefits the most from behavioural interventions is scant. There is no evidence to limit behavioural treatments to parents with parenting difficulties or children with conduct problems. There are positive effects of additive school-based intervention for the inattentive subtype. Targeting parental depression may enhance the effects of behavioural interventions. Conclusions Parent training is an important part of the multimodal treatment of children with ADHD, which improves parenting, reduces levels of oppositional and noncompliant behaviours and may improve other aspects of functioning. However, blinded evidence does not support it as a specific treatment for core ADHD symptoms. More research is required to understand how to optimise treatment effectiveness either in general or for individual patients and explore potential barriers to treatment uptake and engagement. In terms of selecting which intervention formats to use, it seems important to acknowledge and respond to parental treatment preferences. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12825 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] Practitioner Review: Current best practice in the use of parent training and other behavioural interventions in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / David DALEY, Auteur ; Saskia VAN DER OORD, Auteur ; Maite FERRIN, Auteur ; Samuele CORTESE, Auteur ; Marina DANCKAERTS, Auteur ; Manfred DOEPFNER, Auteur ; Barbara J. VAN DEN HOOFDAKKER, Auteur ; David COGHILL, Auteur ; Margaret THOMPSON, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Daniel BRANDEIS, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Ralf W. DITTMANN, Auteur ; Chris HOLLIS, Auteur ; Martin HOLTMANN, Auteur ; Eric KONOFAL, Auteur ; Michel LECENDREUX, Auteur ; Aribert ROTHENBERGER, Auteur ; Paramala SANTOSH, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Cesar SOUTULLO, Auteur ; Hans Christoph STEINHAUSEN, Auteur ; Argyris STRINGARIS, Auteur ; Eric TAYLOR, Auteur ; Ian C. K. WONG, Auteur ; Alessandro ZUDDAS, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur . - p.932-947. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.932-947 Mots-clés : ADHD  behaviour therapy  conduct disorder  parent training  treatment trials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Behavioural interventions are recommended for use with children and young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, specific guidance for their implementation based on the best available evidence is currently lacking. Methods This review used an explicit question and answer format to address issues of clinical concern, based on expert interpretation of the evidence with precedence given to meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. Results On the basis of current evidence that takes into account whether outcomes are blinded, behavioural intervention cannot be supported as a front-line treatment for core ADHD symptoms. There is, however, evidence from measures that are probably blinded that these interventions benefit parenting practices and improve conduct problems which commonly co-occur with ADHD, and are often the main reason for referral. Initial positive results have also been found in relation to parental knowledge, children's emotional, social and academic functioning ? although most studies have not used blinded outcomes. Generic and specialised ADHD parent training approaches ? delivered either individually or in groups ? have reported beneficial effects. High-quality training, supervision of therapists and practice with the child, may improve outcomes but further evidence is required. Evidence for who benefits the most from behavioural interventions is scant. There is no evidence to limit behavioural treatments to parents with parenting difficulties or children with conduct problems. There are positive effects of additive school-based intervention for the inattentive subtype. Targeting parental depression may enhance the effects of behavioural interventions. Conclusions Parent training is an important part of the multimodal treatment of children with ADHD, which improves parenting, reduces levels of oppositional and noncompliant behaviours and may improve other aspects of functioning. However, blinded evidence does not support it as a specific treatment for core ADHD symptoms. More research is required to understand how to optimise treatment effectiveness either in general or for individual patients and explore potential barriers to treatment uptake and engagement. In terms of selecting which intervention formats to use, it seems important to acknowledge and respond to parental treatment preferences. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12825 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368

Research Review: Mechanisms of change and between-family differences in parenting interventions for children with ADHD - an individual participant data meta-analysis / Constantina PSYLLOU in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 66-9 (September 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-9 (September 2025) . - p.1304-1319 Titre : Research Review: Mechanisms of change and between-family differences in parenting interventions for children with ADHD - an individual participant data meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Constantina PSYLLOU, Auteur ; Marjolein LUMAN, Auteur ; Barbara J. VAN DEN HOOFDAKKER, Auteur ; Saskia VAN DER OORD, Auteur ; Asma AGHEBATI, Auteur ; Bianca BOYER, Auteur ; Jan BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Andrea CHRONIS-TUSCANO, Auteur ; David DALEY, Auteur ; Tycho J. DEKKERS, Auteur ; George J. DUPAUL, Auteur ; Gregory A. FABIANO, Auteur ; Maite FERRIN, Auteur ; Nike FRANKE, Auteur ; Naama Gershy TSAHOR, Auteur ; Elizabeth HARVEY, Auteur ; Timo HENNIG, Auteur ; Sharonne HERBERT, Auteur ; Pieter J. HOEKSTRA, Auteur ; Lee KERN, Auteur ; Jennifer A. MAUTONE, Auteur ; Amori Yee MIKAMI, Auteur ; Sébastien NORMAND, Auteur ; Linda J. PFIFFNER, Auteur ; Shizuka SHIMABUKURO, Auteur ; Satyam Antonio SCHRAMM, Auteur ; Julie B. SCHWEITZER, Auteur ; Margaret H. SIBLEY, Auteur ; Edmund SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Catherine THOMPSON, Auteur ; Margaret J. THOMPSON, Auteur ; Gail TRIPP, Auteur ; Carolyn WEBSTER-STRATTON, Auteur ; Yuhuan XIE, Auteur ; Patty LEIJTEN, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1304-1319 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Parent training  ADHD  parenting  meta-analysis  structural equation modelling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Understanding the mechanisms of change and between-family differences in behavioural parenting interventions for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may help personalise interventions. Therefore, we examined whether improvements in parenting are associated with changes in child behaviour and functional outcomes, and how these associations vary based on parents' baseline parenting levels. Methods We collected individual participant data including 19 randomised controlled trials focusing on children with ADHD (n?=?1,720). Immediate post-intervention measures of child ADHD and oppositional behaviour severity, reported by parents and functional impairment reported by either the parent or probably masked clinicians, were treated as outcomes. We estimated pathways from intervention (vs. control) to child outcomes, via immediate post-intervention parent reports of constructive parenting (e.g. praise), non-constructive parenting (e.g. physical punishment) and parent?child affection (e.g. warmth), while controlling for baseline values of both child outcomes and parenting levels. Baseline values of each parenting variable were used as moderators of the mediated pathways. Results Improvements in parenting behaviours and parent?child affection immediately following the intervention jointly explained concurrent improvements in children's ADHD severity, oppositional behaviour and functional impairment. Furthermore, when reversing the direction of the pathways, improvements in all child outcomes jointly explained improvements in each aspect of parenting. Improvements in non-constructive parenting and parent?child affection uniquely accounted for intervention effects on functional impairment, especially for families with higher baseline levels of non-constructive parenting. Conclusions Our findings might indicate that improvements in both the behavioural and affective aspects of parenting are associated with concurrent reductions in child behaviour problems and functional impairment. However, more research is necessary to explore the potential causal directionality between parenting and child outcomes. Nonetheless, supporting families with poorer parenting skills may be especially important, as reductions in non-constructive parenting in these families are linked to stronger treatment effects on child functional impairment. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14120 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=566 [article] Research Review: Mechanisms of change and between-family differences in parenting interventions for children with ADHD - an individual participant data meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Constantina PSYLLOU, Auteur ; Marjolein LUMAN, Auteur ; Barbara J. VAN DEN HOOFDAKKER, Auteur ; Saskia VAN DER OORD, Auteur ; Asma AGHEBATI, Auteur ; Bianca BOYER, Auteur ; Jan BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Andrea CHRONIS-TUSCANO, Auteur ; David DALEY, Auteur ; Tycho J. DEKKERS, Auteur ; George J. DUPAUL, Auteur ; Gregory A. FABIANO, Auteur ; Maite FERRIN, Auteur ; Nike FRANKE, Auteur ; Naama Gershy TSAHOR, Auteur ; Elizabeth HARVEY, Auteur ; Timo HENNIG, Auteur ; Sharonne HERBERT, Auteur ; Pieter J. HOEKSTRA, Auteur ; Lee KERN, Auteur ; Jennifer A. MAUTONE, Auteur ; Amori Yee MIKAMI, Auteur ; Sébastien NORMAND, Auteur ; Linda J. PFIFFNER, Auteur ; Shizuka SHIMABUKURO, Auteur ; Satyam Antonio SCHRAMM, Auteur ; Julie B. SCHWEITZER, Auteur ; Margaret H. SIBLEY, Auteur ; Edmund SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Catherine THOMPSON, Auteur ; Margaret J. THOMPSON, Auteur ; Gail TRIPP, Auteur ; Carolyn WEBSTER-STRATTON, Auteur ; Yuhuan XIE, Auteur ; Patty LEIJTEN, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur . - p.1304-1319. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-9 (September 2025) . - p.1304-1319 Mots-clés : Parent training  ADHD  parenting  meta-analysis  structural equation modelling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Understanding the mechanisms of change and between-family differences in behavioural parenting interventions for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may help personalise interventions. Therefore, we examined whether improvements in parenting are associated with changes in child behaviour and functional outcomes, and how these associations vary based on parents' baseline parenting levels. Methods We collected individual participant data including 19 randomised controlled trials focusing on children with ADHD (n?=?1,720). Immediate post-intervention measures of child ADHD and oppositional behaviour severity, reported by parents and functional impairment reported by either the parent or probably masked clinicians, were treated as outcomes. We estimated pathways from intervention (vs. control) to child outcomes, via immediate post-intervention parent reports of constructive parenting (e.g. praise), non-constructive parenting (e.g. physical punishment) and parent?child affection (e.g. warmth), while controlling for baseline values of both child outcomes and parenting levels. Baseline values of each parenting variable were used as moderators of the mediated pathways. Results Improvements in parenting behaviours and parent?child affection immediately following the intervention jointly explained concurrent improvements in children's ADHD severity, oppositional behaviour and functional impairment. Furthermore, when reversing the direction of the pathways, improvements in all child outcomes jointly explained improvements in each aspect of parenting. Improvements in non-constructive parenting and parent?child affection uniquely accounted for intervention effects on functional impairment, especially for families with higher baseline levels of non-constructive parenting. Conclusions Our findings might indicate that improvements in both the behavioural and affective aspects of parenting are associated with concurrent reductions in child behaviour problems and functional impairment. However, more research is necessary to explore the potential causal directionality between parenting and child outcomes. Nonetheless, supporting families with poorer parenting skills may be especially important, as reductions in non-constructive parenting in these families are linked to stronger treatment effects on child functional impairment. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14120 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=566

Research Review: The role of diet in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder – an appraisal of the evidence on efficacy and recommendations on the design of future studies / Jim STEVENSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.416-427 Titre : Research Review: The role of diet in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder – an appraisal of the evidence on efficacy and recommendations on the design of future studies Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jim STEVENSON, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Samuele CORTESE, Auteur ; Maite FERRIN, Auteur ; Eric KONOFAL, Auteur ; Michel LECENDREUX, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Ian C. K. WONG, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Adhd Guidelines Group THE EUROPEAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.416-427 Mots-clés : ADHD  meta-analysis  food colours  fatty acid  elimination diet  food supplements Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The efficacy of three dietary treatments for ADHD has been repeatedly tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). These interventions are restricted elimination diets (RED), artificial food colour elimination (AFCE) and supplementation with free fatty acids (SFFA). There have been three systematic reviews and associated meta-analyses of the RCTs for each of these treatments. Scope The aim of this review is to critically appraise the studies on the dietary treatments of ADHD, to compare the various meta-analyses of their efficacy that have been published and to identify where the design of such RCTs could be improved and where further investigations are needed. Findings The meta-analyses differ in the inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to potentially eligible studies. The range of average effect sizes in standard deviation units is RED (0.29–1.2), AFCE (0.18–0.42) and SFFA (0.17–0.31). The methodology of many of the trials on which the meta-analyses are based is weak. Conclusions Nevertheless, there is evidence from well-conducted studies for a small effect of SFFA. Restricted elimination diets may be beneficial, but large-scale studies are needed on unselected children, using blind assessment and including assessment of long-term outcome. Artificial food colour elimination is a potentially valuable treatment but its effect size remains uncertain, as does the type of child for whom it is likely to be efficacious. There are additional dietary supplements that have been used with children with ADHD. A systematic search identified 11 RCTs that investigated the effects of these food supplements. Despite positive results for some individual trials, more studies are required before conclusions can be reached on the value in reducing ADHD symptoms of any of these additional supplements. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12215 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231 [article] Research Review: The role of diet in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder – an appraisal of the evidence on efficacy and recommendations on the design of future studies [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jim STEVENSON, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Samuele CORTESE, Auteur ; Maite FERRIN, Auteur ; Eric KONOFAL, Auteur ; Michel LECENDREUX, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Ian C. K. WONG, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Adhd Guidelines Group THE EUROPEAN, Auteur . - p.416-427. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.416-427 Mots-clés : ADHD  meta-analysis  food colours  fatty acid  elimination diet  food supplements Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The efficacy of three dietary treatments for ADHD has been repeatedly tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). These interventions are restricted elimination diets (RED), artificial food colour elimination (AFCE) and supplementation with free fatty acids (SFFA). There have been three systematic reviews and associated meta-analyses of the RCTs for each of these treatments. Scope The aim of this review is to critically appraise the studies on the dietary treatments of ADHD, to compare the various meta-analyses of their efficacy that have been published and to identify where the design of such RCTs could be improved and where further investigations are needed. Findings The meta-analyses differ in the inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to potentially eligible studies. The range of average effect sizes in standard deviation units is RED (0.29–1.2), AFCE (0.18–0.42) and SFFA (0.17–0.31). The methodology of many of the trials on which the meta-analyses are based is weak. Conclusions Nevertheless, there is evidence from well-conducted studies for a small effect of SFFA. Restricted elimination diets may be beneficial, but large-scale studies are needed on unselected children, using blind assessment and including assessment of long-term outcome. Artificial food colour elimination is a potentially valuable treatment but its effect size remains uncertain, as does the type of child for whom it is likely to be efficacious. There are additional dietary supplements that have been used with children with ADHD. A systematic search identified 11 RCTs that investigated the effects of these food supplements. Despite positive results for some individual trials, more studies are required before conclusions can be reached on the value in reducing ADHD symptoms of any of these additional supplements. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12215 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231

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