Dépouillements

Editorial: The power of treatment studies to explore causal processes in childhood disorders / Courtenay F. NORBURY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.413-415 Titre : Editorial: The power of treatment studies to explore causal processes in childhood disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Courtenay F. NORBURY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.413-415 Mots-clés : Causal influences  developmental disorders  mediators of change  mechanism of action  response to treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We all have a tendency to be easily seduced by Occam's razor, or the desire to accept the simplest hypothesis to explain a given phenomenon. If we observe that children with ADHD come from more impoverished backgrounds or have diets that contain more additives than their peers, then a parsimonious theory would be that poverty and/or diet are causal factors in the development of ADHD. Such theories are all the more attractive because they suggest potential targets for intervention: improve family circumstances and child diet and symptoms of ADHD should diminish. Of course in reality untangling causal relationships is much more complicated. We now accept that many common disorders reflect the confluence of genetic and environmental risk factors, but that any given risk factor is likely to account for only a tiny amount of explained variance in symptom profile. What's more, in order to fulfil the promise of intervention, we must begin to unravel the precise mechanisms by which identified risk factors affect the developing system. This issue showcases two key methodologies for understanding causal influences on developmental disorders: longitudinal designs and well-controlled intervention studies. Both may employ statistical techniques that can identify the mediators of observed associations, elucidating potential mechanistic processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12239 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231 [article] Editorial: The power of treatment studies to explore causal processes in childhood disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Courtenay F. NORBURY, Auteur . - p.413-415. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.413-415 Mots-clés : Causal influences  developmental disorders  mediators of change  mechanism of action  response to treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We all have a tendency to be easily seduced by Occam's razor, or the desire to accept the simplest hypothesis to explain a given phenomenon. If we observe that children with ADHD come from more impoverished backgrounds or have diets that contain more additives than their peers, then a parsimonious theory would be that poverty and/or diet are causal factors in the development of ADHD. Such theories are all the more attractive because they suggest potential targets for intervention: improve family circumstances and child diet and symptoms of ADHD should diminish. Of course in reality untangling causal relationships is much more complicated. We now accept that many common disorders reflect the confluence of genetic and environmental risk factors, but that any given risk factor is likely to account for only a tiny amount of explained variance in symptom profile. What's more, in order to fulfil the promise of intervention, we must begin to unravel the precise mechanisms by which identified risk factors affect the developing system. This issue showcases two key methodologies for understanding causal influences on developmental disorders: longitudinal designs and well-controlled intervention studies. Both may employ statistical techniques that can identify the mediators of observed associations, elucidating potential mechanistic processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12239 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231

Research Review: The role of diet in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder – an appraisal of the evidence on efficacy and recommendations on the design of future studies / Jim STEVENSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.416-427 Titre : Research Review: The role of diet in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder – an appraisal of the evidence on efficacy and recommendations on the design of future studies Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jim STEVENSON, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Samuele CORTESE, Auteur ; Maite FERRIN, Auteur ; Eric KONOFAL, Auteur ; Michel LECENDREUX, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Ian C. K. WONG, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Adhd Guidelines Group THE EUROPEAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.416-427 Mots-clés : ADHD  meta-analysis  food colours  fatty acid  elimination diet  food supplements Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The efficacy of three dietary treatments for ADHD has been repeatedly tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). These interventions are restricted elimination diets (RED), artificial food colour elimination (AFCE) and supplementation with free fatty acids (SFFA). There have been three systematic reviews and associated meta-analyses of the RCTs for each of these treatments. Scope The aim of this review is to critically appraise the studies on the dietary treatments of ADHD, to compare the various meta-analyses of their efficacy that have been published and to identify where the design of such RCTs could be improved and where further investigations are needed. Findings The meta-analyses differ in the inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to potentially eligible studies. The range of average effect sizes in standard deviation units is RED (0.29–1.2), AFCE (0.18–0.42) and SFFA (0.17–0.31). The methodology of many of the trials on which the meta-analyses are based is weak. Conclusions Nevertheless, there is evidence from well-conducted studies for a small effect of SFFA. Restricted elimination diets may be beneficial, but large-scale studies are needed on unselected children, using blind assessment and including assessment of long-term outcome. Artificial food colour elimination is a potentially valuable treatment but its effect size remains uncertain, as does the type of child for whom it is likely to be efficacious. There are additional dietary supplements that have been used with children with ADHD. A systematic search identified 11 RCTs that investigated the effects of these food supplements. Despite positive results for some individual trials, more studies are required before conclusions can be reached on the value in reducing ADHD symptoms of any of these additional supplements. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12215 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231 [article] Research Review: The role of diet in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder – an appraisal of the evidence on efficacy and recommendations on the design of future studies [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jim STEVENSON, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Samuele CORTESE, Auteur ; Maite FERRIN, Auteur ; Eric KONOFAL, Auteur ; Michel LECENDREUX, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Ian C. K. WONG, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Adhd Guidelines Group THE EUROPEAN, Auteur . - p.416-427. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.416-427 Mots-clés : ADHD  meta-analysis  food colours  fatty acid  elimination diet  food supplements Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The efficacy of three dietary treatments for ADHD has been repeatedly tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). These interventions are restricted elimination diets (RED), artificial food colour elimination (AFCE) and supplementation with free fatty acids (SFFA). There have been three systematic reviews and associated meta-analyses of the RCTs for each of these treatments. Scope The aim of this review is to critically appraise the studies on the dietary treatments of ADHD, to compare the various meta-analyses of their efficacy that have been published and to identify where the design of such RCTs could be improved and where further investigations are needed. Findings The meta-analyses differ in the inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to potentially eligible studies. The range of average effect sizes in standard deviation units is RED (0.29–1.2), AFCE (0.18–0.42) and SFFA (0.17–0.31). The methodology of many of the trials on which the meta-analyses are based is weak. Conclusions Nevertheless, there is evidence from well-conducted studies for a small effect of SFFA. Restricted elimination diets may be beneficial, but large-scale studies are needed on unselected children, using blind assessment and including assessment of long-term outcome. Artificial food colour elimination is a potentially valuable treatment but its effect size remains uncertain, as does the type of child for whom it is likely to be efficacious. There are additional dietary supplements that have been used with children with ADHD. A systematic search identified 11 RCTs that investigated the effects of these food supplements. Despite positive results for some individual trials, more studies are required before conclusions can be reached on the value in reducing ADHD symptoms of any of these additional supplements. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12215 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231

Family income in early childhood and subsequent attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a quasi-experimental study / Henrik LARSSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.428-435 Titre : Family income in early childhood and subsequent attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a quasi-experimental study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Henrik LARSSON, Auteur ; Amir SARIASLAN, Auteur ; Niklas LANGSTROM, Auteur ; Brian M. D'ONOFRIO, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.428-435 Mots-clés : ADHD  family income  childhood  causality  quasi-experimental approaches Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Studies have found negative associations between socioeconomic position and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but it remains unclear if this association is causal. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the association between family income in early childhood and subsequent ADHD depends on measured and unmeasured selection factors. Methods A total of 811,803 individuals born in Sweden between 1992 and 2000 were included in this nationwide population-based cohort study. Diagnosis of ADHD was assessed via the Swedish national Patient Register and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Annual family income during offspring's first 5 years in life was collected prospectively from the Swedish Integrated Database for Labour Market Research and divided into quartiles by (lower) family disposable income. We predicted ADHD from family income while controlling for covariates and also comparing differently exposed cousins and siblings to control for unmeasured familial confounding. Results The crude analyses suggested that children exposed to lower income levels were at increased risk for ADHD (HRQuartile1 = 2.52; 95% CI, 2.42–2.63; HRQuartile2 = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.45–1.58; HRQuartile3 = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.14–1.15). This dose-dependent association decreased after adjustment for measured covariates (HRQuartile1 = 2.09; 95% CI, 2.00–2.19; HRQuartile2 = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.30–1.42; HRQuartile3 = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08–1.18). Although the association was attenuated in cousin comparisons (HRQuartile1 = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.40–1.84; HRQuartile2 = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.12–1.45; HRQuartile3 = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01–1.28) and sibling comparison models (HRQuartile1 = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.07–1.75; HRQuartile2 = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.12–1.68; HRQuartile3 = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04–1.45), it remained statistically significant across all levels of decreased disposable family income. Conclusions Our results indicated that low family income in early childhood was associated with increased likelihood of ADHD. The link remained even after controlling for unmeasured selection factors, highlighting family income in early childhood as a marker of causal factors for ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12140 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231 [article] Family income in early childhood and subsequent attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a quasi-experimental study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Henrik LARSSON, Auteur ; Amir SARIASLAN, Auteur ; Niklas LANGSTROM, Auteur ; Brian M. D'ONOFRIO, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur . - p.428-435. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.428-435 Mots-clés : ADHD  family income  childhood  causality  quasi-experimental approaches Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Studies have found negative associations between socioeconomic position and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but it remains unclear if this association is causal. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the association between family income in early childhood and subsequent ADHD depends on measured and unmeasured selection factors. Methods A total of 811,803 individuals born in Sweden between 1992 and 2000 were included in this nationwide population-based cohort study. Diagnosis of ADHD was assessed via the Swedish national Patient Register and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Annual family income during offspring's first 5 years in life was collected prospectively from the Swedish Integrated Database for Labour Market Research and divided into quartiles by (lower) family disposable income. We predicted ADHD from family income while controlling for covariates and also comparing differently exposed cousins and siblings to control for unmeasured familial confounding. Results The crude analyses suggested that children exposed to lower income levels were at increased risk for ADHD (HRQuartile1 = 2.52; 95% CI, 2.42–2.63; HRQuartile2 = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.45–1.58; HRQuartile3 = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.14–1.15). This dose-dependent association decreased after adjustment for measured covariates (HRQuartile1 = 2.09; 95% CI, 2.00–2.19; HRQuartile2 = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.30–1.42; HRQuartile3 = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08–1.18). Although the association was attenuated in cousin comparisons (HRQuartile1 = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.40–1.84; HRQuartile2 = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.12–1.45; HRQuartile3 = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01–1.28) and sibling comparison models (HRQuartile1 = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.07–1.75; HRQuartile2 = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.12–1.68; HRQuartile3 = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04–1.45), it remained statistically significant across all levels of decreased disposable family income. Conclusions Our results indicated that low family income in early childhood was associated with increased likelihood of ADHD. The link remained even after controlling for unmeasured selection factors, highlighting family income in early childhood as a marker of causal factors for ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12140 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231

The association of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with socioeconomic disadvantage: alternative explanations and evidence / Ginny RUSSELL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.436-445 Titre : The association of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with socioeconomic disadvantage: alternative explanations and evidence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ginny RUSSELL, Auteur ; Tamsin FORD, Auteur ; Rachel ROSENBERG, Auteur ; Susan KELLY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.436-445 Mots-clés : ADHD  child development  longitudinal studies  social class  sociocultural influence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Studies throughout Northern Europe, the United States and Australia have found an association between childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and family socioeconomic disadvantage. We report further evidence for the association and review potential causal pathways that might explain the link. Method Secondary analysis of a UK birth cohort (the Millennium Cohort Study, N = 19,519) was used to model the association of ADHD with socioeconomic disadvantage and assess evidence for several potential explanatory pathways. The case definition of ADHD was a parent-report of whether ADHD had been identified by a medical doctor or health professional when children were 7 years old. Results ADHD was associated with a range of indicators of social and economic disadvantage including poverty, housing tenure, maternal education, income, lone parenthood and younger motherhood. There was no evidence to suggest childhood ADHD was a causal factor of socioeconomic disadvantage: income did not decrease for parents of children with ADHD compared to controls over the 7-year study period. No clinical bias towards labelling ADHD in low SES groups was detected. There was evidence to suggest that parent attachment/family conflict mediated the relationship between ADHD and SES. Conclusion Although genetic and neurological determinants may be the primary predictors of difficulties with activity level and attention, aetiology appears to be influenced by socioeconomic situation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12170 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231 [article] The association of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with socioeconomic disadvantage: alternative explanations and evidence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ginny RUSSELL, Auteur ; Tamsin FORD, Auteur ; Rachel ROSENBERG, Auteur ; Susan KELLY, Auteur . - p.436-445. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.436-445 Mots-clés : ADHD  child development  longitudinal studies  social class  sociocultural influence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Studies throughout Northern Europe, the United States and Australia have found an association between childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and family socioeconomic disadvantage. We report further evidence for the association and review potential causal pathways that might explain the link. Method Secondary analysis of a UK birth cohort (the Millennium Cohort Study, N = 19,519) was used to model the association of ADHD with socioeconomic disadvantage and assess evidence for several potential explanatory pathways. The case definition of ADHD was a parent-report of whether ADHD had been identified by a medical doctor or health professional when children were 7 years old. Results ADHD was associated with a range of indicators of social and economic disadvantage including poverty, housing tenure, maternal education, income, lone parenthood and younger motherhood. There was no evidence to suggest childhood ADHD was a causal factor of socioeconomic disadvantage: income did not decrease for parents of children with ADHD compared to controls over the 7-year study period. No clinical bias towards labelling ADHD in low SES groups was detected. There was evidence to suggest that parent attachment/family conflict mediated the relationship between ADHD and SES. Conclusion Although genetic and neurological determinants may be the primary predictors of difficulties with activity level and attention, aetiology appears to be influenced by socioeconomic situation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12170 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231

Commentary: ADHD and social disadvantage: an inconvenient truth? – a reflection on Russell et al. () and Larsson et al. () / Joel T. NIGG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.446-447 Titre : Commentary: ADHD and social disadvantage: an inconvenient truth? – a reflection on Russell et al. () and Larsson et al. () Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joel T. NIGG, Auteur ; Lindsay CRAVER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.446-447 Mots-clés : ADHD  social disadvantage  epigtenetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the 1950's, many experts believed hyperkinesis was a neurotic reaction to inner conflicts arising from early family experiences. In the 1990's, many experts believed ADHD to be ‘genetic’ (without a mechanistic explanation of what that meant). Both views appear naïve today in a scientific world grappling with the complexity of highly plastic gene expression, gene x environment interplay, and epigenetic, context-dependent emergence of psychopathology. Both views also fail to account for the uncomfortable fact that ADHD is also associated with social disadvantage – a level of analysis required in a developmental psychopathology approach. That developmental psychopathology approach, pioneered a generation ago, initially emphasized the accumulation of risk and protective factors, and emerged in a contemporary systemic approach that seeks to determine whether it is risk accumulation (e.g., allostatic load) or specific risk factors (e.g., family process) that mechanistically shape psychopathology. Despite the prominence of the developmental psychopathology perspective, the social context of ADHD is surprisingly neglected today. Both Russell et al. (this issue, 2014) and Larsson et al. (this issue, 2014) take strides toward remedying this state of affairs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12237 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231 [article] Commentary: ADHD and social disadvantage: an inconvenient truth? – a reflection on Russell et al. () and Larsson et al. () [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joel T. NIGG, Auteur ; Lindsay CRAVER, Auteur . - p.446-447. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.446-447 Mots-clés : ADHD  social disadvantage  epigtenetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the 1950's, many experts believed hyperkinesis was a neurotic reaction to inner conflicts arising from early family experiences. In the 1990's, many experts believed ADHD to be ‘genetic’ (without a mechanistic explanation of what that meant). Both views appear naïve today in a scientific world grappling with the complexity of highly plastic gene expression, gene x environment interplay, and epigenetic, context-dependent emergence of psychopathology. Both views also fail to account for the uncomfortable fact that ADHD is also associated with social disadvantage – a level of analysis required in a developmental psychopathology approach. That developmental psychopathology approach, pioneered a generation ago, initially emphasized the accumulation of risk and protective factors, and emerged in a contemporary systemic approach that seeks to determine whether it is risk accumulation (e.g., allostatic load) or specific risk factors (e.g., family process) that mechanistically shape psychopathology. Despite the prominence of the developmental psychopathology perspective, the social context of ADHD is surprisingly neglected today. Both Russell et al. (this issue, 2014) and Larsson et al. (this issue, 2014) take strides toward remedying this state of affairs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12237 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231

Serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype and stressful life events interact to predict preschool-onset depression: a replication and developmental extension / Ryan BOGDAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.448-457 Titre : Serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype and stressful life events interact to predict preschool-onset depression: a replication and developmental extension Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ryan BOGDAN, Auteur ; Arpana AGRAWAL, Auteur ; Michael S. GAFFREY, Auteur ; Rebecca TILLMAN, Auteur ; Joan L. LUBY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.448-457 Mots-clés : Depression  stress  5-HTTLPR  serotonin  gene*  interaction  plasticity  childhood  development  gene × environment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Scientific enthusiasm about gene × environment interactions, spurred by the 5-HTTLPR (serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region) × SLEs (stressful life events) interaction predicting depression, have recently been tempered by sober realizations of small effects and meta-analyses reaching opposing conclusions. These mixed findings highlight the need for further research. Converging evidence suggests that the effects of 5-HTTLPR genotype may be neurodevelopmental in origin, but we are not aware of empirical studies that have investigated whether the 5-HTTLPR genotype × SLE interaction predicts preschool-onset depression (PO-MDD), the earliest validated form of depression. Methods Children (n = 234) aged 3–5 were recruited for a longitudinal study designed to examine PO-MDD. In a comprehensive baseline assessment, the child's primary caregivers completed questionnaires and were interviewed about their child's behaviors, psychiatric symptoms, and exposure to SLEs. Results A 5-HTTLPR × SLEs interaction emerged, such that children homozygous for the short allele were more susceptible to depression in the context of elevated SLE than long allele carriers. In contrast, at low SLE exposure, short allele homozygotes had fewer depressive symptoms. The data were best fit by a plasticity model with a substantial reduction in fit by diathesis-stress models. Conclusions Extending studies in adult and adolescent populations, these data suggest that 5-HTTLPR genotype may provide plasticity to environmental influence, for better or worse. Specifically, children homozygous for the short allele were more susceptible to the depressogenic effects of SLEs but benefitted, in the form of reduced depressive symptoms, in the context of relatively benign environmental conditions (i.e. relatively low SLE exposure). These data highlight the importance of examining gene × environment interactions across development, environment, and outcome but should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12142 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231 [article] Serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype and stressful life events interact to predict preschool-onset depression: a replication and developmental extension [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ryan BOGDAN, Auteur ; Arpana AGRAWAL, Auteur ; Michael S. GAFFREY, Auteur ; Rebecca TILLMAN, Auteur ; Joan L. LUBY, Auteur . - p.448-457. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.448-457 Mots-clés : Depression  stress  5-HTTLPR  serotonin  gene*  interaction  plasticity  childhood  development  gene × environment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Scientific enthusiasm about gene × environment interactions, spurred by the 5-HTTLPR (serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region) × SLEs (stressful life events) interaction predicting depression, have recently been tempered by sober realizations of small effects and meta-analyses reaching opposing conclusions. These mixed findings highlight the need for further research. Converging evidence suggests that the effects of 5-HTTLPR genotype may be neurodevelopmental in origin, but we are not aware of empirical studies that have investigated whether the 5-HTTLPR genotype × SLE interaction predicts preschool-onset depression (PO-MDD), the earliest validated form of depression. Methods Children (n = 234) aged 3–5 were recruited for a longitudinal study designed to examine PO-MDD. In a comprehensive baseline assessment, the child's primary caregivers completed questionnaires and were interviewed about their child's behaviors, psychiatric symptoms, and exposure to SLEs. Results A 5-HTTLPR × SLEs interaction emerged, such that children homozygous for the short allele were more susceptible to depression in the context of elevated SLE than long allele carriers. In contrast, at low SLE exposure, short allele homozygotes had fewer depressive symptoms. The data were best fit by a plasticity model with a substantial reduction in fit by diathesis-stress models. Conclusions Extending studies in adult and adolescent populations, these data suggest that 5-HTTLPR genotype may provide plasticity to environmental influence, for better or worse. Specifically, children homozygous for the short allele were more susceptible to the depressogenic effects of SLEs but benefitted, in the form of reduced depressive symptoms, in the context of relatively benign environmental conditions (i.e. relatively low SLE exposure). These data highlight the importance of examining gene × environment interactions across development, environment, and outcome but should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12142 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231

Commentary: Beyond stressful life events and depression? – reflections on Bogdan et al. () / Jay BELSKY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.458-459 Titre : Commentary: Beyond stressful life events and depression? – reflections on Bogdan et al. () Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jay BELSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.458-459 Mots-clés : Gene–environment interactions  stressful life events  5-HTTLPR  early childhood  developmental plasticity  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In light of continuing disagreement, even at the meta-analytic level, as to whether the gene- × -environment (G×E) interaction involving 5-HTTLPR and stressful life events (SLEs) predicts depression, Bogdan and associates (this issue, Bogdan et al., 2014) sought to extend research on what has become a highly controversial general (GxE) and specific (5HTTLPR X SLEs) arena of inquiry. Thus, rather than seeking to replicate this specific GXE interaction in another sample of adolescents or adults, these investigators shifted the developmental focus–to very young children, aged 3-5 years of age. This re-direction was motivated by the kindling hypothesis which stipulates that the earliest episodes of depression might be especially sensitive to environmental adversity, with later episodes very much dependent on earlier ones and less a function of later-life environmental provocation. Thus, the investigators reasoned that the controversial G×E interaction might actually prove more evident and exert a more pronounced impact early in childhood than at older ages where they have been so extensively studied. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12238 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231 [article] Commentary: Beyond stressful life events and depression? – reflections on Bogdan et al. () [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jay BELSKY, Auteur . - p.458-459. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.458-459 Mots-clés : Gene–environment interactions  stressful life events  5-HTTLPR  early childhood  developmental plasticity  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In light of continuing disagreement, even at the meta-analytic level, as to whether the gene- × -environment (G×E) interaction involving 5-HTTLPR and stressful life events (SLEs) predicts depression, Bogdan and associates (this issue, Bogdan et al., 2014) sought to extend research on what has become a highly controversial general (GxE) and specific (5HTTLPR X SLEs) arena of inquiry. Thus, rather than seeking to replicate this specific GXE interaction in another sample of adolescents or adults, these investigators shifted the developmental focus–to very young children, aged 3-5 years of age. This re-direction was motivated by the kindling hypothesis which stipulates that the earliest episodes of depression might be especially sensitive to environmental adversity, with later episodes very much dependent on earlier ones and less a function of later-life environmental provocation. Thus, the investigators reasoned that the controversial G×E interaction might actually prove more evident and exert a more pronounced impact early in childhood than at older ages where they have been so extensively studied. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12238 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231

Does EEG-neurofeedback improve neurocognitive functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? A systematic review and a double-blind placebo-controlled study / Madelon A. VOLLEBREGT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.460-472 Titre : Does EEG-neurofeedback improve neurocognitive functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? A systematic review and a double-blind placebo-controlled study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Madelon A. VOLLEBREGT, Auteur ; Martine VAN DONGEN-BOOMSMA, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Dorine SLAATS-WILLEMSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.460-472 Mots-clés : Neurofeedback  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)  randomized controlled trial (RCT)  electroencephalogram (EEG)  efficacy  neurocognition  review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The number of placebo-controlled randomized studies relating to EEG-neurofeedback and its effect on neurocognition in attention-deficient/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is limited. For this reason, a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was designed to assess the effects of EEG-neurofeedback on neurocognitive functioning in children with ADHD, and a systematic review on this topic was performed. Methods Forty-one children (8–15 years) with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of ADHD were randomly allocated to EEG-neurofeedback or placebo-neurofeedback treatment for 30 sessions, twice a week. Children were stratified by age, electrophysiological state of arousal, and medication use. Neurocognitive tests of attention, executive functioning, working memory, and time processing were administered before and after treatment. Researchers, teachers, children and their parents, with the exception of the neurofeedback-therapist, were all blind to treatment assignment. Outcome measures were the changes in neurocognitive performance before and after treatment. Clinical trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00723684. Results No significant treatment effect on any of the neurocognitive variables was found. A systematic review of the current literature also did not find any systematic beneficial effect of EEG-neurofeedback on neurocognitive functioning. Conclusion Overall, the existing literature and this study fail to support any benefit of neurofeedback on neurocognitive functioning in ADHD, possibly due to small sample sizes and other study limitations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12143 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232 [article] Does EEG-neurofeedback improve neurocognitive functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? A systematic review and a double-blind placebo-controlled study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Madelon A. VOLLEBREGT, Auteur ; Martine VAN DONGEN-BOOMSMA, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Dorine SLAATS-WILLEMSE, Auteur . - p.460-472. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.460-472 Mots-clés : Neurofeedback  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)  randomized controlled trial (RCT)  electroencephalogram (EEG)  efficacy  neurocognition  review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The number of placebo-controlled randomized studies relating to EEG-neurofeedback and its effect on neurocognition in attention-deficient/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is limited. For this reason, a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was designed to assess the effects of EEG-neurofeedback on neurocognitive functioning in children with ADHD, and a systematic review on this topic was performed. Methods Forty-one children (8–15 years) with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of ADHD were randomly allocated to EEG-neurofeedback or placebo-neurofeedback treatment for 30 sessions, twice a week. Children were stratified by age, electrophysiological state of arousal, and medication use. Neurocognitive tests of attention, executive functioning, working memory, and time processing were administered before and after treatment. Researchers, teachers, children and their parents, with the exception of the neurofeedback-therapist, were all blind to treatment assignment. Outcome measures were the changes in neurocognitive performance before and after treatment. Clinical trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00723684. Results No significant treatment effect on any of the neurocognitive variables was found. A systematic review of the current literature also did not find any systematic beneficial effect of EEG-neurofeedback on neurocognitive functioning. Conclusion Overall, the existing literature and this study fail to support any benefit of neurofeedback on neurocognitive functioning in ADHD, possibly due to small sample sizes and other study limitations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12143 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232

The prevention program for externalizing problem behavior (PEP) improves child behavior by reducing negative parenting: analysis of mediating processes in a randomized controlled trial / Charlotte HANISCH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.473-484 Titre : The prevention program for externalizing problem behavior (PEP) improves child behavior by reducing negative parenting: analysis of mediating processes in a randomized controlled trial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Charlotte HANISCH, Auteur ; Christopher HAUTMANN, Auteur ; Julia PLUCK, Auteur ; Ilka EICHELBERGER, Auteur ; Manfred DOPFNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.473-484 Mots-clés : Parenting  conduct problems  randomized trial  mediator Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Our indicated Prevention program for preschool children with Externalizing Problem behavior (PEP) demonstrated improved parenting and child problem behavior in a randomized controlled efficacy trial and in a study with an effectiveness design. The aim of the present analysis of data from the randomized controlled trial was to identify the mediating processes that account for these positive treatment effects. We hypothesized that a decrease in negative parenting and increases in positive parenting and parental warmth would mediate the relationship between treatment and child improvement. Method Parents of 155 children were randomly assigned to the PEP intervention group (n = 91) or a nontreated control group (n = 64). Parents rated their child's problem behavior and their own parenting practices before and after PEP training. Parental warmth was assessed during standardized play situations. Four mediation models were tested using structural equation modeling. Trial registration number ISRCTN12686222; http://www.controlled-trials.com/isrctn/pf/12686222. Results Changes in child externalizing problem behavior were most strongly mediated by reductions of negative parenting in difficult parenting situations. Increases in positive parenting also served as a mediator. Changes in parental warmth, parents' feeling of self-efficacy, and parental mental health did not play a mediating role in the association between PEP treatment and child behavior. Conclusions In our program, the most important component was to teach parents how to reduce dysfunctional parenting strategies in conflict situations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12177 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232 [article] The prevention program for externalizing problem behavior (PEP) improves child behavior by reducing negative parenting: analysis of mediating processes in a randomized controlled trial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Charlotte HANISCH, Auteur ; Christopher HAUTMANN, Auteur ; Julia PLUCK, Auteur ; Ilka EICHELBERGER, Auteur ; Manfred DOPFNER, Auteur . - p.473-484. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.473-484 Mots-clés : Parenting  conduct problems  randomized trial  mediator Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Our indicated Prevention program for preschool children with Externalizing Problem behavior (PEP) demonstrated improved parenting and child problem behavior in a randomized controlled efficacy trial and in a study with an effectiveness design. The aim of the present analysis of data from the randomized controlled trial was to identify the mediating processes that account for these positive treatment effects. We hypothesized that a decrease in negative parenting and increases in positive parenting and parental warmth would mediate the relationship between treatment and child improvement. Method Parents of 155 children were randomly assigned to the PEP intervention group (n = 91) or a nontreated control group (n = 64). Parents rated their child's problem behavior and their own parenting practices before and after PEP training. Parental warmth was assessed during standardized play situations. Four mediation models were tested using structural equation modeling. Trial registration number ISRCTN12686222; http://www.controlled-trials.com/isrctn/pf/12686222. Results Changes in child externalizing problem behavior were most strongly mediated by reductions of negative parenting in difficult parenting situations. Increases in positive parenting also served as a mediator. Changes in parental warmth, parents' feeling of self-efficacy, and parental mental health did not play a mediating role in the association between PEP treatment and child behavior. Conclusions In our program, the most important component was to teach parents how to reduce dysfunctional parenting strategies in conflict situations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12177 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232

Predicting young adult outcome among more and less cognitively able individuals with autism spectrum disorders / Deborah K. ANDERSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.485-494 Titre : Predicting young adult outcome among more and less cognitively able individuals with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Deborah K. ANDERSON, Auteur ; Jessie W. LIANG, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.485-494 Mots-clés : Autism  ASD  Very Positive Outcome  adult outcome  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The range of outcomes for young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and the early childhood factors associated with this diversity have implications for clinicians and scientists. Methods This prospective study provided a unique opportunity to predict outcome 17 years later for a relatively large sample of children diagnosed with ASD at 2 years old. Diagnostic and psychometric instruments were administered between 2 and 19 with data from 2, 3, and 19 included in this study. Clinicians administered tests without knowledge of previous assessments whenever possible. Caregivers provided additional information through questionnaires. Results Significant intellectual disabilities at 19 were predicted by age 2 about 85% of the time from VIQ and NVIQ scores together, though prediction of young adult outcome for youths with average or higher intelligence was more complex. By 19, 9% of participants had largely overcome core difficulties associated with ASD and no longer retained a diagnosis. These youths with Very Positive Outcomes were more likely to have participated in treatment and had a greater reduction in repetitive behaviors between age 2 and 3 compared to other Cognitively Able youths (VIQ ?70) with ASD. Very Positive Outcome youths did not differ phenotypically from Cognitively Able ASD individuals at 2 but both groups differed from Cognitively Less Able individuals (VIQ 70). Conclusion Those most at risk for intellectual disabilities and ASD can be reliably identified at an early age to receive comprehensive treatment. Findings also suggest that some cognitively able children with ASD who participate in early intervention have very positive outcomes, although replication with randomized, larger samples is needed. In order to improve understanding of very positive outcomes in ASD, future research will need to identify how variations in child characteristics and environmental factors contribute to the nature and timing of growth across individuals and areas of development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12178 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232 [article] Predicting young adult outcome among more and less cognitively able individuals with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Deborah K. ANDERSON, Auteur ; Jessie W. LIANG, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur . - p.485-494. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.485-494 Mots-clés : Autism  ASD  Very Positive Outcome  adult outcome  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The range of outcomes for young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and the early childhood factors associated with this diversity have implications for clinicians and scientists. Methods This prospective study provided a unique opportunity to predict outcome 17 years later for a relatively large sample of children diagnosed with ASD at 2 years old. Diagnostic and psychometric instruments were administered between 2 and 19 with data from 2, 3, and 19 included in this study. Clinicians administered tests without knowledge of previous assessments whenever possible. Caregivers provided additional information through questionnaires. Results Significant intellectual disabilities at 19 were predicted by age 2 about 85% of the time from VIQ and NVIQ scores together, though prediction of young adult outcome for youths with average or higher intelligence was more complex. By 19, 9% of participants had largely overcome core difficulties associated with ASD and no longer retained a diagnosis. These youths with Very Positive Outcomes were more likely to have participated in treatment and had a greater reduction in repetitive behaviors between age 2 and 3 compared to other Cognitively Able youths (VIQ ?70) with ASD. Very Positive Outcome youths did not differ phenotypically from Cognitively Able ASD individuals at 2 but both groups differed from Cognitively Less Able individuals (VIQ 70). Conclusion Those most at risk for intellectual disabilities and ASD can be reliably identified at an early age to receive comprehensive treatment. Findings also suggest that some cognitively able children with ASD who participate in early intervention have very positive outcomes, although replication with randomized, larger samples is needed. In order to improve understanding of very positive outcomes in ASD, future research will need to identify how variations in child characteristics and environmental factors contribute to the nature and timing of growth across individuals and areas of development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12178 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232

Mothers' early depressive symptoms and children's first-grade adjustment: a transactional analysis of child withdrawal as a mediator / Ni YAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.495-504 Titre : Mothers' early depressive symptoms and children's first-grade adjustment: a transactional analysis of child withdrawal as a mediator Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ni YAN, Auteur ; Theodore DIX, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.495-504 Mots-clés : Mothers' depressive symptoms  child inhibition  child withdrawal  mutual responsiveness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The depression-inhibition hypothesis suggests that mothers' depressive symptoms undermine development because they lead children to withdraw from social contact. To test this, this study examined whether poor first-grade adjustment among children of mothers with depressive symptoms is mediated by the emergence of child withdrawal in early development. Method Based on 1,364 dyads, four waves of data spanning from 24 months to first grade (7 years) were used to examine paths by which children's withdrawal mediates relations between mothers' early depressive symptoms and three first-grade outcomes: social competence, academic performance, and externalizing behavior problems. Results Structural equation modeling revealed three principal paths. First, direct relations were observed: Mothers' depressive symptoms predicted early child withdrawal and increases in child withdrawal over time, which predicted poor first-grade adjustment. Second, reciprocal relations were observed: Mothers' depressive symptoms predicted child withdrawal, which predicted increases in depressive symptoms. Third, relations via mother–child mutual responsiveness were observed: Depression-related increases in child withdrawal predicted declines in mutual responsiveness, which predicted poor first-grade adjustment. Conclusion The findings suggest that, due to its interdependence with maternal depression and low mother–child mutual responsiveness over time, child withdrawal may play an important role in the poor first-grade adjustment of children whose mothers are high in depressive symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12189 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232 [article] Mothers' early depressive symptoms and children's first-grade adjustment: a transactional analysis of child withdrawal as a mediator [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ni YAN, Auteur ; Theodore DIX, Auteur . - p.495-504. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.495-504 Mots-clés : Mothers' depressive symptoms  child inhibition  child withdrawal  mutual responsiveness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The depression-inhibition hypothesis suggests that mothers' depressive symptoms undermine development because they lead children to withdraw from social contact. To test this, this study examined whether poor first-grade adjustment among children of mothers with depressive symptoms is mediated by the emergence of child withdrawal in early development. Method Based on 1,364 dyads, four waves of data spanning from 24 months to first grade (7 years) were used to examine paths by which children's withdrawal mediates relations between mothers' early depressive symptoms and three first-grade outcomes: social competence, academic performance, and externalizing behavior problems. Results Structural equation modeling revealed three principal paths. First, direct relations were observed: Mothers' depressive symptoms predicted early child withdrawal and increases in child withdrawal over time, which predicted poor first-grade adjustment. Second, reciprocal relations were observed: Mothers' depressive symptoms predicted child withdrawal, which predicted increases in depressive symptoms. Third, relations via mother–child mutual responsiveness were observed: Depression-related increases in child withdrawal predicted declines in mutual responsiveness, which predicted poor first-grade adjustment. Conclusion The findings suggest that, due to its interdependence with maternal depression and low mother–child mutual responsiveness over time, child withdrawal may play an important role in the poor first-grade adjustment of children whose mothers are high in depressive symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12189 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232

Pathways to self-harmful behaviors in young women with and without ADHD: A longitudinal examination of mediating factors / Erika N. SWANSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.505-515 Titre : Pathways to self-harmful behaviors in young women with and without ADHD: A longitudinal examination of mediating factors Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Erika N. SWANSON, Auteur ; Elizabeth B. OWENS, Auteur ; Stephen P. HINSHAW, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.505-515 Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  self-harm  self-injury  adulthood  comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Rates of suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury [(NSSI); e.g., cutting, burning] peak in adolescence and early adulthood; females and individuals with psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses appear to be at particular risk. Hinshaw et al. [Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, (), 80, 1041] reported that young women with histories of childhood ADHD diagnoses reported higher rates of suicide attempts and NSSI than nondiagnosed, comparison women. Methods Via analyses of an ongoing longitudinal investigation, our aims are to examine, with respect to both aspects of self-harmful behavior, (a) ADHD subtype differences and effects of diagnostic persistence (vs. transient and nondiagnosed classifications) and (b) potential mediating effects of impulsivity and comorbid psychopathology, ascertained during adolescence. Results Young adult women with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD-Combined type were at highest risk for suicide attempts as well as the most varied and severe forms of NSSI compared with those with ADHD-Inattentive type and those in the comparison group; participants with a persistent ADHD diagnosis were at higher risk than those with a transient diagnosis or those never meeting criteria for ADHD. Mediator analyses revealed that, during adolescence, an objective measure of impulsivity plus comorbid externalizing symptoms were simultaneous, partial mediators of the childhood ADHD-young adult NSSI linkage. Adolescent internalizing symptoms emerged as a partial mediator of the childhood ADHD-young adult suicide attempt linkage. Conclusions ADHD in females, especially when featuring childhood impulsivity and especially with persistent symptomatology, carries high risk for self-harm. Psychiatric comorbidity and response inhibition are important mediators of this clinically important longitudinal association. We discuss limitations and implications for prevention and intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12193 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232 [article] Pathways to self-harmful behaviors in young women with and without ADHD: A longitudinal examination of mediating factors [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Erika N. SWANSON, Auteur ; Elizabeth B. OWENS, Auteur ; Stephen P. HINSHAW, Auteur . - p.505-515. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.505-515 Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  self-harm  self-injury  adulthood  comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Rates of suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury [(NSSI); e.g., cutting, burning] peak in adolescence and early adulthood; females and individuals with psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses appear to be at particular risk. Hinshaw et al. [Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, (), 80, 1041] reported that young women with histories of childhood ADHD diagnoses reported higher rates of suicide attempts and NSSI than nondiagnosed, comparison women. Methods Via analyses of an ongoing longitudinal investigation, our aims are to examine, with respect to both aspects of self-harmful behavior, (a) ADHD subtype differences and effects of diagnostic persistence (vs. transient and nondiagnosed classifications) and (b) potential mediating effects of impulsivity and comorbid psychopathology, ascertained during adolescence. Results Young adult women with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD-Combined type were at highest risk for suicide attempts as well as the most varied and severe forms of NSSI compared with those with ADHD-Inattentive type and those in the comparison group; participants with a persistent ADHD diagnosis were at higher risk than those with a transient diagnosis or those never meeting criteria for ADHD. Mediator analyses revealed that, during adolescence, an objective measure of impulsivity plus comorbid externalizing symptoms were simultaneous, partial mediators of the childhood ADHD-young adult NSSI linkage. Adolescent internalizing symptoms emerged as a partial mediator of the childhood ADHD-young adult suicide attempt linkage. Conclusions ADHD in females, especially when featuring childhood impulsivity and especially with persistent symptomatology, carries high risk for self-harm. Psychiatric comorbidity and response inhibition are important mediators of this clinically important longitudinal association. We discuss limitations and implications for prevention and intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12193 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232

Longitudinal trajectories of peer relations in children with specific language impairment / Pearl L. H. MOK in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.516-527 Titre : Longitudinal trajectories of peer relations in children with specific language impairment Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Pearl L. H. MOK, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Kevin DURKIN, Auteur ; Gina CONTI-RAMSDEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.516-527 Mots-clés : Specific language impairment  peer relations  developmental trajectories  prosocial behaviour  pragmatic language impairment  autistic symptomatology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Peer relations is a vulnerable area of functioning in children with specific language impairment (SLI), but little is known about the developmental trajectories of individuals. Methods Peer problems were investigated over a 9-year period (from 7 to 16 years of age) in 171 children with a history of SLI. Discrete factor growth modelling was used to chart developmental trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate factors associated with group membership. Results Four distinct developmental trajectories were identified: low-level/no problems in peer relations (22.2% of participants), childhood-limited problems (12.3%), childhood-onset persistent problems (39.2%) and adolescent-onset problems (26.3%). Risk of poor trajectories of peer relations was greater for those children with pragmatic language difficulties. Prosocial behaviour was the factor most strongly associated with trajectory group membership. Overall, the more prosocial children with better pragmatic language skills and lower levels of emotional problems had less difficulty in developing peer relations. Conclusions Analysis of developmental trajectories enriches our understanding of social development. A sizeable minority in the present sample sustained positive relations through childhood and adolescence, and others overcame early difficulties to achieve low levels of problems by their early teens; the majority, however, showed childhood-onset persistent or adolescent-onset problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12190 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232 [article] Longitudinal trajectories of peer relations in children with specific language impairment [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Pearl L. H. MOK, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Kevin DURKIN, Auteur ; Gina CONTI-RAMSDEN, Auteur . - p.516-527. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.516-527 Mots-clés : Specific language impairment  peer relations  developmental trajectories  prosocial behaviour  pragmatic language impairment  autistic symptomatology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Peer relations is a vulnerable area of functioning in children with specific language impairment (SLI), but little is known about the developmental trajectories of individuals. Methods Peer problems were investigated over a 9-year period (from 7 to 16 years of age) in 171 children with a history of SLI. Discrete factor growth modelling was used to chart developmental trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate factors associated with group membership. Results Four distinct developmental trajectories were identified: low-level/no problems in peer relations (22.2% of participants), childhood-limited problems (12.3%), childhood-onset persistent problems (39.2%) and adolescent-onset problems (26.3%). Risk of poor trajectories of peer relations was greater for those children with pragmatic language difficulties. Prosocial behaviour was the factor most strongly associated with trajectory group membership. Overall, the more prosocial children with better pragmatic language skills and lower levels of emotional problems had less difficulty in developing peer relations. Conclusions Analysis of developmental trajectories enriches our understanding of social development. A sizeable minority in the present sample sustained positive relations through childhood and adolescence, and others overcame early difficulties to achieve low levels of problems by their early teens; the majority, however, showed childhood-onset persistent or adolescent-onset problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12190 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232