Dépouillements

Serotonin 4 Receptors: A Cornerstone in Anorexia Nervosa? / Valérie COMPAN in Autism - Open Access, 7-2 ([01/03/2017])  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism - Open Access > 7-2 [01/03/2017] . - 6 p. Titre : Serotonin 4 Receptors: A Cornerstone in Anorexia Nervosa? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Valérie COMPAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 6 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Behavioral trait  Anorexia nervosa  Depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adaptive decision-making to eat is crucial for survival but in anorexia nervosa, the brain persistently supports reduced food intake despite the physiological need to consume food. How the brain persists in reducing food intake sometimes even to the point of death despite the evolution of multiple mechanisms to ensure survival by governing adaptive eating behaviors remains mysterious. Food intake is a conserved behavioral trait between all species and involves numerous biological systems including the old phylogenetically serotonergic system. The present review focuses on anorexia and the implication of specific serotonin (5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine) receptors in food intake. In this context, we found that an early restrictive food intake due to stress, critically engages goal-directed (decision-making) systems upon the control of the serotonin 5-HT4 receptors, supporting that an early food restriction may first protect from depressive-like states but could become a deadly dependence. Finally, in the face to environmental challenges, an initial protective and beneficial adaptive response could become a pathologic dependence. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000207 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410 [article] Serotonin 4 Receptors: A Cornerstone in Anorexia Nervosa? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Valérie COMPAN, Auteur . - 6 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism - Open Access > 7-2 [01/03/2017] . - 6 p. Mots-clés : Behavioral trait  Anorexia nervosa  Depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adaptive decision-making to eat is crucial for survival but in anorexia nervosa, the brain persistently supports reduced food intake despite the physiological need to consume food. How the brain persists in reducing food intake sometimes even to the point of death despite the evolution of multiple mechanisms to ensure survival by governing adaptive eating behaviors remains mysterious. Food intake is a conserved behavioral trait between all species and involves numerous biological systems including the old phylogenetically serotonergic system. The present review focuses on anorexia and the implication of specific serotonin (5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine) receptors in food intake. In this context, we found that an early restrictive food intake due to stress, critically engages goal-directed (decision-making) systems upon the control of the serotonin 5-HT4 receptors, supporting that an early food restriction may first protect from depressive-like states but could become a deadly dependence. Finally, in the face to environmental challenges, an initial protective and beneficial adaptive response could become a pathologic dependence. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000207 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410

Is Autism Monocausal? / Otto E. ROSSLER in Autism - Open Access, 7-2 ([01/03/2017])  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism - Open Access > 7-2 [01/03/2017] . - 5 p. Titre : Is Autism Monocausal? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Otto E. ROSSLER, Auteur ; Lisa-Ruth VIAL, Auteur ; Frank KUSKE, Auteur ; Niels BIRBAUMER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 5 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Kanner’s syndrome  Reward cycle  Autistic children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A system-theoretic model of the workings of the brain obtained in a deductive-evolutionary context stands in the background. An intuitive description of the sudden transition of an autonomous optimizer with cognition into an “other-centered” mode of functioning is offered. This “bifurcation” is highly nontrivial. It presupposes a specific rewardability of the individual by the displayed joyfulness of the interaction partner. This is the case if the momentarily experienced reward on the one side, displayed, causes an even larger reward on the other side and vice versa. Secondly, the presence of mirror-competence in both individuals enables a positive feedback to occur across all possible rewards on either side. This type of cross coupling then leads to the occurrence of an event of “seeing with the eyes of the other.” The event can be called “personogenesis” because only persons can see in this fashion. This model entails the prediction that a functional “smile blindness” prevents personogenesis. It not only explains deep autism, but also enables a causal therapy: A deliberate “acoustic smile,” if expressed by the care-giving bonding partner whenever momentarily delighted in the interaction, predictably suffices. The proposed therapy is so simple that it can be offered by non-medical professionals and ordinary parents. The litmus test that the method works consists in the implied prediction that the same “personogenetic therapy” can be extended to other mirror-competent bonding animals. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000206 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410 [article] Is Autism Monocausal? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Otto E. ROSSLER, Auteur ; Lisa-Ruth VIAL, Auteur ; Frank KUSKE, Auteur ; Niels BIRBAUMER, Auteur . - 5 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism - Open Access > 7-2 [01/03/2017] . - 5 p. Mots-clés : Kanner’s syndrome  Reward cycle  Autistic children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A system-theoretic model of the workings of the brain obtained in a deductive-evolutionary context stands in the background. An intuitive description of the sudden transition of an autonomous optimizer with cognition into an “other-centered” mode of functioning is offered. This “bifurcation” is highly nontrivial. It presupposes a specific rewardability of the individual by the displayed joyfulness of the interaction partner. This is the case if the momentarily experienced reward on the one side, displayed, causes an even larger reward on the other side and vice versa. Secondly, the presence of mirror-competence in both individuals enables a positive feedback to occur across all possible rewards on either side. This type of cross coupling then leads to the occurrence of an event of “seeing with the eyes of the other.” The event can be called “personogenesis” because only persons can see in this fashion. This model entails the prediction that a functional “smile blindness” prevents personogenesis. It not only explains deep autism, but also enables a causal therapy: A deliberate “acoustic smile,” if expressed by the care-giving bonding partner whenever momentarily delighted in the interaction, predictably suffices. The proposed therapy is so simple that it can be offered by non-medical professionals and ordinary parents. The litmus test that the method works consists in the implied prediction that the same “personogenetic therapy” can be extended to other mirror-competent bonding animals. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000206 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410

Technology to Take Care of Autism / Tanjir Rashid SORO in Autism - Open Access, 7-2 ([01/03/2017])  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism - Open Access > 7-2 [01/03/2017] . - 1 p. Titre : Technology to Take Care of Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tanjir Rashid SORO, Auteur Article en page(s) : 1 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000205 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410 [article] Technology to Take Care of Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tanjir Rashid SORO, Auteur . - 1 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism - Open Access > 7-2 [01/03/2017] . - 1 p. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000205 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410

Preliminary Evidence for Inflexibility of Motor Planning in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Breanna E. STUDENKA in Autism - Open Access, 7-2 ([01/03/2017])  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism - Open Access > 7-2 [01/03/2017] . - 6 p. Titre : Preliminary Evidence for Inflexibility of Motor Planning in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Breanna E. STUDENKA, Auteur ; Daisha L. CUMMINS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 6 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Motor planning  Hysteresis  Autism spectrum disorder  Action costs  End-state comfort  Repetitive behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Children with ASD often exhibit repetitive and stereotyped behaviors as well as difficulty performing motor actions. Difficulty in performing actions may stem from resistance to formulating new motor plans (persisting with previous motor plans even when new plans are needed for efficient movement). The aim of this study was to document flexibility of motor planning in individuals with ASD. Method: Five children with ASD and 5 neurotypical control children performed a grasp-and-place motor task. In successive trials, a wooden rod was placed in one of 24 different orientations – rotating either clockwise or counter clockwise around a circular template. A child grasped the rod and moved it. The position where the child switched from thumb-toward one end of the rod to the other in each direction was recorded. Results: Neurotypical children exhibited earlier grasp switches as well as a greater number of grasp switches as compared to children with ASD. Conclusion: We found preliminary evidence that, for children with ASD, changing a grasp was more costly than being uncomfortable. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000208 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410 [article] Preliminary Evidence for Inflexibility of Motor Planning in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Breanna E. STUDENKA, Auteur ; Daisha L. CUMMINS, Auteur . - 6 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism - Open Access > 7-2 [01/03/2017] . - 6 p. Mots-clés : Motor planning  Hysteresis  Autism spectrum disorder  Action costs  End-state comfort  Repetitive behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Children with ASD often exhibit repetitive and stereotyped behaviors as well as difficulty performing motor actions. Difficulty in performing actions may stem from resistance to formulating new motor plans (persisting with previous motor plans even when new plans are needed for efficient movement). The aim of this study was to document flexibility of motor planning in individuals with ASD. Method: Five children with ASD and 5 neurotypical control children performed a grasp-and-place motor task. In successive trials, a wooden rod was placed in one of 24 different orientations – rotating either clockwise or counter clockwise around a circular template. A child grasped the rod and moved it. The position where the child switched from thumb-toward one end of the rod to the other in each direction was recorded. Results: Neurotypical children exhibited earlier grasp switches as well as a greater number of grasp switches as compared to children with ASD. Conclusion: We found preliminary evidence that, for children with ASD, changing a grasp was more costly than being uncomfortable. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000208 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410