Annual Research Review: What is resilience within the social ecology of human development? / Michael UNGAR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-4 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.348-366 Titre : Annual Research Review: What is resilience within the social ecology of human development? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael UNGAR, Auteur ; Mehdi GHAZINOUR, Auteur ; Jörg RICHTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.348-366 Mots-clés : Resilience  social ecology  human ecology  multisystemic  positive development  stress  adversity  risk  equifinality  differential impact  culture  context Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The development of Bronfenbrenner’s bio-social-ecological systems model of human development parallels advances made to the theory of resilience that progressively moved from a more individual (micro) focus on traits to a multisystemic understanding of person–environment reciprocal processes. Methods: This review uses Bronfenbrenner’s model and Ungar’s social-ecological interpretation of four decades of research on resilience to discuss the results of a purposeful selection of studies of resilience that have been done in different contexts and cultures. Results: An ecological model of resilience can, and indeed has been shown to help researchers of resilience to conceptualize the child’s social and physical ecologies, from caregivers to neighbourhoods, that account for both proximal and distal factors that predict successful development under adversity. Three principles emerged from this review that inform a bio-social-ecological interpretation of resilience: equifinality (there are many proximal processes that can lead to many different, but equally viable, expressions of human development associated with well-being); differential impact (the nature of the risks children face, their perceptions of the resources available to mitigate those risks and the quality of the resources that are accessible make proximal processes more or less influential to children’s development); and contextual and cultural moderation (different contexts and cultures provide access to different processes associated with resilience as it is defined locally). Conclusion: As this review shows, using this multisystemic social-ecological theory of resilience can inform a deeper understanding of the processes that contribute to positive development under stress. It can also offer practitioners and policy makers a broader perspective on principles for the design and implementation of effective interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12025 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194 [article] Annual Research Review: What is resilience within the social ecology of human development? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael UNGAR, Auteur ; Mehdi GHAZINOUR, Auteur ; Jörg RICHTER, Auteur . - p.348-366. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.348-366 Mots-clés : Resilience  social ecology  human ecology  multisystemic  positive development  stress  adversity  risk  equifinality  differential impact  culture  context Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The development of Bronfenbrenner’s bio-social-ecological systems model of human development parallels advances made to the theory of resilience that progressively moved from a more individual (micro) focus on traits to a multisystemic understanding of person–environment reciprocal processes. Methods: This review uses Bronfenbrenner’s model and Ungar’s social-ecological interpretation of four decades of research on resilience to discuss the results of a purposeful selection of studies of resilience that have been done in different contexts and cultures. Results: An ecological model of resilience can, and indeed has been shown to help researchers of resilience to conceptualize the child’s social and physical ecologies, from caregivers to neighbourhoods, that account for both proximal and distal factors that predict successful development under adversity. Three principles emerged from this review that inform a bio-social-ecological interpretation of resilience: equifinality (there are many proximal processes that can lead to many different, but equally viable, expressions of human development associated with well-being); differential impact (the nature of the risks children face, their perceptions of the resources available to mitigate those risks and the quality of the resources that are accessible make proximal processes more or less influential to children’s development); and contextual and cultural moderation (different contexts and cultures provide access to different processes associated with resilience as it is defined locally). Conclusion: As this review shows, using this multisystemic social-ecological theory of resilience can inform a deeper understanding of the processes that contribute to positive development under stress. It can also offer practitioners and policy makers a broader perspective on principles for the design and implementation of effective interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12025 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194

A commentary on Ehrlich et al. (2023): a resilience paradox for child development / Michael UNGAR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 65-3 (March 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-3 (March 2023) . - p.365-368 Titre : A commentary on Ehrlich et al. (2023): a resilience paradox for child development Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael UNGAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.365-368 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Paradoxically, resilience carries with it the risk of disorder. When understood systemically, this should come as no surprise. All complex systems demonstrate this same propensity for both positive and negative feedback loops. A thriving ecosystem eventually succumbs to its own dominance over its environment, using up available resources until its survival is threatened and its population declines (e.g. predators like coyotes in a national park where hunting is prohibited) (Ward et al., 2018). For this reason, systems that demonstrate powerful resistance to threat are, paradoxically, often made vulnerable by their success. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13921 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=520 [article] A commentary on Ehrlich et al. (2023): a resilience paradox for child development [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael UNGAR, Auteur . - p.365-368. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-3 (March 2023) . - p.365-368 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Paradoxically, resilience carries with it the risk of disorder. When understood systemically, this should come as no surprise. All complex systems demonstrate this same propensity for both positive and negative feedback loops. A thriving ecosystem eventually succumbs to its own dominance over its environment, using up available resources until its survival is threatened and its population declines (e.g. predators like coyotes in a national park where hunting is prohibited) (Ward et al., 2018). For this reason, systems that demonstrate powerful resistance to threat are, paradoxically, often made vulnerable by their success. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13921 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=520

Multisystemic approaches to researching young people?s resilience: Discovering culturally and contextually sensitive accounts of thriving under adversity / Linda THERON ; Michael UNGAR in Development and Psychopathology, 35-5 (December 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 35-5 (December 2023) . - p.2199-2213 Titre : Multisystemic approaches to researching young people?s resilience: Discovering culturally and contextually sensitive accounts of thriving under adversity Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Linda THERON, Auteur ; Michael UNGAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2199-2213 Mots-clés : Resilient Youth in Stressed Environments  cultural  mixed methods  multisystemic  resilience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : As our understanding of the process of resilience has become more culturally and contextually grounded, researchers have had to seek innovative ways to account for the complex, reciprocal relationship between the many systems that influence young people?s capacity to thrive. This paper briefly traces the history of a more contextualized understanding of resilience and then reviews a social?ecological model to explain multisystemic resilience. A case study is then used to show how a multisystemic understanding of resilience can influence the design and implementation of resilience research. The Resilient Youth in Stressed Environments study is a longitudinal mixed methods investigation of adolescents and emerging adults in communities that depend on oil and gas industries in Canada and South Africa. These communities routinely experience stress at individual, family, and institutional levels from macroeconomic factors related to boom-and-bust economic cycles. Building on the project?s methods and findings, we discuss how to create better studies of resilience which are able to capture both emic and etic accounts of positive developmental processes in ways that avoid the tendency to homogenize children?s experience. Limitations to doing multisystemic resilience research are also highlighted, with special attention to the need for further innovation. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579423000469 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519 [article] Multisystemic approaches to researching young people?s resilience: Discovering culturally and contextually sensitive accounts of thriving under adversity [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Linda THERON, Auteur ; Michael UNGAR, Auteur . - p.2199-2213. in Development and Psychopathology > 35-5 (December 2023) . - p.2199-2213 Mots-clés : Resilient Youth in Stressed Environments  cultural  mixed methods  multisystemic  resilience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : As our understanding of the process of resilience has become more culturally and contextually grounded, researchers have had to seek innovative ways to account for the complex, reciprocal relationship between the many systems that influence young people?s capacity to thrive. This paper briefly traces the history of a more contextualized understanding of resilience and then reviews a social?ecological model to explain multisystemic resilience. A case study is then used to show how a multisystemic understanding of resilience can influence the design and implementation of resilience research. The Resilient Youth in Stressed Environments study is a longitudinal mixed methods investigation of adolescents and emerging adults in communities that depend on oil and gas industries in Canada and South Africa. These communities routinely experience stress at individual, family, and institutional levels from macroeconomic factors related to boom-and-bust economic cycles. Building on the project?s methods and findings, we discuss how to create better studies of resilience which are able to capture both emic and etic accounts of positive developmental processes in ways that avoid the tendency to homogenize children?s experience. Limitations to doing multisystemic resilience research are also highlighted, with special attention to the need for further innovation. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579423000469 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519

Multisystemic supports and adolescent resilience to depression over time: A South African mixed methods study / Linda THERON ; Michael UNGAR in Development and Psychopathology, 35-5 (December 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 35-5 (December 2023) . - p.2365-2383 Titre : Multisystemic supports and adolescent resilience to depression over time: A South African mixed methods study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Linda THERON, Auteur ; Michael UNGAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2365-2383 Mots-clés : African adolescents  culturally responsive resilience-enablers  depression trajectories  multisystemic resilience  resource diversity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In sub-Saharan countries, like South Africa, there is scant understanding of adolescent resilience to depression over time; the multisystemic resource combinations that support such resilience; and whether more diverse resource combinations yield better mental health dividends. In response, we conducted a longitudinal concurrent nested mixed methods study with 223 South African adolescents (mean age: 17.16 years, SD = 1.73; 64.60% girls; 81.60% Black). Using longitudinal mixture modeling, the quantitative study identified trajectories of depression and associations between trajectory membership and resource diversity. Using a draw-and-write methodology and reflexive thematic analyses, the qualitative study explored the resource diversity associated with each trajectory. Taken together, these studies identified four depression trajectories (Stable Low; Declining; Worsening; Chronic High) with varying resource diversity at baseline and over time. Resource diversity was inclusive of personal, relational, contextual, and culturally valued resources in both the Stable Low and Declining trajectories, with emphasis on relational supports. Personal resources were emphasized in the Worsening and Chronic High trajectories, and culturally valued and contextual resources de-emphasized. In summary, resource constellations characterized by within and across system diversity and cultural responsiveness are more protective and will be key to advancing sub-Saharan adolescent mental health. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579423000494 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519 [article] Multisystemic supports and adolescent resilience to depression over time: A South African mixed methods study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Linda THERON, Auteur ; Michael UNGAR, Auteur . - p.2365-2383. in Development and Psychopathology > 35-5 (December 2023) . - p.2365-2383 Mots-clés : African adolescents  culturally responsive resilience-enablers  depression trajectories  multisystemic resilience  resource diversity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In sub-Saharan countries, like South Africa, there is scant understanding of adolescent resilience to depression over time; the multisystemic resource combinations that support such resilience; and whether more diverse resource combinations yield better mental health dividends. In response, we conducted a longitudinal concurrent nested mixed methods study with 223 South African adolescents (mean age: 17.16 years, SD = 1.73; 64.60% girls; 81.60% Black). Using longitudinal mixture modeling, the quantitative study identified trajectories of depression and associations between trajectory membership and resource diversity. Using a draw-and-write methodology and reflexive thematic analyses, the qualitative study explored the resource diversity associated with each trajectory. Taken together, these studies identified four depression trajectories (Stable Low; Declining; Worsening; Chronic High) with varying resource diversity at baseline and over time. Resource diversity was inclusive of personal, relational, contextual, and culturally valued resources in both the Stable Low and Declining trajectories, with emphasis on relational supports. Personal resources were emphasized in the Worsening and Chronic High trajectories, and culturally valued and contextual resources de-emphasized. In summary, resource constellations characterized by within and across system diversity and cultural responsiveness are more protective and will be key to advancing sub-Saharan adolescent mental health. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579423000494 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519

Practitioner Review: Diagnosing childhood resilience – a systemic approach to the diagnosis of adaptation in adverse social and physical ecologies / Michael UNGAR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-1 (January 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.4-17 Titre : Practitioner Review: Diagnosing childhood resilience – a systemic approach to the diagnosis of adaptation in adverse social and physical ecologies Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael UNGAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4-17 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Resilience  vulnerable child populations  diagnostic criteria  adversity  social ecologies  social capital  differential diagnosis  differential impact Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background With growing interest in resilience among mental health care providers globally, there is a need for a simple way to consider the complex interactions that predict adaptive coping when there is exposure to high levels of adversity such as family violence, mental illness of a child or caregiver, natural disasters, social marginalization, or political conflict. Methods This article presents diagnostic criteria for assessing childhood resilience in a way that is sensitive to the systemic factors that influence a child's wellbeing. The most important characteristics of children who cope well under adversity and avoid problems like depression, PTSD, and delinquency are highlighted. Results A multidimensional assessment of resilience is presented that examines, first, the severity, chronicity, ecological level, children's attributions of causality, and cultural and contextual relevance of experiences of adversity. Second, promotive and protective factors related to resilience are assessed with sensitivity to the differential impact these have on outcomes depending on a child's level of exposure to adversity. These factors include individual qualities like temperament, personality, and cognitions, as well as contextual dimensions of positive functioning related to the available and accessibility of resources, their strategic use, positive reinforcement by a child's significant others, and the adaptive capacity of the environment itself. Third, an assessment of resilience includes temporal and cultural factors that increase or decrease the influence of protective factors. A decision tree for the diagnosis of resilience is presented, followed by a case study and diagnosis of a 15-year-old boy who required treatment for a number of mental health challenges. Conclusions The diagnostic criteria for assessing resilience and its application to clinical practice demonstrate the potential usefulness of a systemic approach to understanding resilience among child populations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12306 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Practitioner Review: Diagnosing childhood resilience – a systemic approach to the diagnosis of adaptation in adverse social and physical ecologies [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael UNGAR, Auteur . - p.4-17. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-1 (January 2015) . - p.4-17 Mots-clés : Resilience  vulnerable child populations  diagnostic criteria  adversity  social ecologies  social capital  differential diagnosis  differential impact Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background With growing interest in resilience among mental health care providers globally, there is a need for a simple way to consider the complex interactions that predict adaptive coping when there is exposure to high levels of adversity such as family violence, mental illness of a child or caregiver, natural disasters, social marginalization, or political conflict. Methods This article presents diagnostic criteria for assessing childhood resilience in a way that is sensitive to the systemic factors that influence a child's wellbeing. The most important characteristics of children who cope well under adversity and avoid problems like depression, PTSD, and delinquency are highlighted. Results A multidimensional assessment of resilience is presented that examines, first, the severity, chronicity, ecological level, children's attributions of causality, and cultural and contextual relevance of experiences of adversity. Second, promotive and protective factors related to resilience are assessed with sensitivity to the differential impact these have on outcomes depending on a child's level of exposure to adversity. These factors include individual qualities like temperament, personality, and cognitions, as well as contextual dimensions of positive functioning related to the available and accessibility of resources, their strategic use, positive reinforcement by a child's significant others, and the adaptive capacity of the environment itself. Third, an assessment of resilience includes temporal and cultural factors that increase or decrease the influence of protective factors. A decision tree for the diagnosis of resilience is presented, followed by a case study and diagnosis of a 15-year-old boy who required treatment for a number of mental health challenges. Conclusions The diagnostic criteria for assessing resilience and its application to clinical practice demonstrate the potential usefulness of a systemic approach to understanding resilience among child populations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12306 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

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