Extending the ‘cross-disorder’ relevance of executive functions to dimensional neuropsychiatric traits in youth / Lauren M. MCGRATH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-4 (April 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.462-471 Titre : Extending the ‘cross-disorder’ relevance of executive functions to dimensional neuropsychiatric traits in youth Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lauren M. MCGRATH, Auteur ; Ellen B. BRAATEN, Auteur ; Nathan D. DOTY, Auteur ; Brian L. WILLOUGHBY, Auteur ; H. Kent WILSON, Auteur ; Ellen H. O'DONNELL, Auteur ; Mary K. COLVIN, Auteur ; Hillary L. DITMARS, Auteur ; Jessica E. BLAIS, Auteur ; Erin N. HILL, Auteur ; Aaron METZGER, Auteur ; Roy H. PERLIS, Auteur ; Erik G. WILLCUTT, Auteur ; Jordan W. SMOLLER, Auteur ; Irwin D. WALDMAN, Auteur ; Stephen V. FARAONE, Auteur ; Larry J. SEIDMAN, Auteur ; Alysa E. DOYLE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.462-471 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Executive functions  mania  psychosis  social responsiveness  cross-disorder  dimensional traits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Evidence that different neuropsychiatric conditions share genetic liability has increased interest in phenotypes with ‘cross-disorder’ relevance, as they may contribute to revised models of psychopathology. Cognition is a promising construct for study; yet, evidence that the same cognitive functions are impaired across different forms of psychopathology comes primarily from separate studies of individual categorical diagnoses versus controls. Given growing support for dimensional models that cut across traditional diagnostic boundaries, we aimed to determine, within a single cohort, whether performance on measures of executive functions (EFs) predicted dimensions of different psychopathological conditions known to share genetic liability. Methods Data are from 393 participants, ages 8–17, consecutively enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of Genetic Influences on Cognition (LOGIC). This project is conducting deep phenotyping and genomic analyses in youth referred for neuropsychiatric evaluation. Using structural equation modeling, we examined whether EFs predicted variation in core dimensions of the autism spectrum disorder, bipolar illness, and schizophrenia (including social responsiveness, mania/emotion regulation, and positive symptoms of psychosis, respectively). Results We modeled three cognitive factors (working memory, shifting, and executive processing speed) that loaded on a second-order EF factor. The EF factor predicted variation in our three target traits, but not in a negative control (somatization). Moreover, this EF factor was primarily associated with the overlapping (rather than unique) variance across the three outcome measures, suggesting that it related to a general increase in psychopathology symptoms across those dimensions. Conclusions Findings extend support for the relevance of cognition to neuropsychiatric conditions that share underlying genetic risk. They suggest that higher-order cognition, including EFs, relates to the dimensional spectrum of each of these disorders and not just the clinical diagnoses. Moreover, results have implications for bottom-up models linking genes, cognition, and a general psychopathology liability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12463 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Extending the ‘cross-disorder’ relevance of executive functions to dimensional neuropsychiatric traits in youth [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lauren M. MCGRATH, Auteur ; Ellen B. BRAATEN, Auteur ; Nathan D. DOTY, Auteur ; Brian L. WILLOUGHBY, Auteur ; H. Kent WILSON, Auteur ; Ellen H. O'DONNELL, Auteur ; Mary K. COLVIN, Auteur ; Hillary L. DITMARS, Auteur ; Jessica E. BLAIS, Auteur ; Erin N. HILL, Auteur ; Aaron METZGER, Auteur ; Roy H. PERLIS, Auteur ; Erik G. WILLCUTT, Auteur ; Jordan W. SMOLLER, Auteur ; Irwin D. WALDMAN, Auteur ; Stephen V. FARAONE, Auteur ; Larry J. SEIDMAN, Auteur ; Alysa E. DOYLE, Auteur . - p.462-471. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.462-471 Mots-clés : Executive functions  mania  psychosis  social responsiveness  cross-disorder  dimensional traits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Evidence that different neuropsychiatric conditions share genetic liability has increased interest in phenotypes with ‘cross-disorder’ relevance, as they may contribute to revised models of psychopathology. Cognition is a promising construct for study; yet, evidence that the same cognitive functions are impaired across different forms of psychopathology comes primarily from separate studies of individual categorical diagnoses versus controls. Given growing support for dimensional models that cut across traditional diagnostic boundaries, we aimed to determine, within a single cohort, whether performance on measures of executive functions (EFs) predicted dimensions of different psychopathological conditions known to share genetic liability. Methods Data are from 393 participants, ages 8–17, consecutively enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of Genetic Influences on Cognition (LOGIC). This project is conducting deep phenotyping and genomic analyses in youth referred for neuropsychiatric evaluation. Using structural equation modeling, we examined whether EFs predicted variation in core dimensions of the autism spectrum disorder, bipolar illness, and schizophrenia (including social responsiveness, mania/emotion regulation, and positive symptoms of psychosis, respectively). Results We modeled three cognitive factors (working memory, shifting, and executive processing speed) that loaded on a second-order EF factor. The EF factor predicted variation in our three target traits, but not in a negative control (somatization). Moreover, this EF factor was primarily associated with the overlapping (rather than unique) variance across the three outcome measures, suggesting that it related to a general increase in psychopathology symptoms across those dimensions. Conclusions Findings extend support for the relevance of cognition to neuropsychiatric conditions that share underlying genetic risk. They suggest that higher-order cognition, including EFs, relates to the dimensional spectrum of each of these disorders and not just the clinical diagnoses. Moreover, results have implications for bottom-up models linking genes, cognition, and a general psychopathology liability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12463 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Potentially important periods of change in the development of social and role functioning in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis / Eva VELTHORST in Development and Psychopathology, 30-1 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 30-1 (February 2018) . - p.39-47 Titre : Potentially important periods of change in the development of social and role functioning in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eva VELTHORST, Auteur ; Jamie ZINBERG, Auteur ; Jean ADDINGTON, Auteur ; Kristin S. CADENHEAD, Auteur ; Tyrone D. CANNON, Auteur ; Ricardo E. CARRIÓN, Auteur ; Andrea M. AUTHER, Auteur ; Barbara A. CORNBLATT, Auteur ; Thomas H. MCGLASHAN, Auteur ; Daniel H. MATHALON, Auteur ; Diana O. PERKINS, Auteur ; Larry J. SEIDMAN, Auteur ; Ming T. TSUANG, Auteur ; Elaine F. WALKER, Auteur ; Scott W. WOODS, Auteur ; Abraham REICHENBERG, Auteur ; Carrie E. BEARDEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.39-47 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The developmental course of daily functioning prior to first psychosis-onset remains poorly understood. This study explored age-related periods of change in social and role functioning. The longitudinal study included youth (aged 12–23, mean follow-up years = 1.19) at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis (converters [CHR-C], n = 83; nonconverters [CHR-NC], n = 275) and a healthy control group (n = 164). Mixed-model analyses were performed to determine age-related differences in social and role functioning. We limited our analyses to functioning before psychosis conversion; thus, data of CHR-C participants gathered after psychosis onset were excluded. In controls, social and role functioning improved over time. From at least age 12, functioning in CHR was poorer than in controls, and this lag persisted over time. Between ages 15 and 18, social functioning in CHR-C stagnated and diverged from that of CHR-NC, who continued to improve (p = .001). Subsequently, CHR-C lagged behind in improvement between ages 21 and 23, further distinguishing them from CHR-NC (p < .001). A similar period of stagnation was apparent for role functioning, but to a lesser extent (p = .007). The results remained consistent when we accounted for the time to conversion. Our findings suggest that CHR-C start lagging behind CHR-NC in social and role functioning in adolescence, followed by a period of further stagnation in adulthood. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417000451 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=335 [article] Potentially important periods of change in the development of social and role functioning in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eva VELTHORST, Auteur ; Jamie ZINBERG, Auteur ; Jean ADDINGTON, Auteur ; Kristin S. CADENHEAD, Auteur ; Tyrone D. CANNON, Auteur ; Ricardo E. CARRIÓN, Auteur ; Andrea M. AUTHER, Auteur ; Barbara A. CORNBLATT, Auteur ; Thomas H. MCGLASHAN, Auteur ; Daniel H. MATHALON, Auteur ; Diana O. PERKINS, Auteur ; Larry J. SEIDMAN, Auteur ; Ming T. TSUANG, Auteur ; Elaine F. WALKER, Auteur ; Scott W. WOODS, Auteur ; Abraham REICHENBERG, Auteur ; Carrie E. BEARDEN, Auteur . - p.39-47. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 30-1 (February 2018) . - p.39-47 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The developmental course of daily functioning prior to first psychosis-onset remains poorly understood. This study explored age-related periods of change in social and role functioning. The longitudinal study included youth (aged 12–23, mean follow-up years = 1.19) at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis (converters [CHR-C], n = 83; nonconverters [CHR-NC], n = 275) and a healthy control group (n = 164). Mixed-model analyses were performed to determine age-related differences in social and role functioning. We limited our analyses to functioning before psychosis conversion; thus, data of CHR-C participants gathered after psychosis onset were excluded. In controls, social and role functioning improved over time. From at least age 12, functioning in CHR was poorer than in controls, and this lag persisted over time. Between ages 15 and 18, social functioning in CHR-C stagnated and diverged from that of CHR-NC, who continued to improve (p = .001). Subsequently, CHR-C lagged behind in improvement between ages 21 and 23, further distinguishing them from CHR-NC (p < .001). A similar period of stagnation was apparent for role functioning, but to a lesser extent (p = .007). The results remained consistent when we accounted for the time to conversion. Our findings suggest that CHR-C start lagging behind CHR-NC in social and role functioning in adolescence, followed by a period of further stagnation in adulthood. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417000451 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=335

Premorbid functional development and conversion to psychosis in clinical high-risk youths / Sarah I. TARBOX in Development and Psychopathology, 25-4 (November 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 25-4 (November 2013) . - p.1171-1186 Titre : Premorbid functional development and conversion to psychosis in clinical high-risk youths Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah I. TARBOX, Auteur ; Jean ADDINGTON, Auteur ; Kristin S. CADENHEAD, Auteur ; Tyrone D. CANNON, Auteur ; Barbara A. CORNBLATT, Auteur ; Diana O. PERKINS, Auteur ; Larry J. SEIDMAN, Auteur ; Ming T. TSUANG, Auteur ; Elaine F. WALKER, Auteur ; Robert HEINSSEN, Auteur ; Thomas H. MCGLASHAN, Auteur ; Scott W. WOODS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1171-1186 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deterioration in premorbid functioning is a common feature of schizophrenia, but sensitivity to psychosis conversion among clinical high-risk samples has not been examined. This study evaluates premorbid functioning as a predictor of psychosis conversion among a clinical high-risk sample, controlling for effects of prior developmental periods. Participants were 270 clinical high-risk individuals in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study—I, 78 of whom converted to psychosis over the next 2.5 years. Social, academic, and total maladjustment in childhood, early adolescence, and late adolescence were rated using the Cannon–Spoor Premorbid Adjustment Scale. Early adolescent social dysfunction significantly predicted conversion to psychosis (hazard ratio = 1.30, p = .014), independently of childhood social maladjustment and independently of severity of most baseline positive and negative prodromal symptoms. Baseline prodromal symptoms of disorganized communication, social anhedonia, suspiciousness, and diminished ideational richness mediated this association. Early adolescent social maladjustment and baseline suspiciousness together demonstrated moderate positive predictive power (59%) and high specificity (92.1%) in predicting conversion. Deterioration of academic and total functioning, although observed, did not predict conversion to psychosis. Results indicate early adolescent social dysfunction to be an important early predictor of conversion. As such, it may be a good candidate for inclusion in prediction algorithms and could represent an advantageous target for early intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000448 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=219 [article] Premorbid functional development and conversion to psychosis in clinical high-risk youths [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah I. TARBOX, Auteur ; Jean ADDINGTON, Auteur ; Kristin S. CADENHEAD, Auteur ; Tyrone D. CANNON, Auteur ; Barbara A. CORNBLATT, Auteur ; Diana O. PERKINS, Auteur ; Larry J. SEIDMAN, Auteur ; Ming T. TSUANG, Auteur ; Elaine F. WALKER, Auteur ; Robert HEINSSEN, Auteur ; Thomas H. MCGLASHAN, Auteur ; Scott W. WOODS, Auteur . - p.1171-1186. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 25-4 (November 2013) . - p.1171-1186 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deterioration in premorbid functioning is a common feature of schizophrenia, but sensitivity to psychosis conversion among clinical high-risk samples has not been examined. This study evaluates premorbid functioning as a predictor of psychosis conversion among a clinical high-risk sample, controlling for effects of prior developmental periods. Participants were 270 clinical high-risk individuals in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study—I, 78 of whom converted to psychosis over the next 2.5 years. Social, academic, and total maladjustment in childhood, early adolescence, and late adolescence were rated using the Cannon–Spoor Premorbid Adjustment Scale. Early adolescent social dysfunction significantly predicted conversion to psychosis (hazard ratio = 1.30, p = .014), independently of childhood social maladjustment and independently of severity of most baseline positive and negative prodromal symptoms. Baseline prodromal symptoms of disorganized communication, social anhedonia, suspiciousness, and diminished ideational richness mediated this association. Early adolescent social maladjustment and baseline suspiciousness together demonstrated moderate positive predictive power (59%) and high specificity (92.1%) in predicting conversion. Deterioration of academic and total functioning, although observed, did not predict conversion to psychosis. Results indicate early adolescent social dysfunction to be an important early predictor of conversion. As such, it may be a good candidate for inclusion in prediction algorithms and could represent an advantageous target for early intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000448 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=219

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