Gaze patterns during scene processing in typical adults and adults with autism spectrum disorders / Sarah N. RIGBY in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 25 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.24-36 Titre : Gaze patterns during scene processing in typical adults and adults with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah N. RIGBY, Auteur ; Brenda M. STOESZ, Auteur ; Lorna S. JAKOBSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.24-36 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adults  Autism spectrum disorder  Dynamic face processing  Eye-tracking  Selective attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Little is known about how adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) process dynamic social scenes. Method We studied gaze behavior in 16 adults with ASD without intellectual impairment and 16 sex- and age-matched controls during passive scene processing. Results Adding more characters to a scene resulted in a drop in time spent looking at faces, and an increase in time spent looking at bodies (static trials) or off-person (dynamic trials) [Scene Type × AOI × Mode: F(2, 60) = 3.54, p = .04, ?2p = .11]. Unlike controls, adults with ASD showed only a small drop in the number of fixations made [Mode × Group: F(1, 30) = 11.30, p = .002, ?2p = .27] and no increase in the duration of face fixations [Mode × AOI × Group: F(2, 60) = 3.50, p = .04, ?2p = .11] when dynamic cues were added. Thus, particularly during dynamic trials, adults with ASD spent less time looking at faces and slightly more time looking off-person than did controls [Mode × AOI × Group: F(2, 60) = 3.10 p = .05, ?2p = .09]. Exhibiting more autistic traits and being less empathic were both associated with spending less time fixating on faces [.34 < |r| < .55, p < .05]. Conclusions These results suggest that adults with ASD may be less sensitive to, or have more difficulty processing, dynamic cues—particularly those conveyed in faces. The findings demonstrate the importance of using dynamic displays in studies involving this clinical population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Gaze patterns during scene processing in typical adults and adults with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah N. RIGBY, Auteur ; Brenda M. STOESZ, Auteur ; Lorna S. JAKOBSON, Auteur . - p.24-36. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.24-36 Mots-clés : Adults  Autism spectrum disorder  Dynamic face processing  Eye-tracking  Selective attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Little is known about how adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) process dynamic social scenes. Method We studied gaze behavior in 16 adults with ASD without intellectual impairment and 16 sex- and age-matched controls during passive scene processing. Results Adding more characters to a scene resulted in a drop in time spent looking at faces, and an increase in time spent looking at bodies (static trials) or off-person (dynamic trials) [Scene Type × AOI × Mode: F(2, 60) = 3.54, p = .04, ?2p = .11]. Unlike controls, adults with ASD showed only a small drop in the number of fixations made [Mode × Group: F(1, 30) = 11.30, p = .002, ?2p = .27] and no increase in the duration of face fixations [Mode × AOI × Group: F(2, 60) = 3.50, p = .04, ?2p = .11] when dynamic cues were added. Thus, particularly during dynamic trials, adults with ASD spent less time looking at faces and slightly more time looking off-person than did controls [Mode × AOI × Group: F(2, 60) = 3.10 p = .05, ?2p = .09]. Exhibiting more autistic traits and being less empathic were both associated with spending less time fixating on faces [.34 < |r| < .55, p < .05]. Conclusions These results suggest that adults with ASD may be less sensitive to, or have more difficulty processing, dynamic cues—particularly those conveyed in faces. The findings demonstrate the importance of using dynamic displays in studies involving this clinical population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Links between traits associated with the broad autism phenotype and empathy and young adults’ ability to decode speaker intentionality / Lorna S. JAKOBSON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 50 (June 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 50 (June 2018) . - p.11-21 Titre : Links between traits associated with the broad autism phenotype and empathy and young adults’ ability to decode speaker intentionality Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lorna S. JAKOBSON, Auteur ; Pauline M. PEARSON, Auteur ; Zofia KOZUB, Auteur ; Colleen HARE, Auteur ; Sarah N. RIGBY, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.11-21 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Broad autism phenotype  Empathy  Nonverbal  Social  Emotion regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Expressions of social, but not non-social, traits associated with the broad autism phenotype (BAP) have been linked with social difficulties in parents of children with a formal diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). How subclinical expression of BAP traits are related to social communication abilities in individuals in the general population is less well understood. Method We explored relationships between social and non-social BAP traits and the ability to use multimodal, nonverbal cues to infer a speaker’s intended meaning in a general sample of university students (N?=?70). Data on the empathic abilities of, and the emotion regulation strategies used by, participants were also collected. Results After controlling for verbal IQ, accuracy in labeling speakers’ intentions was positively associated with the non-social BAP trait of rigidity (an effect that past research suggests may be mediated by superior face processing ability), and with one’s drive to empathize with the thoughts and feelings of a fictional character. We suggest that being both imaginative and motivated to engage with others may have been key to participants’ success on the task. We also observed that the participants who found sarcasm, jocularity, and white lies particularly rude were those who tended to engage in more emotional suppression – a self-regulatory strategy that negatively biases the processing and expression of affect. Conclusions Together, these results expand our understanding of personality factors that influence social communication skills, and may inform future research into the role that particular symptom clusters play in the expression of ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.03.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=356 [article] Links between traits associated with the broad autism phenotype and empathy and young adults’ ability to decode speaker intentionality [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lorna S. JAKOBSON, Auteur ; Pauline M. PEARSON, Auteur ; Zofia KOZUB, Auteur ; Colleen HARE, Auteur ; Sarah N. RIGBY, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.11-21. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 50 (June 2018) . - p.11-21 Mots-clés : Broad autism phenotype  Empathy  Nonverbal  Social  Emotion regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Expressions of social, but not non-social, traits associated with the broad autism phenotype (BAP) have been linked with social difficulties in parents of children with a formal diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). How subclinical expression of BAP traits are related to social communication abilities in individuals in the general population is less well understood. Method We explored relationships between social and non-social BAP traits and the ability to use multimodal, nonverbal cues to infer a speaker’s intended meaning in a general sample of university students (N?=?70). Data on the empathic abilities of, and the emotion regulation strategies used by, participants were also collected. Results After controlling for verbal IQ, accuracy in labeling speakers’ intentions was positively associated with the non-social BAP trait of rigidity (an effect that past research suggests may be mediated by superior face processing ability), and with one’s drive to empathize with the thoughts and feelings of a fictional character. We suggest that being both imaginative and motivated to engage with others may have been key to participants’ success on the task. We also observed that the participants who found sarcasm, jocularity, and white lies particularly rude were those who tended to engage in more emotional suppression – a self-regulatory strategy that negatively biases the processing and expression of affect. Conclusions Together, these results expand our understanding of personality factors that influence social communication skills, and may inform future research into the role that particular symptom clusters play in the expression of ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.03.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=356

Social attribution skills of children born preterm at very low birth weight / Kathryn E. WILLIAMSON in Development and Psychopathology, 26-4 (Part 1) (November 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 26-4 (Part 1) (November 2014) . - p.889-900 Titre : Social attribution skills of children born preterm at very low birth weight Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kathryn E. WILLIAMSON, Auteur ; Lorna S. JAKOBSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.889-900 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children born prematurely at very low birth weight (1500 g) are at increased risk for impairments affecting social functioning, including autism spectrum disorders (e.g., Johnson et al., 2010). In the current study, we used the Happé–Frith animated triangles task (Abell, Happé, Frith, 2000) to study social attribution skills in this population. In this task, typical viewers attribute intentionality and mental states to shapes, based on characteristics of their movements. Participants included 34 preterm children and 36 full-term controls, aged 8–11 years. Groups were comparable in terms of age at test, gender, handedness, and socioeconomic status; they also performed similarly on tests of selective attention/processing speed and verbal intelligence. Relative to full-term peers, preterm children's descriptions of the animations were less appropriate overall; they also overattributed intentionality/mental states to randomly moving shapes and underattributed intentionality/mental states to shapes that seemed to be interacting socially. Impairments in the ability to infer the putative mental states of triangles from movement cues alone were most evident in children displaying more “autistic-like” traits, and this may reflect atypical development of and/or functioning in, or atypical connections between, parts of the social brain. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000522 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=242 [article] Social attribution skills of children born preterm at very low birth weight [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kathryn E. WILLIAMSON, Auteur ; Lorna S. JAKOBSON, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.889-900. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 26-4 (Part 1) (November 2014) . - p.889-900 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children born prematurely at very low birth weight (1500 g) are at increased risk for impairments affecting social functioning, including autism spectrum disorders (e.g., Johnson et al., 2010). In the current study, we used the Happé–Frith animated triangles task (Abell, Happé, Frith, 2000) to study social attribution skills in this population. In this task, typical viewers attribute intentionality and mental states to shapes, based on characteristics of their movements. Participants included 34 preterm children and 36 full-term controls, aged 8–11 years. Groups were comparable in terms of age at test, gender, handedness, and socioeconomic status; they also performed similarly on tests of selective attention/processing speed and verbal intelligence. Relative to full-term peers, preterm children's descriptions of the animations were less appropriate overall; they also overattributed intentionality/mental states to randomly moving shapes and underattributed intentionality/mental states to shapes that seemed to be interacting socially. Impairments in the ability to infer the putative mental states of triangles from movement cues alone were most evident in children displaying more “autistic-like” traits, and this may reflect atypical development of and/or functioning in, or atypical connections between, parts of the social brain. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000522 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=242

Social perception in children born at very low birthweight and its relationship with social/behavioral outcomes / Kathryn E. WILLIAMSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-9 (September 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-9 (September 2014) . - p.990-998 Titre : Social perception in children born at very low birthweight and its relationship with social/behavioral outcomes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kathryn E. WILLIAMSON, Auteur ; Lorna S. JAKOBSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.990-998 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Prematurity  low birthweight  autism spectrum disorder  social perception  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Research has shown that children born very prematurely are at substantially elevated risk for social and behavioral difficulties similar to those seen in full-term children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Methods To gain insight into core deficits that may underlie these difficulties, in this study, we assessed the social perceptual skills of 8- to 11-year-old children born at very low birthweight (VLBW) (1,500 g) and age-matched, full-term controls, using the Child and Adolescent Social Perception Measure. We also assessed social and behavioral outcomes with two parent-report measures used in ASD screening. Results Children in the preterm group had normal range estimated verbal IQ. However, we found that they were impaired in their ability to use nonverbal cues from moving faces and bodies, and situational cues, to correctly identify the emotions of characters depicted in videotaped social interactions. Their performance on this task was related to the number of ‘autistic-like’ traits they displayed. Conclusions This research highlights links between social perceptual deficits and poor social and behavioral outcomes in children born very prematurely. The results also suggest that even those who have escaped major intellectual/language problems are at risk for social and behavioral problems that can be of clinical concern. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12210 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] Social perception in children born at very low birthweight and its relationship with social/behavioral outcomes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kathryn E. WILLIAMSON, Auteur ; Lorna S. JAKOBSON, Auteur . - p.990-998. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-9 (September 2014) . - p.990-998 Mots-clés : Prematurity  low birthweight  autism spectrum disorder  social perception  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Research has shown that children born very prematurely are at substantially elevated risk for social and behavioral difficulties similar to those seen in full-term children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Methods To gain insight into core deficits that may underlie these difficulties, in this study, we assessed the social perceptual skills of 8- to 11-year-old children born at very low birthweight (VLBW) (1,500 g) and age-matched, full-term controls, using the Child and Adolescent Social Perception Measure. We also assessed social and behavioral outcomes with two parent-report measures used in ASD screening. Results Children in the preterm group had normal range estimated verbal IQ. However, we found that they were impaired in their ability to use nonverbal cues from moving faces and bodies, and situational cues, to correctly identify the emotions of characters depicted in videotaped social interactions. Their performance on this task was related to the number of ‘autistic-like’ traits they displayed. Conclusions This research highlights links between social perceptual deficits and poor social and behavioral outcomes in children born very prematurely. The results also suggest that even those who have escaped major intellectual/language problems are at risk for social and behavioral problems that can be of clinical concern. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12210 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

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