Dépouillements

Biological motion and the animate–inanimate distinction in children with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder / Kristyn WRIGHT in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 25 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.1-11 Titre : Biological motion and the animate–inanimate distinction in children with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kristyn WRIGHT, Auteur ; Elizabeth KELLEY, Auteur ; Diane POULIN-DUBOIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-11 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Biological motion  Social orienting  Animate–inanimate distinction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The current study examined whether children with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (HF-ASD) preferentially attend to point-light displays of biological, compared to mechanical motion. We hypothesized that children’s attentional patterns toward the motion of living things would be reduced compared to typically developing (TD) children. Children also completed two categorization tasks measuring the animate–inanimate distinction. Children with HF-ASD were matched with TD children (n = 18 per group) on age, gender, and verbal ability. Overall, children with HF-ASD attended to biological and non-biological motion equally, whereas TD children demonstrated a preference for inanimate motion. Children with HF-ASD were also unimpaired in the formation of animate and inanimate concepts. Among children with HF-ASD, a link between attention to motion and categorization ability was observed, but only for inanimate objects. TD and HF-ASD groups differed in that visual exploration of the motion videos (e.g., saccades) was related to animate–inanimate categorization only among children with HF-ASD. These results are discussed as a low-level test of the social attention/orienting hypothesis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Biological motion and the animate–inanimate distinction in children with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kristyn WRIGHT, Auteur ; Elizabeth KELLEY, Auteur ; Diane POULIN-DUBOIS, Auteur . - p.1-11. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.1-11 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Biological motion  Social orienting  Animate–inanimate distinction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The current study examined whether children with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (HF-ASD) preferentially attend to point-light displays of biological, compared to mechanical motion. We hypothesized that children’s attentional patterns toward the motion of living things would be reduced compared to typically developing (TD) children. Children also completed two categorization tasks measuring the animate–inanimate distinction. Children with HF-ASD were matched with TD children (n = 18 per group) on age, gender, and verbal ability. Overall, children with HF-ASD attended to biological and non-biological motion equally, whereas TD children demonstrated a preference for inanimate motion. Children with HF-ASD were also unimpaired in the formation of animate and inanimate concepts. Among children with HF-ASD, a link between attention to motion and categorization ability was observed, but only for inanimate objects. TD and HF-ASD groups differed in that visual exploration of the motion videos (e.g., saccades) was related to animate–inanimate categorization only among children with HF-ASD. These results are discussed as a low-level test of the social attention/orienting hypothesis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

‘I am who I am’: Reputation concerns in adolescents on the autism spectrum / Eilidh CAGE in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 25 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.12-23 Titre : ‘I am who I am’: Reputation concerns in adolescents on the autism spectrum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eilidh CAGE, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Liz PELLICANO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.12-23 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reputation  Adolescence  Friendship  Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Adolescence is often characterised by an increased concern for one’s reputation in typical development. The extent to which autistic adolescents are concerned for their reputation, however, is unclear. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 autistic adolescents and five members of school staff to examine reputation concerns in autism. Topics discussed included being ‘cool’, friendships, worries and self-concepts. Results Thematic analysis revealed that autistic adolescents were sometimes concerned about their reputation, although many reported that they did not want to be cool. Instead, they preferred to be true to themselves and struggled to understand the rules of being cool. Adolescents’ difficulties in coping with unpredictability also contributed to their understanding of social rules. Findings were supported by the responses of school staff. Conclusions This study suggests that autistic adolescents can be concerned about their reputation, with some wishing to be accepted for having a reputation for being different. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.010 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] ‘I am who I am’: Reputation concerns in adolescents on the autism spectrum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eilidh CAGE, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Liz PELLICANO, Auteur . - p.12-23. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.12-23 Mots-clés : Reputation  Adolescence  Friendship  Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Adolescence is often characterised by an increased concern for one’s reputation in typical development. The extent to which autistic adolescents are concerned for their reputation, however, is unclear. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 autistic adolescents and five members of school staff to examine reputation concerns in autism. Topics discussed included being ‘cool’, friendships, worries and self-concepts. Results Thematic analysis revealed that autistic adolescents were sometimes concerned about their reputation, although many reported that they did not want to be cool. Instead, they preferred to be true to themselves and struggled to understand the rules of being cool. Adolescents’ difficulties in coping with unpredictability also contributed to their understanding of social rules. Findings were supported by the responses of school staff. Conclusions This study suggests that autistic adolescents can be concerned about their reputation, with some wishing to be accepted for having a reputation for being different. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.010 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Gaze patterns during scene processing in typical adults and adults with autism spectrum disorders / Sarah N. RIGBY in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 25 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.24-36 Titre : Gaze patterns during scene processing in typical adults and adults with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah N. RIGBY, Auteur ; Brenda M. STOESZ, Auteur ; Lorna S. JAKOBSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.24-36 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adults  Autism spectrum disorder  Dynamic face processing  Eye-tracking  Selective attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Little is known about how adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) process dynamic social scenes. Method We studied gaze behavior in 16 adults with ASD without intellectual impairment and 16 sex- and age-matched controls during passive scene processing. Results Adding more characters to a scene resulted in a drop in time spent looking at faces, and an increase in time spent looking at bodies (static trials) or off-person (dynamic trials) [Scene Type × AOI × Mode: F(2, 60) = 3.54, p = .04, ?2p = .11]. Unlike controls, adults with ASD showed only a small drop in the number of fixations made [Mode × Group: F(1, 30) = 11.30, p = .002, ?2p = .27] and no increase in the duration of face fixations [Mode × AOI × Group: F(2, 60) = 3.50, p = .04, ?2p = .11] when dynamic cues were added. Thus, particularly during dynamic trials, adults with ASD spent less time looking at faces and slightly more time looking off-person than did controls [Mode × AOI × Group: F(2, 60) = 3.10 p = .05, ?2p = .09]. Exhibiting more autistic traits and being less empathic were both associated with spending less time fixating on faces [.34 < |r| < .55, p < .05]. Conclusions These results suggest that adults with ASD may be less sensitive to, or have more difficulty processing, dynamic cues—particularly those conveyed in faces. The findings demonstrate the importance of using dynamic displays in studies involving this clinical population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Gaze patterns during scene processing in typical adults and adults with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah N. RIGBY, Auteur ; Brenda M. STOESZ, Auteur ; Lorna S. JAKOBSON, Auteur . - p.24-36. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.24-36 Mots-clés : Adults  Autism spectrum disorder  Dynamic face processing  Eye-tracking  Selective attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Little is known about how adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) process dynamic social scenes. Method We studied gaze behavior in 16 adults with ASD without intellectual impairment and 16 sex- and age-matched controls during passive scene processing. Results Adding more characters to a scene resulted in a drop in time spent looking at faces, and an increase in time spent looking at bodies (static trials) or off-person (dynamic trials) [Scene Type × AOI × Mode: F(2, 60) = 3.54, p = .04, ?2p = .11]. Unlike controls, adults with ASD showed only a small drop in the number of fixations made [Mode × Group: F(1, 30) = 11.30, p = .002, ?2p = .27] and no increase in the duration of face fixations [Mode × AOI × Group: F(2, 60) = 3.50, p = .04, ?2p = .11] when dynamic cues were added. Thus, particularly during dynamic trials, adults with ASD spent less time looking at faces and slightly more time looking off-person than did controls [Mode × AOI × Group: F(2, 60) = 3.10 p = .05, ?2p = .09]. Exhibiting more autistic traits and being less empathic were both associated with spending less time fixating on faces [.34 < |r| < .55, p < .05]. Conclusions These results suggest that adults with ASD may be less sensitive to, or have more difficulty processing, dynamic cues—particularly those conveyed in faces. The findings demonstrate the importance of using dynamic displays in studies involving this clinical population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Unusual sensory features are related to resting-state cardiac vagus nerve activity in autism spectrum disorders / Kanae MATSUSHIMA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 25 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.37-46 Titre : Unusual sensory features are related to resting-state cardiac vagus nerve activity in autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kanae MATSUSHIMA, Auteur ; Jun MATSUBAYASHI, Auteur ; Motomi TOICHI, Auteur ; Yasuko FUNABIKI, Auteur ; Takeo KATO, Auteur ; Tomonari AWAYA, Auteur ; Toshihiro KATO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.37-46 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Sensory features  Parasympathetic nervous system  Resting state  Heart rate variability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The relationship between unusual sensory features (hyper-reactivity, hypo-reactivity, and unusual sensory interests) and the parasympathetic nervous system in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has recently garnered interest. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether unusual sensory features are associated with resting-state cardiac vagus nerve activity in ASD children. Electrocardiogram signals were recorded during three 2-min resting periods to quantify the high frequency (HF) component of heart rate variability (HRV) in 37 children with ASD aged 6–12 and 32 typically developing children. Parent-reported questionnaires (Short Sensory Profile, SSP; Social Responsiveness Scale-2, SRS-2) assessed atypical sensory behaviors in daily life and autistic traits. Children with ASD consistently showed lower HF-HRV than typically developing children across the three resting periods. The SSP “Visual/Auditory Sensitivity” score was correlated with resting-state HF-HRV in the ASD group, indicating that ASD children with more severe visual/auditory hyper-reactivity in daily life have lower vagus nerve activity. The SRS-2 “Restricted Interests and Repetitive Behavior” score was also correlated with resting-state HF-HRV in the ASD group. These findings suggest that ASD children with lower vagus nerve activity may have inadequate self-regulatory capacity and difficulty regulating behavioral responses to unpredictable and unavoidable visual/auditory stimuli in daily life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.12.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Unusual sensory features are related to resting-state cardiac vagus nerve activity in autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kanae MATSUSHIMA, Auteur ; Jun MATSUBAYASHI, Auteur ; Motomi TOICHI, Auteur ; Yasuko FUNABIKI, Auteur ; Takeo KATO, Auteur ; Tomonari AWAYA, Auteur ; Toshihiro KATO, Auteur . - p.37-46. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.37-46 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Sensory features  Parasympathetic nervous system  Resting state  Heart rate variability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The relationship between unusual sensory features (hyper-reactivity, hypo-reactivity, and unusual sensory interests) and the parasympathetic nervous system in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has recently garnered interest. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether unusual sensory features are associated with resting-state cardiac vagus nerve activity in ASD children. Electrocardiogram signals were recorded during three 2-min resting periods to quantify the high frequency (HF) component of heart rate variability (HRV) in 37 children with ASD aged 6–12 and 32 typically developing children. Parent-reported questionnaires (Short Sensory Profile, SSP; Social Responsiveness Scale-2, SRS-2) assessed atypical sensory behaviors in daily life and autistic traits. Children with ASD consistently showed lower HF-HRV than typically developing children across the three resting periods. The SSP “Visual/Auditory Sensitivity” score was correlated with resting-state HF-HRV in the ASD group, indicating that ASD children with more severe visual/auditory hyper-reactivity in daily life have lower vagus nerve activity. The SRS-2 “Restricted Interests and Repetitive Behavior” score was also correlated with resting-state HF-HRV in the ASD group. These findings suggest that ASD children with lower vagus nerve activity may have inadequate self-regulatory capacity and difficulty regulating behavioral responses to unpredictable and unavoidable visual/auditory stimuli in daily life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.12.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Psychiatric symptoms in children and adolescents with higher functioning autism spectrum disorders on the Development and Well-Being Assessment / Outi REINVALL in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 25 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.47-57 Titre : Psychiatric symptoms in children and adolescents with higher functioning autism spectrum disorders on the Development and Well-Being Assessment Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Outi REINVALL, Auteur ; Anu-Liisa MOISIO, Auteur ; Pekka LAHTI-NUUTTILA, Auteur ; Arja VOUTILAINEN, Auteur ; Marja LAASONEN, Auteur ; Teija KUJALA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.47-57 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Asperger syndrome  Development and Well-Being Assessment  DAWBA  Psychiatric symptoms  Co-morbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) parent interview was used to assess psychiatric symptoms in children and adolescents with higher functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (n = 60; age range 6.5–16.7) and in typically developing (TD) children and adolescents (n = 60; age range 6.9–16.2). Psychiatric symptoms were reported in the ASD group (68%) significantly more compared to the TD group (12%). Specifically, emotional disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/hyperkinesis, and tic disorders were significantly more frequent in the ASD group compared to the TD group. Routine screening and early identification of these symptoms could have important implications for planning interventions and thus outcome in individuals with higher functioning ASD. The DAWBA would be a useful interview for this purpose, since it can also be easily and quickly administered in clinics not specialized in psychiatry. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Psychiatric symptoms in children and adolescents with higher functioning autism spectrum disorders on the Development and Well-Being Assessment [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Outi REINVALL, Auteur ; Anu-Liisa MOISIO, Auteur ; Pekka LAHTI-NUUTTILA, Auteur ; Arja VOUTILAINEN, Auteur ; Marja LAASONEN, Auteur ; Teija KUJALA, Auteur . - p.47-57. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.47-57 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Asperger syndrome  Development and Well-Being Assessment  DAWBA  Psychiatric symptoms  Co-morbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) parent interview was used to assess psychiatric symptoms in children and adolescents with higher functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (n = 60; age range 6.5–16.7) and in typically developing (TD) children and adolescents (n = 60; age range 6.9–16.2). Psychiatric symptoms were reported in the ASD group (68%) significantly more compared to the TD group (12%). Specifically, emotional disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/hyperkinesis, and tic disorders were significantly more frequent in the ASD group compared to the TD group. Routine screening and early identification of these symptoms could have important implications for planning interventions and thus outcome in individuals with higher functioning ASD. The DAWBA would be a useful interview for this purpose, since it can also be easily and quickly administered in clinics not specialized in psychiatry. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Psychopharmacologic intervention for adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic literature review / Lauren J. TAYLOR in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 25 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.58-75 Titre : Psychopharmacologic intervention for adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic literature review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lauren J. TAYLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.58-75 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD  Adults  Psychopharmacology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground The increased recognition of psychiatric and behavioural disorder in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with more frequent use of psychopharmacologic intervention in this population. However, limited evidence supports the effectiveness of these interventions for adults with ASD. Objective To review and synthesise the evidence regarding the effectiveness of psychotropic medication in reducing behavioural disturbance in adults with ASD. Data sources and study selection Electronic literature search of PubMed plus manual reference checks of all articles on psychopharmacology in adults with ASD published in the English language between 1985 and 2015. Results and conclusions A total of 43 studies were included in the analysis. The results indicate that only two medications, fluoxetine and risperidone, can be considered as promising evidence-based practices for adults with ASD. Given the rising prevalence of ASD, along with increased use of psychopharmacologic intervention in this population, there is a clear need for methodologically rigorous research to establish the effectiveness of these interventions. The subsequent establishment of clinical guidelines for medication use in this population is essential. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.011 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Psychopharmacologic intervention for adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic literature review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lauren J. TAYLOR, Auteur . - p.58-75. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.58-75 Mots-clés : ASD  Adults  Psychopharmacology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground The increased recognition of psychiatric and behavioural disorder in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with more frequent use of psychopharmacologic intervention in this population. However, limited evidence supports the effectiveness of these interventions for adults with ASD. Objective To review and synthesise the evidence regarding the effectiveness of psychotropic medication in reducing behavioural disturbance in adults with ASD. Data sources and study selection Electronic literature search of PubMed plus manual reference checks of all articles on psychopharmacology in adults with ASD published in the English language between 1985 and 2015. Results and conclusions A total of 43 studies were included in the analysis. The results indicate that only two medications, fluoxetine and risperidone, can be considered as promising evidence-based practices for adults with ASD. Given the rising prevalence of ASD, along with increased use of psychopharmacologic intervention in this population, there is a clear need for methodologically rigorous research to establish the effectiveness of these interventions. The subsequent establishment of clinical guidelines for medication use in this population is essential. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.011 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Retention of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: The role of co-occurring conditions in males and females / Yen-Tzu WU in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 25 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.76-86 Titre : Retention of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: The role of co-occurring conditions in males and females Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yen-Tzu WU, Auteur ; Matthew J. MAENNER, Auteur ; Lisa D. WIGGINS, Auteur ; Catherine E. RICE, Auteur ; Catherine BRADLEY, Auteur ; Maya L. LOPEZ, Auteur ; Russell S. KIRBY, Auteur ; Li-Ching LEE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.76-86 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Child sex  Diagnosis retention  Co-occurring conditions (CoCs) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined associations between ASD diagnosis retention and non-ASD co-occurring conditions (CoCs) by child sex. The sample included 7077 males and 1487 females who had an ASD diagnosis documented in their school or health records in a population-based ASD surveillance system for 8-year-old children. ASD diagnosis retention status was determined when an initial ASD diagnosis was not later ruled out by a community professional. We found that ASD diagnosis remains fairly stable, with only 9% of children who had an initial documented ASD diagnosis later being ruled-out. Although most of the associations between the ASD diagnosis retention status and CoCs are similar in both sexes, the co-occurrence of developmental diagnoses (e.g., intellectual disability or sensory integration disorder) was predictive of ASD diagnostic changes in males, whereas the co-occurrence of specific developmental (e.g., personal/social delay) and neurological diagnosis (e.g., epilepsy) was associated with ASD diagnostic change in females. More ASD-related evaluations and less ASD-related impairment were associated with later ASD rule outs in both sexes. Our findings highlight that CoCs can complicate the diagnostic picture and lead to an increased likelihood of ambiguity in ASD diagnosis. Using sensitive and appropriate measures in clinical practice is necessary for differential diagnosis, particularly when there are co-occurring developmental conditions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.02.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Retention of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: The role of co-occurring conditions in males and females [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yen-Tzu WU, Auteur ; Matthew J. MAENNER, Auteur ; Lisa D. WIGGINS, Auteur ; Catherine E. RICE, Auteur ; Catherine BRADLEY, Auteur ; Maya L. LOPEZ, Auteur ; Russell S. KIRBY, Auteur ; Li-Ching LEE, Auteur . - p.76-86. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.76-86 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Child sex  Diagnosis retention  Co-occurring conditions (CoCs) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined associations between ASD diagnosis retention and non-ASD co-occurring conditions (CoCs) by child sex. The sample included 7077 males and 1487 females who had an ASD diagnosis documented in their school or health records in a population-based ASD surveillance system for 8-year-old children. ASD diagnosis retention status was determined when an initial ASD diagnosis was not later ruled out by a community professional. We found that ASD diagnosis remains fairly stable, with only 9% of children who had an initial documented ASD diagnosis later being ruled-out. Although most of the associations between the ASD diagnosis retention status and CoCs are similar in both sexes, the co-occurrence of developmental diagnoses (e.g., intellectual disability or sensory integration disorder) was predictive of ASD diagnostic changes in males, whereas the co-occurrence of specific developmental (e.g., personal/social delay) and neurological diagnosis (e.g., epilepsy) was associated with ASD diagnostic change in females. More ASD-related evaluations and less ASD-related impairment were associated with later ASD rule outs in both sexes. Our findings highlight that CoCs can complicate the diagnostic picture and lead to an increased likelihood of ambiguity in ASD diagnosis. Using sensitive and appropriate measures in clinical practice is necessary for differential diagnosis, particularly when there are co-occurring developmental conditions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.02.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

A pilot study promoting participation of families with limited resources in early autism intervention / Themba CARR in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 25 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.87-96 Titre : A pilot study promoting participation of families with limited resources in early autism intervention Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Themba CARR, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.87-96 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Early intervention  Under-resourced communities  Low-income Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Relatively little research about autism early intervention has occurred in families of low socioeconomic status. Barriers to participation for under-resourced families (i.e., families with low incomes or limited education), pose a significant problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to apply empirically supported methods promoting participation of families with low-income and low-education levels to an established intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method Participant recruitment specifically targeted families whose income was equal to or below two times the federal poverty line and whose caregiver(s) had no more than two years of college attendance. An evidence-based intervention was modified to be more accessible to participating families. Adaptations focused on decreasing access barriers, decreasing attrition, and promoting positive change within families. Success of the program was measured quantitatively and qualitatively. Results Twenty-seven families were referred to the project, 13 of which did not meet eligibility requirements. Eight families enrolled, maintained participation for the majority of the project and provided positive qualitative feedback of their experiences. Project and treatment attrition were calculated at 62% and 12.5%, respectively. Treatment attendance was high, but length of time to complete treatment was greatly influenced by the number of session cancellations. Conclusions The exploratory project demonstrated that practical modifications to standard early intervention protocols can promote engagement in families with limited resources. Recommendations for programs seeking to implement interventions in under-resourced communities are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.02.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] A pilot study promoting participation of families with limited resources in early autism intervention [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Themba CARR, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur . - p.87-96. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.87-96 Mots-clés : Autism  Early intervention  Under-resourced communities  Low-income Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Relatively little research about autism early intervention has occurred in families of low socioeconomic status. Barriers to participation for under-resourced families (i.e., families with low incomes or limited education), pose a significant problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to apply empirically supported methods promoting participation of families with low-income and low-education levels to an established intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method Participant recruitment specifically targeted families whose income was equal to or below two times the federal poverty line and whose caregiver(s) had no more than two years of college attendance. An evidence-based intervention was modified to be more accessible to participating families. Adaptations focused on decreasing access barriers, decreasing attrition, and promoting positive change within families. Success of the program was measured quantitatively and qualitatively. Results Twenty-seven families were referred to the project, 13 of which did not meet eligibility requirements. Eight families enrolled, maintained participation for the majority of the project and provided positive qualitative feedback of their experiences. Project and treatment attrition were calculated at 62% and 12.5%, respectively. Treatment attendance was high, but length of time to complete treatment was greatly influenced by the number of session cancellations. Conclusions The exploratory project demonstrated that practical modifications to standard early intervention protocols can promote engagement in families with limited resources. Recommendations for programs seeking to implement interventions in under-resourced communities are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.02.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Conceptualising paranoia in ASD: A systematic review and development of a theoretical framework / Debbie SPAIN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 25 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.97-111 Titre : Conceptualising paranoia in ASD: A systematic review and development of a theoretical framework Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Debbie SPAIN, Auteur ; Jacqueline SIN, Auteur ; Daniel FREEMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.97-111 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Asperger syndrome  Paranoia  Systematic review  Theoretical framework Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Paranoia, unfounded ideation that others deliberately intend harm, has predominately been studied in schizophrenia. Increasingly, it is recognised that there is a spectrum of severity of excessive mistrust across the general population. Relatively little is known about paranoia in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but rates could be expected to be higher given both difficulties in understanding others’ mental states and frequent experiences of negative social interactions. A systematic search of English-language peer-reviewed publications was undertaken to synthesise empirical research about paranoia in ASD. Seven studies, comprising a total of 180 ASD participants, met the inclusion criteria. All the studies were cross-sectional, thereby limiting causal interpretations. Individuals with ASD were consistently found to have higher levels of paranoia compared to non-clinical controls, and lower levels than individuals with current psychotic experiences manifesting in the context of schizophrenia. Furthermore, the initial evidence indicates that paranoia in ASD may be linked with theory of mind performance, negative affect, and jumping to conclusions, but not to attributional style. As in typically-developing populations, causal and maintaining mechanisms for paranoia in ASD, against a background of genetic and environmental risk, most likely include cognitive and affective processes interacting with social factors. We hypothesise, however, that core ASD characteristics and associated neurocognitive impairments also serve to precipitate and perpetuate paranoia. A framework to guide further investigation is outlined. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.02.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Conceptualising paranoia in ASD: A systematic review and development of a theoretical framework [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Debbie SPAIN, Auteur ; Jacqueline SIN, Auteur ; Daniel FREEMAN, Auteur . - p.97-111. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.97-111 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Asperger syndrome  Paranoia  Systematic review  Theoretical framework Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Paranoia, unfounded ideation that others deliberately intend harm, has predominately been studied in schizophrenia. Increasingly, it is recognised that there is a spectrum of severity of excessive mistrust across the general population. Relatively little is known about paranoia in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but rates could be expected to be higher given both difficulties in understanding others’ mental states and frequent experiences of negative social interactions. A systematic search of English-language peer-reviewed publications was undertaken to synthesise empirical research about paranoia in ASD. Seven studies, comprising a total of 180 ASD participants, met the inclusion criteria. All the studies were cross-sectional, thereby limiting causal interpretations. Individuals with ASD were consistently found to have higher levels of paranoia compared to non-clinical controls, and lower levels than individuals with current psychotic experiences manifesting in the context of schizophrenia. Furthermore, the initial evidence indicates that paranoia in ASD may be linked with theory of mind performance, negative affect, and jumping to conclusions, but not to attributional style. As in typically-developing populations, causal and maintaining mechanisms for paranoia in ASD, against a background of genetic and environmental risk, most likely include cognitive and affective processes interacting with social factors. We hypothesise, however, that core ASD characteristics and associated neurocognitive impairments also serve to precipitate and perpetuate paranoia. A framework to guide further investigation is outlined. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.02.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Using and reasoning about social strategies in autism spectrum disorder in everyday situations / Giulia BELLESI in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 25 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.112-121 Titre : Using and reasoning about social strategies in autism spectrum disorder in everyday situations Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Giulia BELLESI, Auteur ; Leila JAMEEL, Auteur ; Karishma VYAS, Auteur ; Sarah CRAWFORD, Auteur ; Shelley CHANNON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.112-121 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Social skill  Empathy  Mentalising  Social knowledge  Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although a substantial amount of previous work has been dedicated to the study of the possible theoretical mechanisms underpinning autism spectrum disorder (ASD), little research has examined the types of difficulties experienced by individuals in their everyday social functioning. University students with ASD and matched control participants performed the Social Strategy task. In this, they read a range of descriptions of social interactions, all ending with an awkward question asked by the story main character. The types of strategies they used to answer the awkward questions were examined. Compared to control participants, those with ASD used a more negative emotional tone in responding, generated more simple strategies including acquiescence or refusal, and fewer sophisticated strategies that considered all parties’ perspectives. In a novel task condition, participants rank-ordered simple and sophisticated strategies, and gave justifications for their use. Rank-ordering did not differentiate the groups. Justifications given by those with ASD for simple strategies were more practical and less often character-based than those given by control participants; the groups did not differ in the justifications given for sophisticated strategies. The possible explanations of these findings and implications for informing current intervention programmes are considered. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.02.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Using and reasoning about social strategies in autism spectrum disorder in everyday situations [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Giulia BELLESI, Auteur ; Leila JAMEEL, Auteur ; Karishma VYAS, Auteur ; Sarah CRAWFORD, Auteur ; Shelley CHANNON, Auteur . - p.112-121. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.112-121 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Social skill  Empathy  Mentalising  Social knowledge  Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although a substantial amount of previous work has been dedicated to the study of the possible theoretical mechanisms underpinning autism spectrum disorder (ASD), little research has examined the types of difficulties experienced by individuals in their everyday social functioning. University students with ASD and matched control participants performed the Social Strategy task. In this, they read a range of descriptions of social interactions, all ending with an awkward question asked by the story main character. The types of strategies they used to answer the awkward questions were examined. Compared to control participants, those with ASD used a more negative emotional tone in responding, generated more simple strategies including acquiescence or refusal, and fewer sophisticated strategies that considered all parties’ perspectives. In a novel task condition, participants rank-ordered simple and sophisticated strategies, and gave justifications for their use. Rank-ordering did not differentiate the groups. Justifications given by those with ASD for simple strategies were more practical and less often character-based than those given by control participants; the groups did not differ in the justifications given for sophisticated strategies. The possible explanations of these findings and implications for informing current intervention programmes are considered. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.02.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

A review of the quality of primary caregiver-implemented communication intervention research for children with ASD / Ee Rea HONG in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 25 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.122-136 Titre : A review of the quality of primary caregiver-implemented communication intervention research for children with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ee Rea HONG, Auteur ; Jennifer B. GANZ, Auteur ; Leslie NEELY, Auteur ; Stephanie GEROW, Auteur ; Jennifer NINCI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.122-136 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Communication behaviors  Caregiver  Single-case research  Evidence-based practice  Quality of research  What Works Clearinghouse Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Most children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) spend most of their waking hours at home with their caregivers; thus, involving caregivers in interventions may increase communication interaction opportunities across time and settings. Method In this review, an analysis of the quality of the research on communication interventions implemented or mediated by caregivers of children with ASD was conducted based on the What Works Clearinghouse guidelines (Kratochwill et al., 2010) and adapted by Maggin et al. (2013). Results About one-third of studies included in this review were found to meet the design standards, indicating that those studies utilized a high quality of research design. The studies that failed to meet the design standards were primarily those that lacked sufficient interobserver agreement data collected in each condition, thus, not meeting the minimum quality thresholds. To evaluate an overall effectiveness, a total of 31 single-case experiments were evaluated with the evidence standards. As a result, about half of the experiments were found to have either strong or moderate evidence of an effect. Conclusions The findings in this review suggest issues that need to be addressed in the field related to quality of designs in single-case research on primary caregiver-implemented communication interventions for children with ASD. Limitations and implications for future research and for practitioners are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.02.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] A review of the quality of primary caregiver-implemented communication intervention research for children with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ee Rea HONG, Auteur ; Jennifer B. GANZ, Auteur ; Leslie NEELY, Auteur ; Stephanie GEROW, Auteur ; Jennifer NINCI, Auteur . - p.122-136. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.122-136 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Communication behaviors  Caregiver  Single-case research  Evidence-based practice  Quality of research  What Works Clearinghouse Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Most children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) spend most of their waking hours at home with their caregivers; thus, involving caregivers in interventions may increase communication interaction opportunities across time and settings. Method In this review, an analysis of the quality of the research on communication interventions implemented or mediated by caregivers of children with ASD was conducted based on the What Works Clearinghouse guidelines (Kratochwill et al., 2010) and adapted by Maggin et al. (2013). Results About one-third of studies included in this review were found to meet the design standards, indicating that those studies utilized a high quality of research design. The studies that failed to meet the design standards were primarily those that lacked sufficient interobserver agreement data collected in each condition, thus, not meeting the minimum quality thresholds. To evaluate an overall effectiveness, a total of 31 single-case experiments were evaluated with the evidence standards. As a result, about half of the experiments were found to have either strong or moderate evidence of an effect. Conclusions The findings in this review suggest issues that need to be addressed in the field related to quality of designs in single-case research on primary caregiver-implemented communication interventions for children with ASD. Limitations and implications for future research and for practitioners are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.02.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Difficulties with multi-sensory fear conditioning in individuals with autism spectrum disorder / Patrick S. POWELL in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 25 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.137-146 Titre : Difficulties with multi-sensory fear conditioning in individuals with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Patrick S. POWELL, Auteur ; Brittany G. TRAVERS, Auteur ; Laura G. KLINGER, Auteur ; Mark R. KLINGER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.137-146 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Conditioning  Associative learning  Emotion learning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Classical conditioning represents a fundamental aspect of learning, allowing us to infer relationships between coinciding events in our environment. However, recent evidence has suggested this fundamental form of learning may be compromised in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study utilized galvanic skin responses to examine classical conditioning in individuals with ASD across sensory modalities. Method Fifteen individuals diagnosed with ASD and 16 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched individuals with typical development participated in this study. Using a differential fear conditioning paradigm, participants were presented with a series of colors and sounds. A subset of these colors and sounds was paired with an aversive loud noise. Learning the contingency between the color and/or sound and the aversive noise was measured by changes in skin conductance. Following this task, an explicit-knowledge test probed participant’s awareness of these contingencies. Results Results indicated that individuals with ASD had a general impairment in fear conditioning compared to individuals with typical development. Additionally, participants with ASD who showed greater explicit awareness of the contingencies showed conditioned responses more similar to participants with typical development. Conclusions Implications for theories of the neurobiological mechanisms associated with learning and social impairments in ASD are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.02.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Difficulties with multi-sensory fear conditioning in individuals with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Patrick S. POWELL, Auteur ; Brittany G. TRAVERS, Auteur ; Laura G. KLINGER, Auteur ; Mark R. KLINGER, Auteur . - p.137-146. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.137-146 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Conditioning  Associative learning  Emotion learning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Classical conditioning represents a fundamental aspect of learning, allowing us to infer relationships between coinciding events in our environment. However, recent evidence has suggested this fundamental form of learning may be compromised in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study utilized galvanic skin responses to examine classical conditioning in individuals with ASD across sensory modalities. Method Fifteen individuals diagnosed with ASD and 16 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched individuals with typical development participated in this study. Using a differential fear conditioning paradigm, participants were presented with a series of colors and sounds. A subset of these colors and sounds was paired with an aversive loud noise. Learning the contingency between the color and/or sound and the aversive noise was measured by changes in skin conductance. Following this task, an explicit-knowledge test probed participant’s awareness of these contingencies. Results Results indicated that individuals with ASD had a general impairment in fear conditioning compared to individuals with typical development. Additionally, participants with ASD who showed greater explicit awareness of the contingencies showed conditioned responses more similar to participants with typical development. Conclusions Implications for theories of the neurobiological mechanisms associated with learning and social impairments in ASD are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.02.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285