Adaptation to the Speed of Biological Motion in Autism / Themis KARAMINIS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-2 (February 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-2 (February 2020) . - p.373-385 Titre : Adaptation to the Speed of Biological Motion in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Themis KARAMINIS, Auteur ; Roberto ARRIGHI, Auteur ; Georgia FORTH, Auteur ; David BURR, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.373-385 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adaptation  Autism  Biological motion  Perception  Running speed Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic individuals often present atypicalities in adaptation-the continuous recalibration of perceptual systems driven by recent sensory experiences. Here, we examined such atypicalities in human biological motion. We used a dual-task paradigm, including a running-speed discrimination task ('comparing the speed of two running silhouettes') and a change-detection task ('detecting fixation-point shrinkages') assessing attention. We tested 19 school-age autistic and 19 age- and ability-matched typical participants, also recording eye-movements. The two groups presented comparable speed-discrimination abilities and, unexpectedly, comparable adaptation. Accuracy in the change-detection task and the scatter of eye-fixations around the fixation point were also similar across groups. Yet, the scatter of fixations reliably predicted the magnitude of adaptation, demonstrating the importance of controlling for attention in adaptation studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04241-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=416 [article] Adaptation to the Speed of Biological Motion in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Themis KARAMINIS, Auteur ; Roberto ARRIGHI, Auteur ; Georgia FORTH, Auteur ; David BURR, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur . - p.373-385. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-2 (February 2020) . - p.373-385 Mots-clés : Adaptation  Autism  Biological motion  Perception  Running speed Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic individuals often present atypicalities in adaptation-the continuous recalibration of perceptual systems driven by recent sensory experiences. Here, we examined such atypicalities in human biological motion. We used a dual-task paradigm, including a running-speed discrimination task ('comparing the speed of two running silhouettes') and a change-detection task ('detecting fixation-point shrinkages') assessing attention. We tested 19 school-age autistic and 19 age- and ability-matched typical participants, also recording eye-movements. The two groups presented comparable speed-discrimination abilities and, unexpectedly, comparable adaptation. Accuracy in the change-detection task and the scatter of eye-fixations around the fixation point were also similar across groups. Yet, the scatter of fixations reliably predicted the magnitude of adaptation, demonstrating the importance of controlling for attention in adaptation studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04241-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=416

Binocular rivalry in children on the autism spectrum / Themis KARAMINIS in Autism Research, 10-6 (June 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-6 (June 2017) . - p.1096-1106 Titre : Binocular rivalry in children on the autism spectrum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Themis KARAMINIS, Auteur ; Claudia LUNGHI, Auteur ; Louise NEIL, Auteur ; David BURR, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1096-1106 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : binocular rivalry  autism  perception  bistable perception  vision  atypical development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : When different images are presented to the eyes, the brain is faced with ambiguity, causing perceptual bistability: visual perception continuously alternates between the monocular images, a phenomenon called binocular rivalry. Many models of rivalry suggest that its temporal dynamics depend on mutual inhibition among neurons representing competing images. These models predict that rivalry should be different in autism, which has been proposed to present an atypical ratio of excitation and inhibition [the E/I imbalance hypothesis; Rubenstein & Merzenich, 2003]. In line with this prediction, some recent studies have provided evidence for atypical binocular rivalry dynamics in autistic adults. In this study, we examined if these findings generalize to autistic children. We developed a child-friendly binocular rivalry paradigm, which included two types of stimuli, low- and high-complexity, and compared rivalry dynamics in groups of autistic and age- and intellectual ability-matched typical children. Unexpectedly, the two groups of children presented the same number of perceptual transitions and the same mean phase durations (times perceiving one of the two stimuli). Yet autistic children reported mixed percepts for a shorter proportion of time (a difference which was in the opposite direction to previous adult studies), while elevated autistic symptomatology was associated with shorter mixed perception periods. Rivalry in the two groups was affected similarly by stimulus type, and consistent with previous findings. Our results suggest that rivalry dynamics are differentially affected in adults and developing autistic children and could be accounted for by hierarchical models of binocular rivalry, including both inhibition and top-down influences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1749 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=309 [article] Binocular rivalry in children on the autism spectrum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Themis KARAMINIS, Auteur ; Claudia LUNGHI, Auteur ; Louise NEIL, Auteur ; David BURR, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur . - p.1096-1106. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-6 (June 2017) . - p.1096-1106 Mots-clés : binocular rivalry  autism  perception  bistable perception  vision  atypical development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : When different images are presented to the eyes, the brain is faced with ambiguity, causing perceptual bistability: visual perception continuously alternates between the monocular images, a phenomenon called binocular rivalry. Many models of rivalry suggest that its temporal dynamics depend on mutual inhibition among neurons representing competing images. These models predict that rivalry should be different in autism, which has been proposed to present an atypical ratio of excitation and inhibition [the E/I imbalance hypothesis; Rubenstein & Merzenich, 2003]. In line with this prediction, some recent studies have provided evidence for atypical binocular rivalry dynamics in autistic adults. In this study, we examined if these findings generalize to autistic children. We developed a child-friendly binocular rivalry paradigm, which included two types of stimuli, low- and high-complexity, and compared rivalry dynamics in groups of autistic and age- and intellectual ability-matched typical children. Unexpectedly, the two groups of children presented the same number of perceptual transitions and the same mean phase durations (times perceiving one of the two stimuli). Yet autistic children reported mixed percepts for a shorter proportion of time (a difference which was in the opposite direction to previous adult studies), while elevated autistic symptomatology was associated with shorter mixed perception periods. Rivalry in the two groups was affected similarly by stimulus type, and consistent with previous findings. Our results suggest that rivalry dynamics are differentially affected in adults and developing autistic children and could be accounted for by hierarchical models of binocular rivalry, including both inhibition and top-down influences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1749 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=309

Numerical Estimation in Children With Autism / David AAGTEN-MURPHY in Autism Research, 8-6 (December 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-6 (December 2015) . - p.668-681 Titre : Numerical Estimation in Children With Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : David AAGTEN-MURPHY, Auteur ; Claudia ATTUCCI, Auteur ; Niki DANIEL, Auteur ; Elena KLARIC, Auteur ; David BURR, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.668-681 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  mathematics  number  visual perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Number skills are often reported anecdotally and in the mass media as a relative strength for individuals with autism, yet there are remarkably few research studies addressing this issue. This study, therefore, sought to examine autistic children's number estimation skills and whether variation in these skills can explain at least in part strengths and weaknesses in children's mathematical achievement. Thirty-two cognitively able children with autism (range?=?8–13 years) and 32 typical children of similar age and ability were administered a standardized test of mathematical achievement and two estimation tasks, one psychophysical nonsymbolic estimation (numerosity discrimination) task and one symbolic estimation (numberline) task. Children with autism performed worse than typical children on the numerosity task, on the numberline task, which required mapping numerical values onto space, and on the test of mathematical achievement. These findings question the widespread belief that mathematical skills are generally enhanced in autism. For both groups of children, variation in performance on the numberline task was also uniquely related to their academic achievement, over and above variation in intellectual ability; better number-to-space mapping skills went hand-in-hand with better arithmetic skills. Future research should further determine the extent and underlying causes of some autistic children's difficulties with regards to number. Autism Res 2015, 8: 668–681. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1482 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278 [article] Numerical Estimation in Children With Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / David AAGTEN-MURPHY, Auteur ; Claudia ATTUCCI, Auteur ; Niki DANIEL, Auteur ; Elena KLARIC, Auteur ; David BURR, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur . - p.668-681. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-6 (December 2015) . - p.668-681 Mots-clés : autism  mathematics  number  visual perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Number skills are often reported anecdotally and in the mass media as a relative strength for individuals with autism, yet there are remarkably few research studies addressing this issue. This study, therefore, sought to examine autistic children's number estimation skills and whether variation in these skills can explain at least in part strengths and weaknesses in children's mathematical achievement. Thirty-two cognitively able children with autism (range?=?8–13 years) and 32 typical children of similar age and ability were administered a standardized test of mathematical achievement and two estimation tasks, one psychophysical nonsymbolic estimation (numerosity discrimination) task and one symbolic estimation (numberline) task. Children with autism performed worse than typical children on the numerosity task, on the numberline task, which required mapping numerical values onto space, and on the test of mathematical achievement. These findings question the widespread belief that mathematical skills are generally enhanced in autism. For both groups of children, variation in performance on the numberline task was also uniquely related to their academic achievement, over and above variation in intellectual ability; better number-to-space mapping skills went hand-in-hand with better arithmetic skills. Future research should further determine the extent and underlying causes of some autistic children's difficulties with regards to number. Autism Res 2015, 8: 668–681. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1482 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278

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